Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7;11)(p15;p15), was found in nine patients including eight with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one with Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis. Although a similar chromosome rearrangement has previously been reported in five patients, including three with AML and two with CML, the 7p breakpoint in some of these cases was slightly different from that detected in our patients. Notable cytogenetic and clinicohematologic findings in our patients and those reported in the literature were as follows: (a) t(7;11) occurred in myeloid leukemia, predominantly AML with subtype M2, and occasionally in other AML subtypes and in CML with or without Ph1 chromosome; (b) t(7;11) frequently occurred as the sole chromosome abnormality; (c) most patients showed a low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score; and (d) Auer rods were present in leukemic cells of most cases including Ph1-positive CML. Our findings suggest that a t(7;11)-associated leukemia constitutes a subgroup of myeloid malignancy involving maturing leukemic cells.
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PMID:Reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7p-;11p+), associated with myeloid leukemia with maturation. 347 4

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare leukemia, which is now included in myelodysplastic syndromes. In a small number of patients with CMML, problems in the diagnosis have been reported, especially when atypical morphological features in both monocytic and granulocytic cells due to dysmyelopoiesis are prominent, or when cytochemical characteristics are lost in the leukemic cells. The case history of a sixty-seven year-old male patient with CMML is described. The diagnosis of CMML in the patient was supported by the following evidence: chronic course of his disease; increased monocyte-like cells without other cause; normocytic anemia; immature granulocytic cells with hypogranular feature and giant platelets were observed in the peripheral blood. The bone marrow showed myeloid hyperplasia. Serum muramidase and vitamin B12 levels were increased, while neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was low in the peripheral blood. Ph' chromosome was negative. The monocyte-like cells completely lacked nonspecific esterase. However the cells were confirmed as monocytic cells by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to monocytes (OKM5).
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PMID:Report of a case with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: demonstration of leukemic monocytes lacking nonspecific esterase by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. 350 52

The leukemic cells from 15 cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemia were immunophenotyped by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical technic using nine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) reactive with various myeloid or lymphoid antigens. On the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) reactivity, and electron microscopy, five of the cases had been classified as lymphoid; eight, myeloid; one, mixed myeloid-lymphoid; and one, undifferentiated. The blasts from all five lymphoid cases were reactive with lymphocyte differentiation antigen MoAb, and four of five reacted with MoAb to anti-common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA) (BA3). The blasts from all eight myeloid cases were reactive with MY7, a marker of myelomonocytic differentiation. Some of the blasts from three of the eight myeloid cases reacted with HP1-1D and AP3, markers of megakaryocytic differentiation; megakaryocyte differentiation was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the case classified as mixed myeloid-lymphoid, the blasts showed morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity; ultrastructural studies demonstrated lymphoid, basophil, and erythroid differentiation. The blasts from the case classified as undifferentiated were immunophenotypically heterogeneous. In all cases in which the leukemic cells were also immunophenotyped by flow cytometry, the results correlated well with those obtained by the APAAP technic. The APAAP technic is a reliable method for immunophenotyping leukemias. Advantages of this method include its applicability to routinely prepared blood and bone marrow smears and cytocentrifuge preparations, lack of endogenous peroxidase background staining, and a permanent record.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody study of Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukemias using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technic. 351 97

Immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining (by the APAAP technique) has been used to identify promegakaryoblasts in cell smears from 10 cases of leukaemia (three acute leukaemia, seven blast transformations). In all cases promegakaryoblasts were labelled by at least two anti-platelet glycoprotein (gp) antibodies, the highest percentages being obtained with anti-gp IIIa (antibody C17). HLA-DR was expressed by a variable percentage of neoplastic cells in all cases, the T11 (CD2) antigen (sheep red cell receptor) in four of seven cases tested and the p150,95 antigen in three of the six cases tested. In some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia APAAP staining of blood smears revealed circulating promegakaryoblasts and micromegakaryocytes (which superficially resemble small lymphoid cells). It is concluded that immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of cell smears offers a convenient means of diagnosing acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in the routine laboratory.
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PMID:Detection of cells of megakaryocyte lineage in haematological malignancies by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling cell smears with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. 354 80

I am proposing a theory which states that stimulation of the immune system at birth detects and destroys embryonic cells or components thereof, including subcellular pattern defects, molecular structure defects and so forth which may be the source of malignancy not only in infancy but throughout life. The facts are that: Fetal rests or stigmata thereof remain in many of the organs of the body--the liver, the kidney, the spleen, the brain and so forth. These rests are usually absorbed by the end of the first year of life, but recent evidence indicates that stigmata of this fetal tissue may remain throughout one's entire life and be precursors of cancer. In animals and in humans, the antigens from malignant neoplasms crossreact with anti-fetal antibodies. Many tumors express fetal antigens and secrete fetal products. Alpha-feto-protein was found in adult cancer of the liver; carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) has been reported in cancer of the colon-rectum; fetal alkaline phosphatase has been found in many adult cancers. Fetal tissue injected into animals will immunize these animals against certain transplanted tumors. Recently, in a lecture at Salk Institute, Sir Peter Medawar, Nobel Prize winner in medicine and until recently the head of the British Medical Research Council, described the use of quasi-fetal tissue as helpful in treating cancer of the adult. The infant's immune system is not fully developed. In fact, one can transfuse an infant without typing because he has built no antibodies to the blood types in early infancy. It has been shown in individuals of any age who are immune-deficient, either by heredity or acquired that the rate of malignancy may be as high as 10,000 times that of the general population. The immune system controls cancer development to a great extent. Published data suggests that the immune system detects and destroys embryonic cells or components thereof that may be a locus for cancer development. Our studies demonstrated that in some 85,353 BCG vaccinated newborns followed over a period of 20 years, there was an overall 74 percent reduction in the death rate from all forms of cancer when compared to a similar group not vaccinated. The differences were highly significant statistically. At an International Symposium, "BCG Vaccination Against Cancer and Leukemia" held in Chicago October 4-6, 1982, papers were presented from the U.S.A. (83), Austria (7), and Israel (54) which support the thesis of a lowering of mortality from cancer and leukemia in infants vaccinated at birth with BCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer precursors and their control by BCG. 359 46

The activity of lysosomatic enzymes, i.e.: alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucoronidase, lysozyme and non-specific alfa-esterase in the organic lymphocytes and in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood were determined. It was found that the disorders of intracellular distribution of enzymes are the evidence of destabilization of lysozymes membrane with the following translocation of alkaline hydrolases into cytoplasm. There were observed the debilitation of the protective possibilities and the decrease of unspecific immunological resistance of leukaemia lymphocytes.
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PMID:[Lysosomal enzymes in lymphocytes in experimental lymphatic leukemia in mice]. 362 Mar 79

We studied changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained before, during, and after recombinant alpha 2b-interferon (IFN-alpha 2b) therapy in 25 patients with hairy cell leukemia. During therapy, only 1 patient showed no improvement in at least one of the parameters monitored. Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia resolved in 19/20, 14/15, and 17/18 patients, respectively. In 18/21 patients with Hb less than 12g/dl before treatment, the anemia became less severe. Hairy cells disappeared or decreased in numbers in the peripheral blood in all patients. In the bone marrow, numbers of hairy cells decreased and numbers of granulocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells increased usually within 3-6 months after the start of therapy. In no patient were hairy cells ever completely absent from the bone marrow. After cessation of IFN-alpha, the median Hb value, WBC, and platelet counts changed little for up to 12 months, but the absolute neutrophil count and absolute monocyte count decreased. Hairy cells reappeared in the peripheral blood of three patients. In the bone marrow the percentage of hairy cells increased, whereas the percentage of granulocytic and erythroid cells decreased. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores were abnormally high in 18/18 patients studied prior to IFN-alpha, but became normal in 17 of these during therapy and were normal in seven first studied during therapy. The median NAP score doubled by 3 months after cessation of therapy and was abnormal in 17/19 patients followed for 6 months. NAP score may be useful in predicting changes in the bone marrow in patients treated with IFN-alpha. We did not find any parameter in the pretherapy specimens that would have allowed us to predict individual response.
Leukemia 1987 Apr
PMID:Changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens during and after alpha 2b-interferon therapy for hairy cell leukemia. 366 60

A fluorimetric assay for lipase activity has been optimized for measurement of the enzyme in human neutrophils. Activity was maximal at acid (4.5) and alkaline (9.5) pH, although there was also a neutral peak of activity at pH 6.5. Neutrophils were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The gradient fractions were assayed for acid, neutral and alkaline lipase activity and for the principal organelle marker enzymes. Neutral lipase showed a unimodal distribution with an equilibrium density of 1.19 g . cm-3, corresponding to the distribution of particulate leucine aminopeptidase. Acid and alkaline lipase activities showed very similar distribution profiles to each other with both soluble components and a broad peak of particulate activity. The broad modal density of 1.19-1.22 g . cm-3 suggests that acid and alkaline lipase activities could be localised to more than one population of cytoplasmic granule. Fractionation experiments with neutrophils homogenised in sucrose medium containing digitonin confirmed the localisation of neutral lipase and leucine aminopeptidase to the same cytoplasmic granule, and suggested that at least part of the acid lipase activity was localised to the specific granule. No lipase activity could be attributed to the alkaline phosphatase-containing granule. Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The specific activity of acid, neutral and alkaline lipase, and leucine aminopeptidase, in contrast to that of alkaline phosphatase, were similar in the three patient groups.
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PMID:Subcellular localization and properties of lipase activities in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 385 60

Diaziquone (AZQ), a new lipid-soluble antitumor agent, was given by 15-30-minute infusion on a daily X 5 schedule to 47 children with refractory solid tumors and leukemia. The starting daily dose of 6 mg/m2 was escalated to 10 and 35 mg/m2 in patients with solid tumors and leukemia, respectively. In patients with solid tumors, myelosuppression was dose-limiting at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2. In patients with leukemia, prolonged pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia were observed at daily doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/m2. At these higher doses, significant hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis was also seen. Corresponding increases of transaminases or alkaline phosphatase and significant hemolysis were not noted. The maximum tolerated dose for this daily dose schedule was 9 mg/m2 in children with solid tumors and 25 mg/m2 in children with relapsed leukemia. Responses to AZQ included stabilization of disease in osteosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, pinealoma, and ependymoma. A patient with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis converted back to the chronic phase. A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a substantial decrease in cerebrospinal fluid blast count. Bone marrow aplasia was achieved in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia; however, remissions were not achieved. A phase II study of AZQ in children with refractory malignancies is now being performed by the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
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PMID:Phase I clinical evaluation of diaziquone in childhood cancer. 385 80

A 38-year-old woman developed chronic myeloid leukaemia after 2 years of lithium carbonate therapy. A peculiar feature of her leukaemia, as well as of the 5 patients previously reported in whom CML has developed in the course of lithium therapy, was the unusually high degree of granulocyte maturation manifested in normal leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score and, in 1 case, selective increase of transcobalamin III. Although a cause and effect relation between lithium therapy and CML has not yet been established, in view of the stimulatory effect of lithium on granulocyte proliferation, such treatment should be avoided in patients with established myeloproliferative disorders, or in patients at high risk of developing leukaemia.
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PMID:Increased leucocyte alkaline phosphatase and transcobalamin III in chronic myeloid leukaemia associated with lithium therapy. 385 3


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