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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the 25 month period from July 1989 until August 1991, 58 children with FAB defined acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were referred for immunophenotypic analysis. Of these, 42 children with a common/pre-B phenotype (CD19/CD10-positive) were studied specifically to assess CD10 antigen density. A pattern of segregation was found between males and females and between black and white children. Black males, who are the worst prognostic group, had the lowest CD10 density, while white females, known to constitute the best prognostic group, had significantly higher CD10 antigen density than the other groups. Black females and white males occupied intermediate positions with respect to CD10 antigen density. A two way analysis of variance showed that although sex had contributed significantly to this variation (p = 0.0038), the contribution of race was marginal (p = 0.0530). It is hypothesized that low CD10 antigen density patterns in males and in Blacks could be causally related to poor prognosis.
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PMID:CD10 antigen density in childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: comparisons of race and sex. 146 29

The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, or its molecular counterpart, the BCR-ABL fusion gene, is a rare but important prognostic indicator in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its impact on adult ALL has not been well ascertained. A prospective study of the BCR-ABL fusion gene was begun on patients entered on clinical trials conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). All patients received intensive, multiagent chemotherapy that included daunorubicin. Over 2 years, 56 patients were studied for molecular evidence of a BCR-ABL gene using Southern blot and pulsed-field gel hybridization analysis. Results were compared with cytogenetic detection of a Ph1 chromosome, and clinical features were compared for the BCR-ABL-positive and -negative groups. Molecular methods detected the BCR-ABL gene in 30% of cases compared with cytogenetic detection of the Ph1 chromosome in only 23%. The majority of cases (76%) showed the p190 gene subtype similar to pediatric ALL; the BCR-ABL-positive cases displayed a more homogeneous immunophenotype than the BCR-ABL-negative cases and were predominantly CALLA positive (86%) and B-cell surface antigen positive (82%). The rate of achieving complete remission was similar in the BCR-ABL-positive and -negative groups (71% and 77%, respectively, P = .72). There were more early relapses in the BCR-ABL-positive group, resulting in a shorter remission duration that was especially marked in the CALLA-positive and B-cell antigen-positive populations. These preliminary data suggest that the impact of the BCR-ABL gene on clinical outcome in ALL may be on maintenance of complete remission (CR) rather than achievement of CR when aggressive, multiagent chemotherapy is used. This study identifies the BCR-ABL gene as an important factor in adult ALL and demonstrates the utility of molecular methods for its accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical significance of the BCR-ABL fusion gene in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (8762). 146 14

The t(4;11)(q21;q23) has been associated with marked lineage heterogeneity. Most of the reported cases were classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The t(4;11) is one of the commonest specific chromosomal translocations in ALL, occurring in 2% of childhood and 5% of adult cases. In childhood ALL, this translocation is associated with female sex, age less than 1 year, hyperleukocytosis, CD10-/CD19+ B-precursor cell immunophenotype, and myeloid-associated antigen (CD15) expression. There also appears to be an age-related difference in treatment outcome. Adults had the worst prognosis, and children aged 1 to 9 years appeared to have a better outcome than infants or adolescents. Reported cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or secondary leukemia with the t(4;11) have not been well characterized. It is intriguing that virtually all of the reported cases with secondary leukemia had received epipodophyllotoxins or doxorubicin, agents that affect topoisomerase II and are associated with secondary AML characterized by 11q23 abnormalities. Identification of the involved gene(s) in the t(4;11) will provide a molecular approach permitting more accurate classification of these cases.
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PMID:Acute leukemias with the t(4;11)(q21;q23). 147 45

The clinical utility of the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) techniques was compared in 103 newly diagnosed acute leukaemia patients immunophenotyped using a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). In spite of slight variations in the percentages of cells reacting with particular MoAbs when comparing the two methods we found no discrepancies in the final classification of each case. In ANLL (n = 73) the best correlation between the two methods was found for CDw65 which is a good screening marker, and for CD15 having a prognostic significance. In ALL (n = 30) the best correlation was observed for CD19 and CD10, both of great diagnostic importance. The following antigens present both in membrane and in cytoplasm displayed higher positivity with the APAAP than in IF HLA-Dr, CD71 and CD11b in ANLL, CD22 and HLA-Dr in nonT-ALL and CD3 in T-ALL. The important advantages of the APAAP technique are: 1) its use with routinely performed bone marrow or peripheral blood films, which can be stored before staining, 2) the possibility of correlating morphology with immunological characterization and documentation of the results.
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PMID:[Comparison of clinical usefulness of immunophenotyping of leukemia using the immunofluorescence and immunoenzyme APAAP methods]. 148 65

Of 706 children, 528 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 178 with acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML), whose leukaemia karyotypes could be successfully analysed, 48 were infants less than 1 year of age, 28 with ALL (5% of ALL patients) and 20 with AML (11% of AML patients). In contrast to older children. ALL-leukaemocytogenetics in infants was characterised by lack of hyperdiploidy with over 50 chromosomes and higher incidence of pseudodiploidy. Thirteen (= 46%) infants had an 11q23 aberration, and 11 of them had t(4;11). In AML, nine (= 45%) infants also had an 11q23 abnormality, e.g. t(9;11). Thus, the 11q23 aberration was present in almost 50% of all leukaemia karyotypes of infants. In ALL of infants, the CALLA negative, pre-pre-B immunophenotype prevailed. In AML of infants, the monocytic subtype dominated. A biphenotypic morphology (lymphoid-monocytic) with the expression of lymphoid and myeloid antigens was seen in several ALL and AML cases. In conclusion, leukaemogenesis in infants is a rare event, arising in stem cells of very early hematopoietic differentiation (probably due to gene rearrangement errors, most frequently at FRA11B), and differs from leukaemogenesis in older age groups by unique clinical and cellular features.
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PMID:Cytogenetic findings in acute leukaemias of infants. 150 22

Blast cell morphology of children with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) entering two national multicentre trials was prospectively reviewed by three haematologists to define the clinical importance of (a) French-American-British (FAB) classification, (b) the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and (c) the presence of 'hand-mirror' cells. Of 2135 evaluable children, 1907 (89%) had FAB L1 morphology and 228 (11%) L2. (L3 patients were not eligible for the trials in question). L2 patients more frequently had residual disease 14 d after starting treatment and had a significantly inferior disease-free survival, but not if the analysis was stratified for age, sex and diagnostic white cell count (WBC). 627 (29%) had blast cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles, and showed a significant survival advantage over the remainder. Vacuoles were positively associated with a low WBC, age range 1-6 years and blast cell positivity for CD10, but their benign influence was apparent even when these variables were taken into account. 'Hand-mirror' (HM) cells were only studied in UKALL X, and were noted in 316/1402 (23%) children. There appeared to be an inverse correlation between HM cells and cytoplasmic vacuoles and a weak association with T-cell immunophenotype, but no prognostic significance was evident. FAB classification appears to be of less prognostic importance than has previously been supposed, though L2 disease is more resistant to current remission induction regimens. Hand-mirror cells may be more common in T-ALL, but are seen in all types and are not related to prognosis. Cytoplasmic vacuoles are predictive of a good response to current therapeutic schedules even allowing for other prognostic variables, and are the single most important morphological feature relating to prognosis in childhood ALL.
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PMID:Cytomorphology of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective study of 2000 patients. United Kingdom Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. 152 Jun 24

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of IPO series were developed following immunization with human B cell lines RPMI-1788, Daudi, and spleen cells from a patient with hairy cell leukemia. Reactivity of these mAbs was studied on 19 human cell lines, mononuclear cells of 50 healthy persons and 142 patients with leukemias and lymphomas. It was shown that mAbs IPO-3, IPO-10 and IPO-24 define B cell-specific antigens expressed at different stages of maturation. MAb IPO-3 reacted with activated B lymphocytes. MAb IPO-10 defined the antigen which appears on B cell progenitors following HLA-DR and proceeding CD19, CD10, CD22, CD37; cy mu and CD20 and have been lost during terminal differentiation. The antigen detected by mAb IPO-24 was expressed throughout B cell ontogeny from pre-B cell until the B-blasts. MAb IPO-4 detected an antigen of activated T and B lymphocytes. These mAbs are useful tools in the leukemia and lymphoma phenotypic characterization and classification.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies of IPO series against B cell differentiation antigens in leukemia and lymphoma immunophenotyping. 152 2

The sensitivity of the scid mouse model was assessed by comparing the growth of two pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, A1 and G2, established from patients at relapse. When cell numbers varying from 10(4) to 10(7) were injected intravenously into scid mice, advanced growth and dissemination of leukemia was observed at 10-12 weeks with the G2 cells. Bone marrow, spleen and thymus contained high levels of human leukemic cells and infiltration into lung, kidney, liver, and brain was observed. Two of three mice grafted with only 100 cells showed high levels of infiltration at 15 weeks, suggesting that 100 G2 cells was near the limiting cell number that could produce disseminated leukemia. With the A1 line, a minimum of 10(5) cells was needed to obtain dissemination to liver, lung, brain, and kidney; a low level of spleen infiltration occurred and thymus invasion was not observed. In vitro, both lines showed a density dependent growth in clonogenic assays but the cloning efficiency of the A1 line was 10-fold higher than for G2 cells. These results indicate that G2 and A1 lines have a dissimilar aggressiveness in vivo which does not correlate with clonogenic assay in vitro. Neither G2 nor A1 lines, growing in vitro, expressed CD10/CALLA on their surface, despite low levels of antigen on the freshly obtained relapse samples. Although A1 cells remained CD10-negative in the scid mice, G2 cells showed detectable levels of CD10, particularly on those cells found in the thymus. Several subclones of the G2 line were derived from isolated colonies in vitro; they were found to be CD10- in vitro, but to become CD10+ when proliferating into scid mouse thymus, suggesting the induction of CD10 by the murine microenvironment.
Leukemia 1992 Jan
PMID:Differential kinetics of engraftment and induction of CD10 on human pre-B leukemia cell lines in immune deficient scid mice. 153 Dec 43

First described on pre-B leukemia cells, the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (cALLa) is also expressed on glioma cells in vitro. Its identity to neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (E.C.3.24.11) was corroborated by our finding that cALLa positive glioma cells had NEP activity. To study cALLa/NEP distribution on glial tumours in vivo, we examined 76 brain tumour biopsies by immunostaining techniques on frozen tissue sections using anti-cALLa (FAH99) and anti-NEP (135 A 3) monoclonal antibodies. We found that 96% of grade 4 gliomas (25/26) expressed NEP. Whereas only 45% (4/9) of grade 3 or anaplastic astrocytomas did. In low grade gliomas, we found 2 positive tumours out of 21 tested (10%). Double immunostaining procedures revealed that NEP was co-expressed with GFAP. However no NEP could be detected on non-glial brain tumours nor on reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that cALLa/NEP expression could be linked to malignant progression of gliomas.
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PMID:Expression of cALLa/NEP on gliomas: a possible marker of malignancy. 153 80

Structural rearrangements involving the short arm of chromosome 12 occur in 10% of cases of childhood acute lymphoid leukemia. The translocation t(12;17)(p13;q21), an uncommon 12p abnormality, was identified in five of 2620 cases (0.2%) successfully karyotyped by the Pediatric Oncology Group or St Jude Children's Research Hospital. All five cases were classified as early pre-B; however, CD10 (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen) was expressed at lower levels than other markers of B-cell lineage. Two cases also expressed the myeloid-associated antigen CD33. Leukemic cells were pseudodiploid in four cases, with an extra chromosome 21 in the fifth case. All of these patients achieved complete remission. Two relapsed during subsequent therapy, and three remain in continuous remission for greater than or equal to 20 months.
Leukemia 1992 Apr
PMID:t(12;17)(p13;q21) in early pre-B acute lymphoid leukemia. 153 30


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