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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic pneumonitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukaemia undergoing total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The effect of variation in dose relate of TBI on the development of lethal and sublethal lung damage has been investigated in mice by measuring changes in carbon monoxide uptake. CBA mice were irradiated using a 60Co source at 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy min -1 to a total dose of 15.5 Gy. A log-linear relationship between the severity of impairment of carbon monoxide uptake (Vco) and dose rate was found. Ventilatory requirement (ventilation rate/Vco) was raised 20 to 40 weeks after TBI at dose rates above 0.1 Gy min -1. Time of onset and extent of elevation of ventilatory requirement were also dose-rate dependent. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
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PMID:Dose-rate dependence of lung damage after total body irradiation in mice. 704 Feb 73

The survival from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood is now approximately 60-70%, and from acute myeloid leukaemia, up to 50%. However, there is little information on the effects of intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of these conditions on lung function and exercise capacity in the long term. Severity survivors of acute leukaemia from one centre in the UK were studied. Measurements of lung volumes, spirometry and transfer factor were made. Each child also performed a standard, symptom-limited maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Predictive equations for indices of lung function and exercise tolerance were calculated from 146 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The results of the survivors of leukaemia were compared to these. There was a significant reduction of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), and transfer for carbon monoxide (DLCO; P < 0.05 for each measurement), in the survivors of leukemia when compared to the control subjects. In addition, there was a mild but significant reduction of both maximal and submaximal indices of exercise capacity in the leukaemic group. A multivariate analysis was carried out to identify those variables acting independently to reduce lung volumes. For FEV1, FVC and TLC, these were craniospinal irradiation, cyclophosphamide and chest complications during treatment. For a reduction in DLCO, the significant factors were administration of anthracyclines, craniospinal irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. Survivors of acute leukemia have impaired pulmonary function and exercise capacity. Long-term cardiopulmonary follow-up may be necessary and new regimens devised which reduce long-term toxicity without compromising survival rates.
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PMID:Lung function and exercise capacity in survivors of childhood leukaemia. 770 Jan 66

To examine the biological effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF), we have designed and manufactured a new equipment for long-term and high-density exposure of cells to ELFMF. The ELFMF exposure system consists of a generator of magnets with a built-in CO2 incubator, an alternating current (AC) power supply, a gas compressor and a thermocontroller for the incubator, and a cooling unit for the magnets. The CO2 incubator made of acrylic resin is inserted into the inner-space of the silicon steel strip-cores. In this system, the temperature of the incubator is maintained at 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The maximum magnetic flux density on the exposure area of the incubator is 500 mT (T; tesla) at a current of 556 Arms (rms; root mean square) at 50 Hz. The long-term (up to 120 hr) exposure of 400 mT ELFMF did not affect the growth of both HL60RG and CCRF-CEM cells originated from human leukemia. The post-X-irradiation exposure of 400 mT ELFMF for 2 hr also did not affect the radiation sensitivity of GM0637 and TAT2SF cells originated from a normal human and an ataxia telangiectasia patient.
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PMID:A newly designed experimental system for exposure of mammalian cells to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. 805 68

The metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bone marrow, mononuclear cells from normal donors and leukaemia patients in remission has been investigated. When benz[alpha]anthracene (BA) was included with marrow under cell culture conditions, it was converted to materials which were resolved into three peaks by normal phase HPLC, and which had the chromatographic characteristics of BA-dihydrodiols. Formation of hydroxymethyl-or dihydrodiol-derivatives of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene were not detected under the same conditions. The BA-metabolites were identified as BA-5,6-dihydrodiol, BA-10,11-dihydrodiol and BA-8,9-dihydrodiol. The identification was based upon chromatographic properties of the metabolites during normal and reverse phase chromatography and on UV spectral and fluorometric characterization. It was not possible to detect the formation of BA-3,4-dihydrodiol since this dihydrodiol co-elutes with BA-8,9-dihydrodiol and BA-10,11-dihydrodiol during normal phase and reverse phase chromatography, respectively. the UV spectra of BA-3,4-dihydrodiol does not have features which enable it to be readily identified in the presence of these other compounds. Formation of the dihydrodiol-metabolites was dependent on cell number and temperature. Two general cytochrome P450 inhibitors, carbon monoxide and piperonyl butoxide, blocked the formation of metabolites but the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin had no effect. Large variations were observed in the capacity of marrow from different individuals to form benz[alpha]anthracene-dihydrodiols but, in each sample where dihydrodiols were formed, the relative amount of each metabolite was BA-8,9-dihydrodiol >> BA-5,6-dihydrodiol > BA-10,11-dihydrodiol. Factors which may contribute to this variation, including disease status, genetic and environmental agents, are considered.
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PMID:Metabolism of benz[alpha]anthracene by human bone marrow in vitro. 862 May 77

The ready access to blood (plasma and formed cellular elements) makes it unusually susceptible to the deleterious effects of pollutants whose origins may be in the air. The red blood cells' hemoglobin may be rendered useless for oxygen transport by combination with carbon monoxide or conversion to methemoglobin or sulfhemoglobin. Lead and arsine can damage the erythrocytes' membranes, resulting in anemia. Metabolites of benzene and other volatile polycyclic hydrocarbons are implicated in the causation of leukemias. The extensive use of pesticides and herbicides may be associated with the development of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and aplastic anemia. The carcinogenic risks from ionizing radiation, especially for leukemia, are well known. More information is needed concerning the epidemiology of environmental factors responsible for damage to blood. Enhanced knowledge about the molecular biology of toxins' effects on the hematopoietic system and improved detection and prevention technologies are needed to answer environmentally related health questions.
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PMID:Blood and air pollution: state of knowledge and research needs. 863 33

Patients with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with persistent leukemia after their first course (CO1) of induction chemotherapy are generally given a second similar course, although their outcome is known to be worse than CO1 responders even when a complete remission (CR) is achieved. To identify specific patients who should or should not receive a second induction course identical to the first we analyzed outcome in 370 patients with persistent AML after CO1 who received a second identical course. One hundred and forty-two (38%) achieved CR on this course; median subsequent disease-free survival (DFS) in these 142 was 29 weeks and 10% were alive in CR at 5 years. The 5-year DFS of CO2 responders was significantly lower than that of CO1 responders (10 vs 24%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression identified pretreatment cytogenetic abnormalities (except inv 16, t(8;21), or t(15;17)), presence of an antecedent hematologic disorder or secondary AML as each having unfavorable prognostic import similar to the case in untreated patients. Treatment with "high-dose' rather than standard-dose cytarabine increased the probability of 2nd course CR. The occurrence of pneumonia, sepsis, or major hemorrhage were prognostically unfavorable, primarily in the high-dose cytarabine group, and, once in CR, DFS was shorter in this group. Equations predicting probability of 2nd course CR were derived. If validated prospectively these could be used to assign patients to either receive a second course of initial induction therapy or to change to salvage or investigational therapy after the first course. Alternatively, they could be used to stratify patients entering a prospective randomized trial comparing these two strategies.
Leukemia 1996 Jun
PMID:Factors predicting complete remission and subsequent disease-free survival after a second course of induction therapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia resistant to the first. 866 53

10-Hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-OHODA) has an inhibitory effect on the tension of papillary muscles in isolated guinea-pig hearts. To establish an immunoassay for 10-OHODA a mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb), YM-1, was produced. In order to evaluate the ability of this MoAb to recognize various 10-OHODA analogs including leukotoxin (9, 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid, LTx), a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC). The detection limit for 10-OHODA was as low as 0.5 ng in this system. In order to demonstrate the presence of 10-OHODA in living cells, macrophages derived from the human leukemia cell line THP-1 by adding 160nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were exposed to 95% O2, and 5% CO2 for 24 h. 10-OHODA and other fatty acids were extracted from the exposed macrophages with diethylether after phospholipase A2 treatment. The 10-OHODA content was determined using the new ELISA, and 18.5 ng 10-OHODA was detected in the macrophages exposed to the high oxygen concentration (1 x 10(6) cells).
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PMID:Characterization of monoclonal antibody reactive with 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-OHODA) and its demonstration in cultured human macrophages. 935 38

Fas antigen, also termed APO-1 or CD95, is a transmembrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily which mediates apoptosis upon oligomerization. The Fas/Fas ligand system is considered to be a key regulator of apoptosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that Fas antigen expression is induced by low-dose irradiation of some types of lymphomas, and we also demonstrated that irradiation-induced Fas antigen expression increased with the passage of time until peaking at 48 h after irradiation in CML-C1, CML-C2, DL-40, and DL-95 cell lines. In this study, we also examined the potential cytotoxicity of Fas ligand peptide against several types of lymphoma/leukemia cell lines that showed induction of Fas antigen expression under irradiation. Flow cytometry analysis was performed at 6, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. Samples (1 x10(6) cells/ml) from irradiated and non-irradiated cells of each cell line were incubated with or without 5 microg/ml of Fas ligand peptide for 2 h at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) in air. The killing effect of Fas ligand against cell lines of CML-C1, DL-40, and DL-95 were clearly identified as the percentage of cells with Fas antigen expression induced by irradiation. Concerning HD-70 cell line, for which soluble Fas antigen has been identified, the killing effects were clearly observed in samples pre-treated with PBS washings. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a possible application of the Fas/Fas ligand system in treatment of certain types of malignancies in which Fas antigen is inducible by irradiation.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of Fas ligand against lymphoma cells with radiation-induced Fas antigen. 985 30

The determination of cellular content of octadecylphosphocholine (D-19391) and hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC, D-18506), two anticancer agents of the alkylphosphocholine group, using capillary gas chromatography is described. The compounds' cytotoxicity was first determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium] assay, being indicative for the concentration used in the uptake and retention measurements. D-19391 was added to the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line and HePC to the Molt-4 leukemia cell line in concentrations of, respectively, 18.6 and 15.0 microM, during a 36-h incubation period at 37 degrees C, 5% CO2. HePC uptake in the leukemia cells was followed by a 24-h reversibility test in drug-free medium. Subsequently, sample clean-up was performed on a weak cation-exchange column. For the quantitative analysis, HePC was used as internal standard for the D-19391 measurements and vice versa. Derivatization of the samples with trimethylsilylbromide was followed by capillary gas chromatographic analysis. From these data we conclude that our uptake results are quite similar with those of a previous study of HePC cellular uptake in the more resistant Caco-2T colon cancer cell line. Without having investigated the mechanism that underlies the cellular uptake results obtained, our study points to no direct correlation between the compounds' cellular uptake and their cytotoxic effects.
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PMID:Cellular uptake and retention measurements of alkylphosphocholines in the SK-BR-3 breast cancer and Molt-4 leukemia cell line using capillary gas chromatography. 1038 Jan 24

In order to know the practical value of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70) and to know the changes of plasma free amino acids of workers with the induction of HSP70 by harmful factors, the amino acid composition of major HSP, HSP70 purified from the heated cultured human leukemia cancer cell line K562, rabbit liver, rat liver and heart, and mouse liver with two-step procedures of DE52-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose was examined. The level of plasma free amino acids of workers with long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide and the combined effect of both heat and carbon monoxide was also investigated. The results showed that the three richest amino acids in HSP70 of all origins were Gly, Glu and Asp, except that of rat heart which was rich in Gly, Phe and Glu. Additionally, Lys, Val, Leu and Ala were also found very rich in HSP70 of all origins. Compared with controls, the most of plasma free amino acids tended to increase and free methionine and tryptophan were increased significantly (P < 0.05) after a long-term exposure to heat, carbon monoxide, and both. These findings suggested that further studies need to be done to find the substances or drugs which induce the synthesis of HSP70 and reduce the inhibition of synthesis of normal proteins for the purpose of protecting people with exposure to harmful factors against the damage of the factors.
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PMID:Study on amino acid composition of HSP70 and the level of plasma free amino acids of workers with long-term exposure to harmful factors. 1080 46


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