UMLS:C0023418 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphocyte subpopulations in human cord blood have been examined using monoclonal antibodies, visualized with immunogold. The proportions of T11, T4, T8, and B1 cells in cord blood are very similar to values in adult peripheral blood. Some evidence of lymphocyte immaturity in cord blood is suggested by the presence of 12% CALLA-positive cells and the sum of T4 and T8 cells significantly exceeding the number of T11 cells; however, there were no TdT-positive cells. The presence of CALLA-positive lymphocytes in normal cord blood should be borne in mind when investigating blood smears from neonates for congenital leukemia.
...
PMID:Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in human cord blood using the immunogold staining technique. 244 85

A case of acute leukemia with atypical malignant cells is reported. The clinical picture and coagulation studies were consistent with a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Morphologically, the leukemic cells from the peripheral blood and bone marrow showed azurophilic granules. More than 80% of cells were hypergranulated, resembling the macrogranular type of promyelocytes. Ultrastructural studies and the pattern of endogenous peroxidase were consistent with the microgranular type of promyelocytes in about 20% of the leukemic cells. Auer bodies were present in both types of atypical promyelocytes. Cytochemically, the whole malignant population exhibited intense peroxidase activity. Studies with monoclonal antibodies showed that about 45% of the proliferating cells expressed T-cell markers T3, T4, T8 and T11, but the cells were not reactive with OKM1 monoclonal antibodies. The chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia was inefficient, and the prompt disappearance of the blood abnormalities was observed only when chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was started. Therefore, it seems that in some cases of leukemia with hybrid types of malignant cells the morphological features determine the clinical picture, while the patient's response to the therapy is conditioned mainly by the cell surface phenotype.
...
PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia with T-cell markers and particular response to treatment. Report of a case. 249 88

Pretreatment peripheral and/or bone marrow blasts from 14 patients with acute unclassifiable leukemia (AUL) expressing myeloid related cell-surface antigen (CDII) or megakaryocyte-platelet related cell-surface antigen (OKM6), were isolated for further analysis in this study. Among 11 cases of CD11+AUL, despite a lack of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, one patient's blasts possessed Auer rod in a basophilic cytoplasm and another one's blasts expressed MPO maintaining the same surface phenotype after 20 months of his clinical course. The blast from 2 cases possessed both myelomonocytic and monocyte-specific antigens on the cell-surface, whereas the remaining nine cases completely lacked monocyte-specific antigen which is detectable by monoclonal antibodies, Mo2, My4 and Leu M3 (CD14). In addition, we revealed the presence of MPO protein in the cytoplasm of 3 cases of AUL patients by cytoplasmic immunofluorescence test utilizing monoclonal antibody (MA1). Following these results, the former was diagnosed as acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) and the latter as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by immunophenotypic analysis using flow cytometry (FACS IV) and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence test. We have also described three cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia which were demonstrated by the presence of megakaryocyte-platelet-related cell-surface antigens detected by utilizing flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies in addition to both the PPO activity which was shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry, and the emergence of differentiation antigens while culturing these leukemic cells. The blast of 1 case possessed both platelet GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa cell-surface antigens detected by 5F1 (CD36), AN51 (CDw42), and J15, P2 and HPL2 (CDw41), respectively, whereas the remaining two cases almont lacked the GPIb cell-surface antigen. Hence, the former was diagnosed as immature (pro) megakaryocytic leukemia and the latter as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia from the viewpoint of immunophenotypic analysis as will be discussed in this article. These leukemic blasts did not express both T-cell lineage antigens which are detectable by monoclonal antibodies, T6 (CD1), T11 (CD2), T3 (CD3), T4 (CD4), T1 (CD5), Tp40, Leu9 (CD7), T8 (CD8), and B-cell lineage antigens which are detectable by monoclonal antibodies, B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21) and J5 (CD10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
...
PMID:[Flow cytometric analysis of myeloperoxidase negative acute unclassifiable leukemias by monoclonal antibodies. Acute myelogenous and acute megakaryocytic leukemia]. 254 Dec 76

The cell surface marker profile and functional analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 11 Japanese adult T cell leukemia patients were studied. The phenotypic analysis of Japanese adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells by a series of 13 monoclonal antibodies showed that all ATL cells are anti-T4 reactive but some differ in their expression of T3, T11, and T12 antigens. Thus, considerable phenotypic heterogeneity exists in these populations of leukemia cells. When analyzed in functional assays, ATL cells were suppressive when added to a pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) driven Ig synthesis system. However, the suppression mechanism seemed to be more complex than originally conceived. ATL cells examined in this study seem to function mainly as an inducer of suppressor cells, and as such, activate normal T8 precursors of suppressor cells rather than function as suppressor effector cells. In addition, no evidence was obtained to suggest that suppression of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis was mediated by natural killer (NK) activity of ATL cells. Rather, ATL cells seem to be markedly deficient in NK activity. These studies suggest that the majority of ATL cells tested are representative of and seem to be the leukemic counterparts of the T4+ suppressor inducer subset.
...
PMID:Functional and phenotypic studies of Japanese adult T cell leukemia cells. 285 96

We studied the change in cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the peripheral blood leukemic cells from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients stimulated by anti-T3 (CD3) or anti-T11 (CD2) antibodies in order to see whether there is an abnormal response in the early activation processes following T3 or T11 antigen stimulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from four T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) patients showed a rapid and clear increase in [Ca2+]i (from 165 +/- 26 nM to more than 299 nM) when stimulated by OKT3 antibody and anti-mouse IgG antibody. This response was comparable to that of PBMC from 10 normal individuals (from 151 +/- 20 nM to 252 +/- 34 nM). In contrast, PBMC from 10 ATL patients showed only a slight increase in [Ca2+]i (from 137 +/- 21 nM to 176 +/- 32 nM) following T3 stimulation. The experiments with higher concentrations of OKT3 antibody suggested that this attenuated increase in [Ca2+]i in ATL cells was not exclusively due to impaired expression of T3 antigen. The [Ca2+]i increase in ATL cells induced by the stimulation with two anti-T11 antibodies recognizing different epitopes of the T11 antigen, however, was comparable to that of normal PBMC. The abnormal response of [Ca2+]i to the T-cell receptor/T3 antigen stimulation in ATL may be related to dysfunction or leukemogenesis of HTLV-I-infected cells.
...
PMID:Increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration initiated by T3 antigen stimulation is imparied in adult T-cell leukemia cells. 289 98

A 27-year-old male patient with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) developed atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia with increasing bone marrow infiltration in the absence of organomegaly. One-third of the leukemia cells expressed a mature suppressor/cytotoxic T cell phenotype (T3+ T4- T6- T8+ T10-), two-thirds demonstrated additional helper/inducer T cell-associated antigens (T3+ T4+ T6- T8+ T10-), and a small fraction reacted with a natural killer (NK) cell-specific monoclonal antibody (Leu 11+). The proliferative response to stimulation in vitro with lectins and various monoclonal antibodies resembled the proliferation pattern of mature thymocytes: The cells responded to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), stimulation of the T3-Ti receptor complex with Sepharose-bound anti-T3, and stimulation of the sheep erythrocyte receptor protein with anti-T11(2) and anti-T11(3) in conjunction with exogenous interleukin-2 (IL 2); they failed, however, to proliferate after stimulation with anti-T11(2) and anti-T11(3) alone. There was no response in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and no suppression of the MLR between two healthy donors. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and NK activity could not be demonstrated. Cytogenetic analysis revealed complex clonal aberrations, including an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 concerning bands q21-31, loss of chromosome 20, and loss of the Y chromosome. Cytostatic chemotherapy was of little use and caused serious side effects, whereas leukapheresis proved effective in reducing the tumor load. The clinical data and laboratory findings in this case correspond to three previously described patients with AT who developed chronic T cell leukemia. Thus, in adult patients with AT, malignant proliferation of cytogenetically marked and phenotypically heterogeneous mature T cells seems to be a frequent complication.
...
PMID:Chronic T cell leukemia with unusual cellular characteristics in ataxia telangiectasia. 294

A clone of the interleukin 2-producing Jurkat leukemia cell line termed JA3 (surface phenotype, T3+, Ti+, T44+, T11+, T40+) has been used to induce and select cell variants lacking surface molecules involved in T-cell activation. Following 200 rad of gamma-radiation (1 rad = 0.01 Gy), cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to T3, Ti, T44, or T11 antigen and complement. After growth of the residual cells in culture, "negative" cells were cloned under limiting conditions. Depending on the specificity of the mAb used for the immunoselection, three groups of variants were obtained. (i) The use of mAbs directed to T3 or Ti resulted in cell variants that expressed the T3 Ti- T44+ Leu1+ T11+ T40+ 4F2+ HLA class I+ surface phenotype. (ii) Immunoselection with anti-T44 mAb resulted in 2 variants that shared the T3- Ti- T44- Leu1- T11+ T40+ 4F2+ HLA class I+ phenotype. (iii) Cell treatment with anti-T11 mAb resulted in 15 variants characterized by the lack of T11 antigen expression and of all the other T-cell-specific surface antigens. Therefore, it appears that the different sets of JA3 cell variants, like T cells at discrete stages of intrathymic differentiation, may follow a coordinated expression of surface differentiation antigens. Analysis of the functional responsiveness of the three distinct groups of JA3 cell variants to different stimuli showed that all produced interleukin 2 in response to A23187 calcium ionophore plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The first group of variants (T3- Ti-) did not respond to stimulation with anti-T3, anti-Ti, or anti-T44 mAbs. Eight of 9 did not respond to phytohemagglutinin either; however, all responded to appropriate stimulatory combinations of anti-T11 mAbs (and to calcium ionophore). The second group of variants (T3-, Ti-, T44-, T11+), similar to the first group, did not respond to anti-T3, anti-Ti, anti-T44 mAbs, and phytohemagglutinin, but they were fully responsive to anti-T11 mAb. The last group of variants (lacking all the T-cell-specific surface antigens) only responded to calcium ionophore A23187.
...
PMID:Selection and characterization of T-cell variants lacking molecules involved in T-cell activation (T3 T-cell receptor, T44, and T11): analysis of the functional relationship among different pathways of activation. 295 35

A human leukemia cell line (TALL-101) was established from the bone marrow of a patient with an undifferentiated acute T cell leukemia using the conditioned medium (CM) of the human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) II-transformed human cell line J-LB1. Immunofluorescence analysis on the original leukemic cells indicated the presence of T cell markers (Leu-1, Tdt, and T11); however, the established TALL-101 cell line expressed only antigens commonly present on progenitor cells, thymocytes, and myelomonocytic cells, but not on mature T cells. A high percentage of TALL-101 cells displayed the Tac antigen which was down-regulated upon incubation in the presence of recombinant human (rH) interleukin 2 (IL 2). Interferon (IFN)-gamma induced the appearance of class II histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA) and of a T cell marker (3A1), and enhanced the expression of transferrin receptors on these cells. Further evidence for a T cell lineage of the TALL-101 cell line was provided by both chromosomic and genotypic analysis showing a translocation in chromosome 14 typical of T cell leukemias, and a rearrangement of the T-beta receptor locus. The growth-promoting activity in the J-LB1-CM was identified as granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF), a growth factor which stimulates proliferation of normal myelomonocytic cells and other progenitor cells, but not known to have an effect on T cells. Dose response curves of [3H]thymidine incorporation and growth indicated that TALL-101 cells were sensitive to very low concentrations of rHGM-CSF, 5 ng/ml inducing maximal proliferation in chemically defined medium. The TALL-101 cell line is strictly GM-CSF-dependent for growth: upon depletion of GM-CSF from the culture medium, the cells stop proliferating immediately and die within 1 to 2 wk. The overall data, showing that GM-CSF is able to support the growth of a highly undifferentiated T cell leukemia, strongly suggests that this factor might have similar growth promoting effects on other immature T cell leukemias, and possibly, on normal T cell progenitors.
...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of an undifferentiated human T leukemia cell line which requires granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor for growth. 295 97

The clinical significance of a low percentage of myeloperoxidase-positive blast cells in childhood acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia was determined. Of 155 consecutive cases studied by cytochemical staining methods, 14 were characterized by 4% to 15% (median 6%) myeloperoxidase-positive blasts. All 14 cases showed reactivity to Sudan black B stain, and 7 had Auer rods. The morphological subtypes of leukemia were M1 (8 cases), M2 (3), M4 (1), and M5 (2). Immunological marker studies disclosed the lymphoid-associated T11 antigen on cells from 8 of the 11 cases tested. Other lymphoid-related findings in these 8 cases included the T3 antigen and E rosette formation in 1 case each. Among cases that were prospectively studied for the expression of lymphoid-associated markers, 6 of 8 with low levels of myeloperoxidase positivity compared with only 1 of 44 with higher levels (greater than 15%) possessed such features (P less than 0.001). We conclude that low levels of myeloperoxidase reactivity distinguish cases of acute leukemia in which the blast cells coexpress lymphoid (T11 antigen) and myeloid markers.
...
PMID:Clinical significance of low levels of myeloperoxidase positivity in childhood acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. 303 78

A novel surface molecule, Tp90, is described which appears to be involved in an antigen-independent pathway of human T lymphocyte activation. The Tp90 molecule was identified by a monoclonal antibody (mAb), MX20, obtained from a fusion using spleen cells of a mouse immunized with cells from two T cell leukemia lines, Jurkat and HPB-ALL. Biochemical data show that Tp90 is distinct and physically independent from the structures already known to be involved in T cell activation, namely T11, T44 or T3/TCR. These results were confirmed by antibody-induced antigen modulation experiments. Modulation of Tp90 had no effect on the expression of T3 and of the T cell receptor. Conversely, the expression of Tp90 was not affected by modulation of the T3/TCR molecular complex by either anti-T3 or anti-TCR antibody. Functional studies showed that anti-Tp90 mAb MX20 induced high levels of interleukin 2 production in Jurkat cells. Modulation of the T3/TCR complex significantly decreased the response of Jurkat cells to stimulation by antibody MX20, suggesting that the T3/TCR complex regulates the ability of the Tp90 molecule to induce IL 2 synthesis. In addition to its effect on Jurkat cells, anti-Tp90 mAb was found to be mitogenic for peripheral blood T cells. As the magnitude of the proliferative response elicited by anti-Tp90 mAb was lower than that induced by anti-T3 mAb, the possibility was considered that only a subpopulation of T cells is reactive with anti-Tp90. Indeed as determined by FACS analyses, only 3-14% of E-rosette-positive cells were stained with mAb MX20. In addition, multicolor flow cytometry analysis showed that the Tp90+ cells belong preferentially to the CD8 subset.
...
PMID:A novel 90-kDa polypeptide (Tp90) possibly involved in an antigen-independent pathway of T cell activation. 303 40

1 2 3 4 Next >>