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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelets of patients with thrombocytosis following splenectomy, in chronic granulocytic leukaemia and in polycythaemia vera were separated into five fractions by centrifugation in discontinuous Ficoll density gradient. Platelet volume, content of protein and enzyme activities of lactic dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were distinctly higher for the three groups in the heavy fraction IV compared with the light fraction I. With regard to the platelet volume, however, these differences were compensated almost completely like in the normal persons.
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PMID:[Enzyme activities in platelets of different specific gravity in thrombocytosis of various etiology (author's transl)]. 27 77

The presence of H-2-linked gene products on spermatozoa and their time of appearance during spermatogenesis was determined. Thymus leukaemia antigen specificities 1, 2 and 3 could not be detected on spermatozoa by absorption of the antisera. Immunofluorescent studies with anti-Slp sera did not reveal any specific reactivity with target spermatozoa. In contrast, H-2D antigens were present on somatic as well as germ line components in testes so the time of their first appearance during spermatogenesis could not be precisely specified. Cell separation experiments indicate that H-2D antigens are present on pachytene spermatocytes and increased in quantity on spermatids. The sperm-specific isoenzyme of phosphoglycerate kinase, Pgk-2, appears at a later stage of spermatogenesis than do the H-2 region antigens.
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PMID:Gene expression of a region of chromosome 17 during murine spermatogenesis. 92 52

The value of the hypervariable X-linked probe M27 beta for use in the analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in normal blood and bone marrow cells and in the assessment of clonality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells has been determined. By electrophoresing samples for 30 h, heterozygosity of the M27 beta locus was demonstrable in 324/415 females (78%) and this value could be increased to 93% by electrophoresing for 50 h. Determination of the X-chromosome inactivation patterns in blood and bone marrow samples from hematologically normal females was possible in approximately 90% of heterozygous individuals. The X-chromosome inactivation ratios obtained with M27 beta were comparable with phosphoglycerate kinase or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in 46 individuals heterozygous for one of these genes in addition to M27 beta. The results obtained were closely correlated (r = 0.89). In 21 of 35 (60%) AML blasts, however, there was hypermethylation of the M27 beta locus and clonal analysis was not possible. Hypermethylation was not related to FAB type.
Leukemia 1992 Jul
PMID:Assessment of X-chromosome inactivation patterns using the hypervariable probe M27 beta in normal hemopoietic cells and acute myeloid leukemic blasts. 135 60

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the X-chromosome genes phosphoglycerate kinase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase were used in conjunction with cytogenetic analysis to study the clonality of hematopoiesis in four female patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, treated with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3), and in one patient with essential thrombocythemia (ET) treated with IL-3. Both conventional karyotyping and X-inactivation analysis demonstrated the persistence of a monoclonal pattern of hematopoiesis in the two patients with refractory anemia (RA) treated either with GM-CSF or with IL-3. The partial restoration of non-clonal hematopoiesis was observed in one patient with RA and an excess of blasts following treatment with a combination of GM-CSF and low dose cytosine arabinoside. In a fourth patient with RA and in the patient with ET, treatment with IL-3 resulted in the complete restoration of a non-clonal pattern of peripheral blood cells. In contrast, the bone marrow cells remained monoclonal by Southern blot analysis in the patient with RA in whom it could be tested. Non-clonal lymphocytes appear to have been released into the peripheral blood in the two latter cases and are responsible for the non-clonal RFLP pattern. These results suggest that cytokine therapy may have diverse effects on hematopoiesis, including the release of residual normal cells into the peripheral blood.
Leukemia 1991 Jun
PMID:In vivo effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 on clonal and non-clonal cell populations in patients with clonal hematopoietic disorders. 167 79

Three Down's syndrome patients with transient myeloproliferative disorder were studied for clonality of the proliferating blast cells using the X chromosome-linked polymorphic gene phosphoglycerate kinase, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) (beta, gamma, delta) genes. None of the three cases showed rearrangements of IgH, TCR beta, gamma, or delta genes, indicating the non-lymphoid nature of the proliferating blast cells. The X chromosome inactivation pattern showed that the cells in the blast population in all of the three cases of transient myeloproliferative disorder were clonal. These data suggest that at least some of this disorder can be due to a spontaneously regressing clone of malignant cells.
Leukemia 1991 Jan
PMID:Clonal analysis of transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome. 182 81

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the X-chromosome genes phosphoglycerate kinase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase were used to study clonality in peripheral blood leukocytes from 48 women with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (c-MPD). A total of 50% of patients were heterozygous for one or both of the polymorphic loci. These included 17 cases with polycythemia vera, four patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), and three cases with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). A clear-cut monoclonal X-inactivation pattern was observed in 17 of 24 cases including all IMF patients. Only one patient with PV exhibited a nonclonal composition of her leukocytes, while six cases demonstrated a predominantly clonal pattern in peripheral blood cells. Among the latter category reckoned three of four ET patients. Cell separation analyses were performed in one ET and three PV patients. In all four cases a monoclonal pattern of the granulocyte fraction could be established, while T lymphocytes of these patients were of nonclonal origin. These data suggest that the vast majority of c-MPDs arise from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, this type of clonal analysis might be of help in discriminating between primary MPD and reactive processes.
Leukemia 1990 Apr
PMID:Clonal analysis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders using X-linked DNA polymorphisms. 197 5

We evaluated the changes in the number of normal spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in the spleen and the bone marrow of C3H/He mice during the development of leukemia following the injection of the murine leukemia cell line, MK-8057, MK-8057 cells, originating in C3H/He PGK-1b mice, were injected into syngeneic C3H/He PGK-1a mice so that phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) isozymes could be used to distinguish leukemic spleen colonies from normal colonies when cells from the spleen or bone marrow of the recipients were reinjected into lethally irradiated mice. Leukemic cells showed a logarithmic increase in the recipient mice and had replaced the bone marrow and the spleen completely by days 6-8; the mice started to die of leukemia after day 11. However, colonies examined from normal stem cells still comprised 60% of the total number of spleen colonies on day 6, 45% on day 8, and 20% on day 10. Furthermore, when the numbers of normal CFU-S were calculated as numbers per spleen, we found that they increased exponentially to a level 100 times higher than the normal level 10 days after injection of MK-8057 cells.
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PMID:The detection of normal hidden stem cells during the development of leukemia: assays with PGK isozyme. 229 74

We studied the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on leukemia development and survival of mice with leukemia by using a radiation-induced myeloid leukemia cell line (C2M) with A-type phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) as marker isoenzyme. C3H/He mice with B-type PGK were inoculated with 2 x 10(6) C2M cells through the tail vein. From the next day, they received a daily subcutaneous injection of 1 microgram rhG-CSF or control solution. The survival of rhG-CSF-treated recipients of C2M was significantly longer than control-solution-treated recipients. In rhG-CSF-treated recipients, not only spleen weight but also the number of blasts in hemopoietic organs was less than those in control recipients. While there was a remarkable decrease in bone marrow content of CFU-GM in control recipients, the content in rhG-CSF-treated recipients was comparable to that in normal mice. A reduced bone marrow and spleen content of leukemic colony-forming cells (L-CFU) was observed in rhG-CSF-treated recipients in comparison with control recipients. The electrophoretic analysis of PGK phenotypes of hemopoietic organs indicated the delayed appearance of A-type PGK from C2M cells in rhG-CSF-treated recipients. From these findings, we concluded that the injection of rhG-CSF delayed the onset of leukemia and improved the survival and several hematological parameters by suppressing C2M cells in recipient mice.
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PMID:Prolonged survival of mice with myeloid leukemia by subcutaneous injection of recombinant human G-CSF. 248 92

In vitro DNA amplification and synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization was used to analyze 57 acute myelocytic leukemias (AML) for the presence of ras gene mutations. We demonstrated mutated alleles in 19% of primary AMLs (10/51) as well as in five of six secondary leukemias. Mutations occurred predominantly at N-ras codons 12, 13, or 61 (13 cases) and twice at Ki-ras codons 12 and 13. Ras gene mutations were preferentially associated with an M4 morphology according to the FAB (French-American-British) classification, but no particular correlation was observed with respect to clinical parameter (sex, age, course of disease) or immunophenotype and karyotype. Mutated ras alleles were absent in nine mutation-positive cases analyzed during remission. However, a more complex pattern emerged from the five patients analyzed in relapse exhibiting identical ras mutations in three cases, absence of a mutated allele in one patient, and acquisition of a N-ras mutation in yet another case, in which no mutation had been detected initially. Moreover, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the X-chromosome genes hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) were studied in 19 of the AML patients. Nine cases (47%) were heterozygous for BglI or BamHI RFLPs at the PGK or HPRT loci, respectively, and therefore suitable for clonal analysis investigating X-chromosome inactivation. All of the patients exhibited a monoclonal leukemic cell population at presentation. In addition, five of seven cases studied in remission showed reemergence of a polyclonal pattern. However, two children exhibited persistence of monoclonal hematopoiesis despite complete clinical/hematological remission and a corresponding loss of a mutated ras allele in one of the patients. These data indicate the value of molecular genetic approaches for evaluation of the heterogeneous nature of remission and relapse in AML.
Leukemia 1989 Apr
PMID:Acute myeloid leukemia: analysis of ras gene mutations and clonality defined by polymorphic X-linked loci. 256 52

Myeloproliferative disorders are neoplasms of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Accurate diagnosis and distinction from reactive processes can be difficult therein with cytogenetic analysis only being useful in a minority of patients. Use of X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism and methylation analysis has enabled clonal analysis to be performed in up to 50% of females, significantly increasing the proportion of analyzable patients over methods dependent on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase heterozygosity. Using hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and phosphoglycerate kinase probes, we have demonstrated monoclonality of peripheral blood leukocytes in three females with myeloproliferative disorders who had uninformative chromosomal analysis. This technique greatly enhances the diagnosis of early myeloproliferative disorder.
Leukemia 1989 Jun
PMID:Myeloproliferative disorders: usefulness of X-linked probes in diagnosis. 256 25


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