Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The erythroblastic leukemia produced in Long-Evans rats by the administration of 7, 8, 12 trimethylbenz (a) anthracene has been used as a model of the most immature form of the erythrocyte series. In conjunction with studies of the maturation of several other membrane functions, the permeability of this cell to water and to certain definitive non-electrolytes was measured with osmotic methods. The hydraulic conductivity, L-p was 6.2 micro (minute)-1, (atm)-1 at 25 degrees C, quite high and characteristic of mature erythrocytes, but different from values of 0.65 for immature myeloid cells. The effect of temperature provided an energy of activation of 4.4 kCal/mole, also typical of mature mammalian erythrocytes but again different from 13 to 18 kCal/mole for immature myeloid cells. Urea was compared to thiourea. The permeability coefficient for urea was 76.7 micra (minute)-1 plus or minus 13.8 (S. E.); the value for thiourea was 1.55 micra (minute)-1 plus or minus 0.18 (S. E.). Phloretin at 0.25 mM inhibited urea permeability by 90% with 50% inhibition occurring at 0.05 mM. Inhibition was reversible. Permeability to the glycols was also compatible with mature erythrocytes. We infer from these findings that the structure which underlies these basic, passive membrane functions is laid down early and persists after loss of nucleus and subsequent maturation.
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PMID:Maturation of membrane function: the permeability of the rat erythroblastic leukemic cell to water and to non-electrolytes. 105 96

By a plasma-concentration of hydroxy-urea (HU) higher than 0.5-2.2x10(-4)M the DNA-synthesis in leukemia cells was blocked reversibly in 9 patients. The plasma half-time of HU varied between 120 and 198 min. To synchronize leukemic cell populations the DNS-synthesis was blocked over a period of 36 hours by maintaining the HU-concentration above the critical lower level. In a second phase-specific therapeutic step cytosine-arabinoside (AraC) was given 4 times in a dose of 1 mg/kg each. A recruitment after the application of AarC made more cells available for the next following synchronization step. 4 acute myeloblastic leukemias with high peripheral cell counts were treated according to this schedule. One patient is still in complete remission for now 14 month. This synchronization/recruitment schedule seems to be successful in acute myeloblastic leukemias with high proliferation rates measured by biochemical and cytokinetic methods.
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PMID:[Pharmakokinetics of hydroxy-urea. Therapy of acute myeoblastic leukemias using synchronization and recruitment effects (author' transl)]. 106 36

Red cell membrane protein behaviour was studied in patients with polycythaemia vera, polyglobulia secondary to cardiorespiratory disorders, chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute granuloblastic leukaemia. Electrophoretic pictures were examined after solubilisation in urea or SDS and on various supports. Chromatographic analysis was also made of acid, neutral and basic amino acids obtained by hot-acid hydrolysis of the stromas. Protein electrophoretic changes in polycythaemia differed from those observed in granuloblastic leukaemia and chronic cor pulmonale. Different stromal protein amino acid percents were also noted, with marked variations between each disease.
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PMID:[Changes in the proteins of erythrocyte membrane in polycythemia vera]. 106 56

An analysis of red cell membrane proteins in acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and myeloma was carried out. The electrophoretic pattern after solubilisation in urea or SDS was examined, along with migration on cellulose acetate or acrylamide in different buffers. Protein acid, basic and neutral amino acid percentages were also determined. An increase in low molecular weight and faster anodic migration proteins was noted in the lymphoblastoses, whereas the amino acid spectrum of these proteins showed percent changes in the case of some amino acids, particularly glutamic acid, phosphoserine, lysine and histidine. The alterations observed were compared with those noted previously in other haemoblastoses, congenital haemolytic and anhaemolytic blood diseases, and endoglobular or acquired metabolic defects in a closer assessment of their significance.
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PMID:[Changes in membrane proteins in the erythrocytes of patients with hemolymphoblastosis not directly involving the erythroblastic line]. 106 86

Immobilized asparaginase was prepared by embedding asparaginase (which is effective for remission in children with leukemia) into fibrin polymer formed by fibrinogen-fibrin conversion in the presence of thrombin. The immobilized asparaginase film did not dissolve in 6 mol/1 urea, suggesting that blood coagulation factor XIII participates in the cross-linking between fibrins and between fibrin and asparaginase.
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PMID:Immobilized L-asparginase embedded in fibrin polymer. 109 44

Purified rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC) and cultured rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells were surface labeled with 125I by using lactoperoxidase, incubated with unlabeled rat monoclonal IgE and subjected to solubilization by treatment with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40). With both cell types significant amounts of radioiodinated material could be specifically precipitated by a "sandwich" system consisting of rabbit anti-rat epsilon-chain and goat anti-rabbit Ig. The precipitates were dissociated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea and subsequently analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With RMC three radioactive bands were seen. One corresponded to IgE present on the RMC at the time of isolation. A small band migrating in the region of light chain was seen with both sepcific (anti-IgE) and control precipitates. It showed no demonstrable relationship to IgE. The major radioactive band corresponded to a m.w. of 62,000. This band was dependent upon the presence of IgE and was not found when non-IgE binding control cells were used. With RBL cells, only the IgE-dependent 62,000 dalton peak was present. Saturation of the IgE receptor sites of the RMC or RBL cells before lactoperoxidase labeling almost totally eliminated this radioactive band, indicating that cell-bound IgE rendered this membrane component inaccessible to the radiolabel. These results strongly suggest that this cellular component is identical, at least in part, with the target cell surface receptor for reaginic antibody. The data also further support the hypothesis that the neoplastic RBL cells have a normal surface receptor for IgE.
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PMID:Characterization of the target cell receptor for IgE. II. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the surface IgE receptor from normal rat mast cells and from rat basophilic leukemia cells. 124 17

The effect of selenite coadministration on the toxicity and antitumor activity of repeated treatment with high doses of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) was examined in mice. Sodium selenite was injected s.c. into separate abdominal sites of mice together with cis-DDP at a molar ratio of 1:3.5 (selenite to cis-DDP) on day 0. The same amount of selenite was given daily for 4 subsequent days (days 1-4). This fixed administration schedule was repeated weekly for a total of 7 weeks. Under the experimental conditions used, the lethal toxicity, renal toxicity [indicated by an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine levels], hepatic toxicity (indicated by an increase in plasma GPT and GOT activity), and myelotoxicity (indicated by a decrease in the numbers of leukocytes and platelets) observed in mice given repeated doses of cis-DDP alone (15 or 25 mumol/kg, s.c.) were significantly depressed by the coadministration of sodium selenite. Treatment with cis-DDP alone (15, 20, or 25 mumol/kg, s.c.) resulted in some dose-dependent prolongation of the life span of mice transplanted either s.c. with colon adenocarcinoma 38 (colon 38) or i.p. with P388 leukemia (P388) but did not completely depress the tumor growth, and the animals died of either progressive disease or cis-DDP-induced toxicity. However, following the coadministration of 7.1 mumol/kg selenite with 25 mumol/kg cis-DDP, all of the mice transplanted either s.c. with colon 38 or i.p. with P388 survived for as long as 4 months after the end of the treatment and showed no evidence of malignancy. These results indicate that selenite coadministration enables the use of increasing doses of cis-DDP and, consequently, enhances the antitumor effect of cis-DDP by depressing its side effects.
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PMID:Effect of coadministration of selenite on the toxicity and antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) given repeatedly to mice. 139

A clinicopathological study of leukemic kidney was carried out by observing the changes of the kidney in 104 autopsied cases of leukemia. The main changes of the leukemic kidney were increase of renal weight, calcinosis of renal tubules, interstitial leukemic cell infiltration, intravascular stasis and renal bleeding. Calcinosis intravascular stasis, renal bleeding as well as hyperuricemia may lead to abnormal urinary findings. The presence and severity of interstitial infiltration have no obvious relation with the level of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and muric acid as well as the abnormal change of the urine. However, the presence of intravascular stasis by leukemic cells are correlated with the disturbance of renal function.
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PMID:[A clinicopathological study of leukemic kidney]. 139 26

In order to provide a macromolecular prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) with reduced side-effects and exhibiting strong antitumor activity, 5FU was covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via a urethane or urea bond. For the purpose of evaluating the release behavior of 5FU, the hydrolysis of the urethane or urea bond in the obtained conjugate of PEG-end capped with 5FU was investigated in vitro at 37 degrees C in aqueous solution media. The survival effect for the conjugate was assessed in vivo against p388 lymphocytic leukemia in female CDF1 mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) transplantation/i.p. injection. The effects of a hydrophobic hexamethylene spacer group, the end group and the number n of ethylene oxide (EO) units in PEG on the release behavior of 5FU and the survival effect were investigated. The release rate of 5FU from the 5FU-terminated PEG conjugates via urethane or urea bond was very fast. However, it became slow with increasing n of EO units in PEG and was depressed by the introduction of hydrophobic spacer group. The 5FU-terminated PEG conjugates obtained exhibited significant survival effects against p388 leukemia mice i.p./i.p. Especially, the methoxy PEG (n = 113)/urethane/hexamethylene/urea/5FU conjugate showed the strongest survival effect among the synthesized 5FU-capped PEG conjugates via urethane or urea bond compared to free 5FU against p388 leukemia mice. These conjugates obtained did not display an acute toxicity even in high dose ranges.
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PMID:Synthesis and antitumor activity of poly(ethylene glycol)s linked to 5-fluorouracil via a urethane or urea bond. 145 99

Between 1980 and 1991, 96 patients with documented polycythemia vera were treated by hydroxyurea or pipobroman, according to a protocol including randomization, and maintenance therapy. Complete remission was induced in all cases. Two cases treated with hydroxy-urea had a very severe granulothrombocytopenia during the initial phase. Maintenance was generally satisfactory on pipobroman, but the platelet count often remained high (400 to 900.10(9)/l) on low-dosage hydroxy-urea, with a risk of vascular events. Progressive resistance to these drugs was observed in 5 cases. Digestive and cutaneous troubles were more frequent on pipobroman maintenance, sometimes enough to legitimate a therapeutic change. It may be concluded that such a treatment is less easy to use and to follow than is currently accepted. In the present series (397/years/patients follow-up, median 5-3 years), only one leukemia and one cancer were observed, which however only demonstrates the absence of any carcinogenic risk at short- but not at long-term.
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PMID:[Treatment of polycythemia vera with hydroxyurea or pipobroman. Efficacy and toxicity analysed from a protocol of 96 patients under 65 years of age. Le Groupe d'Etude des Polyglobulies]. 148 20


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