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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied phenotypic and clinical features in a consecutive series of 45 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in blast crisis (BC). In addition, in 22 of these patients we have analysed the genotypic characteristics including immunoglobulin, T-cell receptor (TCR) and major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) gene organization. The granulomonocytic and megakaryoblastic lineages are the most commonly involved in these BC of CML (33% and 33% of cases, respectively); only 18% of our cases displayed a lymphoid phenotype. Moreover, both morphological and immunophenotypic studies revealed the frequent coexistence of two or three cell populations, especially when the megakaryoblast component is involved. The lymphoid BC displayed the highest incidence of complete remissions although this was not associated with a longer survival. Only minor differences between the different myeloid subgroups were observed. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement was found in five of the six lymphoid BC and in one myeloid BC. Only one case showed k light chain gene rearrangement. In all but one myeloid BC the TCR-beta gene was in germline configuration. The TCR-gamma gene was rearranged in all lymphoid and one myeloid BC, while TCR-delta gene rearrangement was detected in 67% and 16% of the lymphoid and myeloid BC, respectively. Most of the lymphoid BC (4/5) had the M-bcr breakpoint in subregion 3, while the myeloid BC had the breakpoint either in subregion 2 or 3. No differences between the different myeloid phenotypic subgroups were observed in relation to breakpoint.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic, genomic and clinical characteristics of blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. 175 68

Cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis in a female patient with chronic B-cell leukemia showed a single abnormal clone with a 4p+ abnormality, 46,XX, -4, +der(4)t(4;?)(p16;?). Six additional clones evolved from this clone during the following 4 1/2 years and showed 3p+, 4p-, and 11q- chromosomes in addition to the 4p+ abnormality. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement studies showed two rearranged bands and a faint germline band. Following splenectomy, a strong germline and faint rearranged bands were seen, suggesting that the majority of cells were normal, whereas cytogenetic studies showed that the karyotypically abnormal cells were still present. The combination of cytogenetic and Ig gene rearrangement studies provides detailed information regarding the number of circulating normal and leukemic cells.
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PMID:Complex karyotypic evolution in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 175 97

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) variable region (VH) genes are rearranged and expressed in a programmed manner during B-cell development. In common with foetal/pre-immune B-cells, malignant B-lymphoid populations preferentially use a restricted repertoire of developmentally regulated VH genes. By nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified IgH genes, we have compared the repertoire of VH1 family genes that are rearranged in mature, CD5+ B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with that in immature, CD5-B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The results revealed a non-random pattern pf VH1 usage in which no single VH1 family member was common to each of these disease groups. The VH1 gene, 51P1, which underlies an auto-antibody associated cross-reactive idiotype, 'G6', frequently expressed on foetal B-cells, was preferentially rearranged in CLL (three of nine rearranged alleles). Another developmentally regulated VH1 gene, 20P3, accounted for more than half of the VH1 specific IgH gene rearrangements in ALL (five of nine VH1 alleles). Such developmentally restricted VH1 genes may distinguish discrete, although not necessarily exclusive, stages or compartments in B-lymphopoiesis from which each of these disease types arise.
Leukemia 1991 Aug
PMID:Preferential rearrangement of developmentally regulated immunoglobulin VH1 genes in human B-lineage leukaemias. 190 8

Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement serves as a marker of cell lineage and clonality in B lymphoproliferative disorders. We have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene amplification to detect immunoglobulin gene rearrangements involving VH251, a heavy chain variable region preferentially utilized in B lymphoproliferative disorders. Using synthetic amplimers derived from VH251 and the heavy chain joining region, under conditions of high stringency, a homogeneous VH251-specific fragment of approximately 350 bp could be amplified from leukaemic DNA. Of 53 cases of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia screened for VH251 rearrangement by PCR, 10 were positive. A background level of VH251 rearrangement could also be amplified from normal peripheral blood and bone marrow DNA, but a VH251 rearranged leukaemic clone representing 0.01% of bone marrow mononuclear cells could be readily detected. The application of PCR to detect immunoglobulin gene rearrangement involving VH251 and potentially other preferentially utilized V regions provides a sensitive method both for tracking malignant B cells and for the study of normal B cell developmental pathways through which B lineage malignancies arise.
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PMID:Detection of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in B lymphoid malignancies by polymerase chain reaction gene amplification. 233 34

Leukemic blasts from 40 consecutively admitted adults with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were examined for myeloid surface antigen expression. Of these, 14 (35%) were reactive with one or more myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Each example of myeloid surface antigen-positive (My+ ALL) met the standard morphologic and cytochemical criteria for ALL. In addition, none of the 13 samples studied for ultrastructural evidence of myeloperoxidase met the criteria for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). All patient samples reacted with lymphoid monoclonal antibodies: CD10+ (8 patients), CD19+ CD10- (2 patients), T cell+ (2 patients), and T cell+ CD10+ (2 patients). Coexpression of myeloid and lymphoid determinants was established by two-color immunofluorescence studies using flow cytometry in five of five samples analyzed. Cytogenetic abnormalities that have been associated with myeloid and mixed leukemias were common, including t(9;22), 7q-, abnormalities of 11q with or without a translocation, 20q-, and -5. Blasts from seven patients were studied at the molecular level. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements were detected in five of five samples with B cell+ T cell- phenotypes. One sample that was T cell+ CD10+ was germline for the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the T cell receptor gamma- and beta-chain genes. The other patient with T cell+ CD10+ blasts relapsed with AML following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The leukemia cells at the time of diagnosis and the cells at relapse demonstrated similar cytogenetics and the same immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, suggesting a clonal relationship. As a group, the My+ ALL patients had a significantly decreased complete remission rate when compared to My- ALL patients. Further studies at the molecular level will be required to determine the significance of karyotype abnormalities in My+ ALL.
Leukemia 1989 Nov
PMID:Myeloid surface antigen-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (My+ ALL): immunophenotypic, ultrastructural, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. 281 78

Bilineage differentiation along both the T lymphoid and the myeloid lineage while in in vivo diffusion chamber (DC) and in vitro suspension culture was observed in a case of acute unclassified leukemia (null-AL) and t(4;17). Prior to culture, the blast cells were TdT and la positive but did not express any lineage-specific antigenic markers. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor beta-chain genes were in germline configuration. Cytogenetically, all metaphases had the unique translocation t(4;17) (q25;q23) prior to and after culture, supporting the leukemic origin of the cells. During both DC culture and suspension culture with and without tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA), a substantial increase in the absolute and relative number of cells expressing both myeloid and T lymphoid antigenic markers occurred. Double-fluorescence analysis demonstrated the expression of antigenic markers of both lineages on the same population of cells, and electron microscopy revealed the induction of myeloperoxidase after both DC and suspension culture. Immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor beta-chain genes remained in germline configuration after treatment with TPA, when analyzed with JH and CT beta probes, respectively. These findings indicate that this case represents a null-AL with dual-lineage capabilities, which has probably arisen from the malignant transformation of a bipotential stem cell of lymphoid and myeloid progeny.
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PMID:Human acute unclassified leukemia with a unique t(4;17) chromosomal translocation expresses T lymphoid and myeloid surface antigens after in vitro culture. 309 22

This report describes the geno- and immunophenotypic analysis of the Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines HDLM-2, KM-H2, and L-428. The lines were all positive for the antigens CD15 (Leu-M1), CD30 (Ki-1), Hefi-1 (antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody produced against L-428), HLA class I and II, and activation/proliferation markers. The cells from all 3 cell lines lacked almost all cell lineage-associated/specific markers: HDLM-2 was only CD2+, KM-H2 was only CD9+ and CD21+, and L-428 was negative for all the specific markers tested. Genomic analysis of HDLM-2 cells revealed monoclonal rearrangements of T cell receptor beta and gamma loci and germ line configuration of immunoglobulin genes. Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were rearranged in KM-H2 and L-428. These data suggest a possible lymphoid origin for HDLM-2, KM-H2, and L-428. Although the data presented do not provide formal proof of a lymphoid nature of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and do not unequivocally exclude a derivation from other hematopoietic cells, extrapolation of the results from the in vitro cultures to the in vivo situation suggests a lymphoid (T or B cell) origin of these cells.
Leukemia 1988 Jun
PMID:Genotypes and immunophenotypes of Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. 313 96

Rearrangement of the beta and gamma chain genes of the TCR gene complex and of the Ig heavy chain genes were examined in three cases of childhood acute mixed lineage leukaemia. Blast cells, classified morphologically as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in one child and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in the other two, all co-expressed markers associated with both T (CD7, TdT) and myeloid (CD33) cells. Cytogenetic analysis detected abnormalities associated with myeloid leukaemia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were not rearranged in two patients but a novel rearrangement was seen in the third. No rearrangement of the beta or gamma chains of the T-cell receptor complex were seen. Acute mixed lineage leukaemia may thus arise from a pluripotent precursor cell capable of both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation.
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PMID:Rearrangement of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in childhood acute mixed lineage leukaemia. 314 5

Immunoglobulin heavy chain expression and reactivity of monoclonal antibodies RFA-1, -2, -3, -4 and OKT10 discriminate between majority B lymphocyte populations in the bone marrow and in peripheral lymphoid organs. In this study normal tissues and various B cell malignancies were studied in cell suspensions and tissue sections. Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and multiple myeloma apparently reflect the phenotypes on normal B lineage cells of the bone marrow, while centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma, B chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) and prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) show the characteristics of distinct peripheral B lymphoid subsets found at different sites in the lymphoid tissue. These 'normal equivalent' cells are centroblasts and centrocytes in the germinal centre. CLL-like cells at the edge of the germinal centre (a minority population) and strongly Ig positive cells in the lymphocyte corona. Malignant cells in macroglobulinaemia are apparently more closely related to PLL and the corresponding normal peripheral B cells (in the corona) than to myeloma cells or the equivalent normal plasma cells in the bone marrow.
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PMID:Normal equivalent cells of B cell malignancies: analysis with monoclonal antibodies. 634 13

Cytogenetic analysis of unstimulated cultures from a female patient with chronic B-cell leukemia (CLL) revealed three cytogenetically distinct clones, suggesting that the patient's leukemia was oligoclonal. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement studies revealed 1 germline and 4 rearranged bands, indicative of an oligoclonal leukemic population. Further evidence of oligoclonality was provided by X-linked RFLP studies. This is the first report of oligoclonality in CLL demonstrated by cytogenetic, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, and X-chromosome inactivation studies. In addition to oligoclonality, the patient's leukemic cells exhibited telomere association, a Robertsonian translocation, and clonal evolution, suggesting an underlying genomic instability.
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PMID:Oligoclonal B-cell leukemia characterized by spontaneous cell division and telomere association. 769 Nov 59


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