Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cells of some human leukemia-lymphoma T cell lines (JURKAT, MOLT4), B cell lines (DAUDI, U-266) and of myeloid U-937 cell line were characterized for their surface membrane and cytoplasmic marker profiles. The usefulness of some fixation and permeabilization methods of cell membrane for detection of cytoplasmic markers by flow cytometry was studied. The methods of cell fixation in suspension were found to be more sensitive than the methods of cell fixation in smears. With the very short buffered formaldehyde-acetone (BFA) fixation used in this study an optimal penetration of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) through the plasma membrane and specific binding to the appropriate structures were achieved. CD22 antigen was detected in cytoplasm but not on membrane of DAUDI cells. In another B cell line, U-266, CD22 antigen was present both in cell membrane and cytoplasm. The marker corresponding to anti-CD19 MoAb was detected in cytoplasm but was absent on membrane of U-266 cells. Furthermore, the antigen estimated by anti-CD3 MoAb could be detected intracellularly in cells of both T cell lines tested, while it was absent on cell membrane of these cells. The phenotypic study of U-937 cells showed that the majority of cells expressed myeloid associated antigens. In our study the CD14 marker detected on cell surface membrane of U-937 cells was missing in their cytoplasm. The surface antigens remained intact after BFA fixation enabling a simultaneous detection of membrane and cytoplasmic markers in double immunofluorescence studies. Through this combination of markers minor cell populations could be detected. Human hematopoietic cell lines could serve as a reliable model system for a rapid and quantitative immunodiagnosis.
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PMID:Detection of cytoplasmic and surface membrane markers in cells of some human hematopoietic cell lines. 149 22

The principal characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) ICO have been presented. The MCA ICO panel includes MCA against differentiating antigens of T- and B-lymphocytes, myelomonocytes, human leukemia-associated antigens. The following MCA have been described: MCA ICO-87 against common T-cell antigen CD7, ICO-33 and ICO-80 against common T-cell antigen CD5, MCA ICO-10 against Thy-1 antigen of early thymocytes, ICO-44 against CD1c antigen of cortical thymocytes, MCA ICO-90 against CD3 antigen of mature T-lymphocytes, MCA ICO-86 against CD4 antigen of T-helper/inductor cells, MCA ICO-31 against CD8 antigen of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells, MCA ICO-1 against nonpolymorphic antigens of HLA II class, MCA ICO-12 against CD22 antigen of B-lymphocytes, MCA ICO-30 against mu-chain of human IgGM, MCA ICO-66 against CD37 antigen of B-lymphocytes, MCA ICO-88 against antigen of activated T- and B-cells, MCA ICO-35 against lymphoblasts, MCA ICO-88 against CD38 antigen of thymocytes and activated cells.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies of the ICO series against differentiation antigens of human lymphocytes]. 225 63

Current views about the origin of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) emphasize the importance of maturation arrest at a precursor cell level. Recently, the CD22 antigen has been identified in the cytoplasm of normal bone marrow-borne immature B lineage cells, while the CD3 antigen (epsilon chain) has been detected within normal immature thymic blasts. In the first part our study performed on 100 cases of known acute leukemias, the expression of such cytoplasmic molecules, referred to as cCD22 and cCD3, was analyzed together with their appearance in the leukemic cells' membrane (mCD22 and mCD3). The presence of cCD22 in B-lineage ALL and that of cCD3 in T-ALL has indeed fully confirmed the diagnosis reached by other markers, and mCD22 and mCD3 were expressed on only a few cases of B- and T-lineage ALL, also revealing a degree of developmental asynchrony within leukemic blasts. In the subsequent analysis both cCD22 and cCD3 have been included in a standard panel of diagnostic reagents applied on 500 consecutive cases of acute leukemia. Here the aim was to analyze both the diagnostic precision of individual markers and the heterogeneity of various leukemic types in terms of the expression of membrane and intracellular antigens and their cytochemical features (Sudan Black B and esterases). It has been found that cCD22 and cCD3 are exquisitely specific for B-precursor ALL (TdT+, CD19+) and T-ALL (TdT+, CD7+), respectively, while both markers are absent in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia (AMML/AMoL). These observations contrast the findings which demonstrate that 31% of cases among nonlymphoid acute leukemia (including AML and AMML) express CD7 and/or TdT. The study of myeloid antigens detected by CD13, CD33, and CD14 is also informative and complementary, both in diagnosing and subdividing the AML and AMML/AMoL groups. The peculiar main observation of this study is that only with the combined use of these markers in a microplate assay for membrane antigens, followed by double staining for intracellular antigens such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, cCD3, cCD22, c mu heavy chain, and T cell receptor beta, it is possible to safely establish the lineage affiliation and subgrouping of virtually all acute leukemias. Among these cases are those with aberrant combinations of markers, including 14% of B-lineage ALL (cCD22+,CD19+,TdT+) and a single case T-ALL (cCD3+,CD7+,TdT+), which exhibit CD13 and/or CD33 antigens, cases with mixtures of ALL and AML blasts, and 1.2% of acute leukemias which lack lineage affiliation and can be regarded as acute undifferentiated leukemia.
Leukemia 1989 Mar
PMID:The reliability of cytoplasmic CD3 and CD22 antigen expression in the immunodiagnosis of acute leukemia: a study of 500 cases. 246 63

The expression of cytoplasmic antigens in 77 cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by flow cytometry using the following monoclonal antibodies: CD3, CD22, anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-7) and anti-mu-heavy chain. CD22 antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of all non-T-ALL patients excluding one not-tested patient. In two patients with unclassified ALL, surface CD22 antigen was not expressed but cytoplasmic CD22 antigen was strongly expressed. Three out of 9 patients with common ALL were cytoplasmic mu-heavy chain-positive, so these patients were diagnosed as Pre-B ALL. In four out of 8 patients with T-ALL, CD3 antigen was not expressed on the cell surface membrane. However all of T-ALL patients excluding one non-tested patient were cytoplasmic CD3-positive. The cytoplasmic expression of myeloperoxidase antigen was detected in twenty out of 21 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). One megakaryocytic leukemia patient was MPO-negative. In two ANLL patients, the percentage of MPO for conventional cytochemical staining was undetectable or low, but MPO antigens were positive (77% and 70%) for flow cytometric analysis. All of 46 non-T ALL patients were cytoplasmic MPO-negative, however 4 out of 10 T-ALL patients were cytoplasmic MPO-positive. The study proved that the analysis of cytoplasmic CD3, CD22, mu-chain and MPO antigens were very useful to define the cell lineage of leukemia and to classify ALL and ANLL. It is necessary to study further whether the expression of MPO in the cytoplasm of T-ALL was non-specific reaction or whether MPO precursors are expressed in the cytoplasm of T-ALL.
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PMID:[Analysis of cytoplasmic antigens in acute leukemia by flow cytometry]. 845 Jun 2

Double immunofluorescence studies using both surface and cytoplasmic antigens were performed on cells of some human hematopoietic lines. We tested several permeabilization protocols in order to optimize, improve and simplify flow cytometric assay to detect the combinations of two markers present in one cell which could be regarded as leukemia-related markers. It was found, that buffered formaldehyde-acetone (BFA) fixation renders the cell membrane permeable without destroying surface antigens so that intracellular and cell surface markers could be measured simultaneously by flow cytometry. Cell lines used for the experiments reported here included MOLT4 T cell line, mature B cell lines DAUDI and U-266, and early B cell line REH-6. Results from our studies demonstrated, that in the absence of CD3 antigen on the surface membrane of viable MOLT4 blast cells, double labeling of fixed, permeabilized cells revealed 97% mCD7+, cCD3+ double positive cells. Two color staining with anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in DAUDI cells showed, that larger part of cCD22+ cells expressed mCD19 antigen. CD22 antigen was absent on DAUDI cell membrane. Of great interest was the finding, that the marker detected by anti-CD19 MoAb which was absent on the membrane of U-266 cells was detected in their cytoplasm. Double staining of these cells revealed, that the number of mCD22+, cCD19+ double positive cells was 80%. Cytoplasmic CD22 antigen along with surface membrane CD19 was used to define early B cell line REH-6 as well. Our results demonstrate majority of double positive cells among tested population (mCD19+, cCD22+). To our knowledge the presence of cytoplasmic IgM detectable by flow cytometry in REH-6 cells, which could be so regarded as a precise and adequate counterpart to pre-B acute leukemia cell phenotype in children, is an original finding. Immunological typing plays an important part in the multiple marker analysis of hematopoietic malignancies. Through these surface and cytoplasmic marker combinations minor neoplastic cell populations could be detected. Human hematopoietic cell lines could serve as a reliable model system for monitoring minimal residual disease in acute leukemia patients.
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PMID:Human hematopoietic cell lines: a model system for study of minimal residual disease detection technique in acute leukemia. 855

Despite worldwide promising clinical outcome of CD19 CAR-T therapy, relapse after this therapy is associated with poor prognosis and has become an urgent problem to be solved. We conducted a CD22 CAR T-cell therapy in 34 relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-ALL pediatric and adult patients who failed from previous CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 24 of 30 patients (80%) that could be evaluated on day 30 after infusion, which accounted for 70.5% of all 34 enrolled patients. Most patients only experienced mild cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Seven CR patients received no further treatment, and 3 of them remained in remission at 6, 6.6, and 14 months after infusion. Eleven CR patients were promptly bridged to transplantation, and 8 of them remained in remission at 4.6 to 13.3 months after transplantation, resulted in 1-year leukemia-free survival rate of 71.6% (95% CI, 44.2-99.0). CD22 antigen loss or mutation was not observed to be associated with relapsed patients. Our study demonstrated that our CD22 CAR T-cells was highly effective in inducing remission in r/r B-ALL patients, and also provided a precious window for subsequent transplantation to achieve durable remission.
Leukemia 2019 12
PMID:CD22 CAR T-cell therapy in refractory or relapsed B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 3111 Feb 17