Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a physiological process by which genetically damaged cells or undesired cells can be eliminated. Various morphological and molecular changes undergoing during the process of apoptosis are the formation of apoptotic blebs of the cell membrane, cell shrinkage, condensation of chromatin and the disruption of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into typical fragments of multiples of 180 base pairs. These changes can be detected in a number of ways. DNA ladder formation, which is observed following gel electrophoresis technique although is widely accepted but does not reflect the DNA breakdown in individual cell and also may miss contributions from small sub-populations in a heterogeneous cell population. Alkaline comet assay as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis, on the other hand, accurately measures DNA fragmentation on a single cell level and allows analysis of subpopulation of cells. The assay was originally developed for measuring DNA damage of cells exposed to any genotoxic agent. However, the comet image generated by an apoptotic cell is different from that obtained with a cell treated for a short time with a genotoxic agent. Correlation of comet formation with various other established parameters of apoptosis is very important. The present study aims to correlate different features of apoptosis with the formation of comet tail in human leukemia K-562 cells using tea extracts. Apoptosis as measured by formation of apoptotic bodies, flow cytometric analysis, activation of caspase 3 and 8, and expressions of apoptosis related genes such as bcl-2 and bax showed high degree of correlation with comet tail moment. This indicates that comet assay can accurately reflect measure of DNA fragmentation and hence can be used to detect a cell undergoing apoptosis.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Tea-induced apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells as assessed by comet formation. 1683 11

Cancer mortality data collected by the Guam Cancer Registry for the period 1998 through 2002 were analyzed by cancer site, age, and ethnicity. Ethnicity and site specific age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for Guam were calculated utilizing Guam 2000 census data, the US 2000 standard population and compared to U.S. 2002 age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for ethnic populations represented on Guam, except those of leukemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, were high in relation to other population groups and higher than U.S. averages. Some highlights include: 1. Chamorros had high age-adjusted mortality rates for mouth and pharynx (15.5 vs. 2.7 [corrected] U.S.), nasopharynx (9.1 vs. 0.2 U.S.), lung and bronchus (66.9 vs. 54.9 U.S.), colon-rectum-anus (28.6 vs. 19.7 U.S.), breast (32.0 vs. 28.0 U.S.) and prostate cancer (40.9 vs. 27.9 U.S.); 2. Chamorros (6.4 vs. 2.5 U.S.) and Micronesians (6.3) had high and nearly identical age-adjusted mortality rates for cancer of the mouth and pharynx when nasopharyngeal cancers were excluded; 3. Micronesians had the highest mortality rate for liver cancer over all ethnicities documented (43.5 vs. 4.9 U.S.); 4. Asians had the highest mortality rates for pancreatic (12.5 vs. 10.5 U.S.) and cervical cancer (8.5 vs. 2.6 U.S.); 5. Caucasians had the highest mortality rates for leukemia (19.9 vs. 7.5 U.S.) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (17.6 vs. 7.6 U.S.). Suggestions are made for further research on both explaining and ameliorating cancer mortality disparities among ethnic groups on Guam.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Ethnic disparities in cancer mortality among residents of Guam. 1705 33

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic cells characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursors, decreased rates of self destruction and an arrest in cellular differentiation. The bone marrow and peripheral blood accumulates all forms of mature and immature granulocytes, primarily blast cells. It is the most common type of leukemia seen in India, accounting for 30% of all leukemias. Cytogenetic analysis plays a vital and important role in the diagnosis of CML patients. The present study consists of cytogenetic evaluation of 175 CML cases from the Indian population with ages ranging from 6-86 years (mean of 42.8). The study population included 115 males (65.72%) and 60 females (34.28%) with a Male: Female ratio 1.9:1. Out of the 175 cases, 164 (93.7%) were successfully karyotyped while culture failure was observed for 11 (6.3%). Among the 164 reported cases, 53 (32.3%) showed a normal karyotype while within the 111 (67.7%) abnormal cases, 96 cases (86.5%) showed the presence of Philadelphia (Ph') chromosome with standard translocation t(9;22); Ph'+ve along with secondary aberrations was detected in 9 (8.1%) cases. Variants of Ph' chromosome were detected in only one case (0.9%). Ph'-ve CML with other chromosomal aberrations were detected in 5 (4.5%) cases, including +8, del 20q, del 11q and marker chromosome. Furthermore, we believe that availability of more advanced molecular techniques can be used as a supportive tool in CML diagnosis even though it cannot fully replace cytogenetics, which remains the backbone for laboratory investigation of the disease.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cytogenetic investigation in chronic myeloid leukemia: study from an Indian population. 1705 36

Although risk factors for leukemia have been invastigated in numerous studies, only a few of them explain the disease etiology. Established and suspected risk factors for leukemia can be classified as familial, genetic , environmental (benzene, high dose ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutics, electromagnetic fields) and lifestyle (smoking, obesity, dietary intake). Prevention of leukemia may be possible by avoiding exposure to risk factors associated with leukemia such as smoking, benzene exposure and high dose ionizing radiation. To explain the etiology of all leukemias and develop preventive methods for the disease, future studies are needed.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Risk factors and primary prevention of acute leukemia. 1725 Apr 19

Many investigators have studied the effects of Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Fields generated by ordinary and domestic power lines, as a risk factor in acute leukaemias of children, but there are limited information available regarding very high voltage overhead power lines. Children in developing countries sometimes live very close to such structures and we have registered several patients with acute leukaemias appearing in clusters. In the present study we have analyzed 60 consecutively diagnosed patients with acute leukaemias, and 59 matched controls in a provincial capital city in North-Western Iran. After provision of consent, a detailed form was filled in, and a visit to the present (or previous) residential areas of both groups was arranged. The locations of the very high voltage power lines (123, 230, 400 kilo volts), were noted in each area, if present, and their distances from the houses under study were detected. The expected intensities of the Magnetic Fields (B) were calculated having the mean intensity of the electrical current and other line characteristics, by means of relevant equations. Fourteen patients in the case group (23.5%) were living near the high voltage power lines in distances < or = 500 meters. (Mean B = 0.6 microTeslas, microT). In the control group at the same distance, the figure was 2 children (3.3%) (Mean B = 0.35 microT). Statistically, the likelihood of leukaemia was increased considerably in this distance (Odds ratio (OR) = 8.67, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.74- 58.4, P value= 0.001). On the other hand 15 pts (25 %) in the leukaemia group were experiencing Magnetic fields above 0.45 microT in comparison to 5 in the control group ( 8.5% )(OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.11-12.39, P = 0.01). More children in developing countries like Iran live close to very high voltage lines, and they experience relatively more harmful effects from the Magnetic Fields, in comparison with children in developed countries. Residence near very high voltage overhead power lines, in distances < or = 500 meters, and Magnetic Fields >0.45 microT, should be considered a risk factor for the pathogenesis of acute leukaemias in children.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Acute childhood leukemias and exposure to magnetic fields generated by high voltage overhead power lines - a risk factor in Iran. 1747 75

Using the trend of age-standardized incidence rate of cancers (ASR) is inaccurate for registration with incomplete reporting, especially in developing registries. The relative age-standardized ratio (RASR) is a new measure that takes ascertainment bias of registration into account. RASR is calculated from the ASR for each cancer divided by the ASR for leukemia. Leukemia was chosen as the reference because its ASR is rather constant over time in valid registries. The adjusted relative age-standardized rate (ARASR with same unit as ASR) is calculated by multiplying the RASR for a specific cancer in a particular year by the sum of ASRs of that cancer over the years for which a trend is being determined and then dividing result by the sum of RASRs of the cancer for those years. Two likely assumptions are behind use of ARASR, first, constant ASR of leukemia over time, second, if under/over-registration occurs, it happens for all cancers to the same extent (random under/over-reporting). Using the ARASR with empirical data of valid Finnish and SEER cancer registries proved that trend of ASRs for each cancer is almost equal to its ARASR. Using trends of ARASRs instead of ASRs in a registry with incomplete data collection in first years of registration demonstrated more realistic results. In conclusion, the ARASR is more accurate than the ASR for studying cancer incidence trends in registries with incomplete reporting. ARASRs in different countries or different times are comparable since they are age-standardized. Moreover, comparison between trends of ASRs and ARASRs can be used as a test for validity of registration.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:A method to adjust for ascertainment bias in the evaluation of cancer registry data. 1747 84

Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) enables us to detect the genomic copy number alterations of cancers with high resolution. Our established array CGH platform consists of 2,304 BAC/PAC clones covering the whole genome at 1.3-mega base resolutions. Using this technique, we were thus able to reveal disease-specific genomic alterations and the candidate target genes in various lymphomas. We herein report the characteristic genomic alterations of malignant lymphomas including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL). The combined use of the array CGH data with gene expression profiling and specific gene rearrangement analyses further delineated the subtype-specific genomic alterations. For instance, we revealed that activated B-cell-like DLBCL is characterized by a gain of chromosome 3, 18q and loss of 9 p21, whereas the germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL is characterized by a gain of 2p15, 7q, and 12q. Among these genomic alterations,we found the 9 p21 loss (p16INK4a locus) to be the most aggressive type of DLBCL. Comparisons of the genome profiles of FL,both with and without BCL2 rearrangement, also revealed the existence of a unique subgroup: trisomy 3 FL. Comparison of genome profiles between acute type and lymphoma types of adult T cell lymphoma also demonstrated that acute and lymphoma types are genomically distinct subtypes, and thus may develop tumors via distinct genetic pathways. In addition to identifying disease-specific genomic alterations, we also discovered several target genes of the genomic gains and losses. Furthermore,we developed a computer algorithm to classify lymphoma diseases or subtypes on the basis of copy number gains and losses. We applied the algorithm to the classifications of DLBCL and MCL diseases and ABC and GCB subtypes. The method correctly classified the DLBCL and MCL diseases at 89%, and ABC and GCB subtypes at 83%. These results demonstrate that copy number gains and losses detected by array CGH could be used for classifying lymphomas into biologically and clinically distinct diseases or subtypes. The genomic copy number alterations detected by array CGH are therefore considered to have the potential to help diagnose or classify different disease entities and tumor subtypes.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of genomic copy number alterations of malignant lymphomas and its application for diagnosis]. 1763 30

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that involved in bio- transformation by conjugation of electrophillic compounds to glutathione. Polymorphisms within genes that encode GSTs may affect the function of the enzymes. Polymorphisms of GSTP1 at codon 105 residue forms GSTP1 active site for binding of hydrophobic electrophiles, and the Ile-Val substitution affect substrate specific catalytic activity of this enzyme and may associate with susceptibility to malignant human disease, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common leukemia in children younger than 15 years old. Genetic polymorphisms within the GSTP1 gene of childhood ALL patients were studied. In addition, the association of genetic polymorphism of GSTP1 and genetic susceptibility of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was also determined using Chi-square and Odds ratio. PCR-RFLP was used to study genetic polymorphism of GSTP1 in 100 ALL patients and 100 healthy individuals.The results show that there is no statistically significant association between each genotypes and genetic susceptibility of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR=0.92, P -value=0.886). Moreover, there is no statistically significant association between each genotypes and demographic data of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there are 2 cases of ALL with BM relapse show the polymorphic genotypes of GSTP1. It may suggest that GSTP1*V105 may be involved in relapse of ALL.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Glutathione S-transferase P1 genotypes, genetic susceptibility and outcome of therapy in thai childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1769 49

CD4+CD56+ lineage negative malignancy has recently been considered as plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) leukemia/lymphoma. We investigated immunophenotypic and functional characterizations of PDC leukemic cells in one case. Lineage markers were all negative except partially positive CD11c and positive CD117, indicating malignant cells were leukemic PDCs coexpressing myeloid and progenitor cell surface antigens. Leukemic PDCs cultured with IL-3 increased in size and expression of CD11c, CD40 and HLA-DR, although the cells cultured with IL-2 or GM-CSF showed little proliferation. Furthermore, CD40 ligation after IL-3 stimulation yielded morphological changes such as expression of dendritic process. These findings showed that malignant cells were consistent with leukemic PDCs. However, secretion of interferon-alpha was not detected in leukemic PDCs with the stimulation of CpG ODN or inactivated herpes simplex virus-1.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2007 Mar
PMID:Derivation of leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cells coexpressing a progenitor cell surface antigen, CD117, without interferon-alpha production. 1789 25

International statistics suggest lower cancer incidence in the Middle East and Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in Europe, Australia, and Canada, but little is known from the United States. This study compares cancer rates in ME population with other race/ethnic groups in California from 1988 through 2004. ME cases in California cancer registry were identified by surname and ME population was estimated from U.S. Census data. Cancer rates for ME countries was obtained from Globocan. The ME incidence rate ratios for all sites combined in male and female were 0.77 and 0.82, respectively and were statistically significant. ME rates were significantly lower for cancers of the colon, lung, skin melanoma, female breast and prostate, and were significantly higher for cancers of the stomach, liver, thyroid, leukemia, and male breast. Cancer incidence in ME population in California was 2.4 times higher than rates in home countries. Incidence trends in ME males remained fairly stable but in females shows a slight decline in recent years. Cancer incidence in ME population is lower than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black, but is higher than rates for Hispanics and Asians, and ME countries. Improved data quality, chronic infections, acculturation, and access to screening services are some of the factors responsible for the observed pattern.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cancer incidence in the Middle Eastern population of California, 1988-2004. 1815 78


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>