Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Low toxic and synthetic adjuvants were investigated in the induction of protective immunity against Friend murine retrovirus-induced erythroleukaemia by immunization with inactivated Friend murine leukaemia helper virus (F-MuLV). 6-O-(2-tetradecyl-hexadecanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (B30-MDP) showed a significant enhancement of the protective immunity against Friend virus-induced erythroleukaemia not only in H-2a/b mice known to make good immune responses to F-MuLV envelope, but also in H-2a/a mice which are usually unable to respond to F-MuLV envelope protein. Another analogue of N-acetylmuramyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), N alpha-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys(L18)], which has been shown to enhance non-specific protective activity against bacterial and viral infections, however, showed no adjuvant activity in the present system. A combined adjuvant of the synthesized mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and detoxified bacterial endotoxin, monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota, gave good protection which was comparable to complete Freund's adjuvant in both H-2a/b and H-2a/a mice.
 ...
PMID:Use of low toxicity adjuvants and killed virus to induce protective immunity against the Friend murine leukaemia retrovirus-induced disease. 157 22

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of bone marrow abnormalities, but its usefulness in detecting active disseminated cancer in this tissue in treated patients has not been determined. We therefore examined 14 children who had been treated for disseminated bone marrow involvement by neuroblastoma (n = 6), lymphoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 1), and leukemia (n = 1). MRI studies were performed at 21 marrow sites to evaluate residual or recurrent tumor and were correlated with histologic material from the same site. T1- and T2-weighted sequences were employed in 21 and 14 studies, respectively; short tau inversion recovery (STIR) in 18; and static gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DPTA)-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences in 13. All MRI studies showed an altered bone marrow signal. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy was also performed (19 studies). On histologic examination, 7 marrow specimens contained tumor, and 14 did not. Of the 7 tumor-positive lesions, all T1-weighted, 4 of 6 T2-weighted, and all 6 STIR sequences showed abnormal signal; all 5 Gd-DTPA-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences showed enhancement of the lesion. However, abnormal signals were also observed on all T1-weighted, 6 of 8 T2-weighted, 11 of 12 STIR, and 5 of 8 Gd-DTPA-enhanced, T1-weighted images of the tumor-negative sites. In this clinical setting, MRI did not consistently differentiate changes associated with treatment from malignant disease.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of disseminated bone marrow disease in patients treated for malignancy. 202 Aug 67

We report a case of adult T-cell leukemia with increased uptake in both lungs which was detected by a bone scan using 99mTc-MDP. This finding is thought to have been caused by the metastatic calcification which is associated with ectopic parathormone production.
 ...
PMID:A case of adult T-cell leukemia with metastatic calcification. 315 43

Murine L1210 leukemia cells resistant to the antineoplastic agent L-phenylalanine mustard have a 1.5-2.0-fold elevation in their cellular GSH and GSSG content as compared to drug-sensitive cells. Cellular uptake of L-[U-14C]cystine and its incorporation into GSH of the resistant tumor are correspondingly elevated. Synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine, GSH, and GSSG is elevated 1.5-2.0-fold in cell-free preparations of the resistant tumor. This increased synthesis of GSH is attributed to increased cellular content (1.6-fold) of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. GSH synthetase activity is equivalent in both drug-sensitive and -resistant cells. Investigation into the hydrolysis of selected peptides by cell-free preparations of both sensitive and resistant tumors suggest that aminopeptidase M participates in the formation of L-cysteine from L-Cys-Gly. This is supported by the observation that these preparations readily degrade L-Leu-p-nitroanilide and L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala, known substrates for aminopeptidase M, but not dipeptidase. The failure of the tumors to degrade Gly-D-Ala, a dipeptidase substrate, and the marked inhibition of L-Ala-Gly, L-Cys-Gly, and L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala hydrolysis by Bestatin further support a role for aminopeptidase M in the generation of L-cysteine from L-Cys-Gly. These results suggest that the drug-resistant tumor cell has developed an efficient mechanism for maintenance of elevated GSH which involves both gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-initiated catabolism of GSH to cysteine and its reutilization by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.
 ...
PMID:Elevation of glutathione in phenylalanine mustard-resistant murine L1210 leukemia cells. 366 23

Patients with diffusely increased uptake in both kidneys (often referred to as "host kidneys") on Tc-99m-MDP bone imaging were evaluated. Among 2056 patients reviewed, this finding was seen in 13 patients (0.63%): four with liver cirrhosis, two with lung cancer, one each with primary hepatoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, thyroid cancer, leukemia, sideroblastic anemia and diabetes mellitus. Renal vascular disease and iron overload are considered to be the major causes of this finding.
 ...
PMID:Diffusely increased Tc-99m-MDP uptake in both kidneys. 645 33

Nuclear medicine imaging techniques, whether applied in the initial diagnosis or in assessing the response to therapy, are indispensable in the evaluation of malignant diseases that afflict infants and children. The major role of these techniques (bone, 67Ga and 201Tl scintigraphy, imaging with labeled leucocytes, immunoscintigraphy) is that of complementing, in an essential manner, other first choice diagnostic investigations (radiological, bioptic, etc.) such as in evaluating malignant skeletal tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemia and histiocytosis X. Nevertheless, due to their high tissue specificity and/or diagnostic reliability, 99mTc-MDP (or analogues) imaging in the screening of bone metastases, 123/131I-MIBG scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of neuroblastoma and 131I whole body scan in staging postoperatively differentiated thyroid cancers are proposed as first choice modalities. Well established (131I therapy) or recently developed (131I-MIBG therapy and radioimmunotherapy) therapeutic modalities are available today to be either integrated with or to substitute the conventional treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and neuroblastoma.
 ...
PMID:Nuclear medicine imaging in pediatric oncology. 807 80

The inhibition of human leukaemia 60 cell growth by S-D-lactoylglutathione in vitro is mediated by the inhibtion of de novo pyridimine synthesis. When S-D-lactoylglutathione was added to human leukaemia 60 cells in culture, it was hydrolysed by thiolesterase activity to reduced glutathione and D-lactate but also converted to N-D-lactoylcysteinylglycine and N-D-lactoylcysteine by gamma-glutamyl transferase and dipeptidase. The N-D-lactoylcysteine inhibited human leukaemia 60 cell growth: the median growth inhibitory concentration IC(50) value was 46.7 +/ -0.9 (N=30) and the median toxic concentration TC(50) value was 103 +/- 1 microM. Other N-(R)2-hydroxyacylcysteine derivatives, N-D-mandelylcysteine and N-L-glyceroylcysteine, were less effective inhibitors of human leukaemia 60 cell growth, whereas N-D-lactoylcysteine ethyl ester was more effective: the IC(50) value was 16.5 +/- 1.5 microM(N=8). Cytotoxic concentrations of S-D-lactoylglutathione-induced apoptosis in human leukaemia 60 cells. The S-D-lactoylglutathione was not toxic to peripheral human lymphocytes at the same concentrations but rather induced growth arrest. The expected mechanism of action of N-D-lactoylcysteine is inhibition of dihydro-orotase, which is particularly susceptible to inhibition by cysteine derivatives.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of human leukaemia 60 cell growth by S-D-lactoylglutathione in vitro. Mediation by metabolism to N-D-lactoylcysteine and induction of apoptosis. 863 74

N(2)-[alpha-O-benzyl-N-(acetylmuramyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N(6)-trans-(m-nitrocinnamoyl)-L-lysine (muramyl dipeptide C, or MDP-C) has been synthesized as a novel, nonspecific immunomodulator. The present study shows that MDP-C induces strong cytolytic activity by macrophages on P388 leukemia cells and cytotoxic activity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) on P815 mastocytoma cells. Our results also indicate that MDP-C is an effective stimulator for production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 by murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and production of interferon-gamma by CTLs. Additionally, MDP-C increases the expression levels of several surface molecules, including CD11c, MHC class I, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in BMDCs. Moreover, MDP-C remarkably enhances the immune system's responsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice for both antibody production and specific HBsAg T-cell responses ex vivo. Our results indicate that MDP-C is an apyrogenic, nonallergenic, and low-toxicity immunostimulator with great potential for diagnostic, immunotherapeutic, and prophylactic applications in diseases such as hepatitis B and cancers.
 ...
PMID:A novel immunostimulator, N-[alpha-O-benzyl-N-(acetylmuramyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-trans-(m-nitrocinnamoyl)-L-lysine, and its adjuvancy on the hepatitis B surface antigen. 1607 31

Six hundred years before Christ, Hippocrates said that physicians on exercising their medical duties, should benefit but not harm their patients. Seventy years ago increased medical radiation caused radiologists in the US an excess risk of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Now medical radiation is rather safe for the physician but the question remains if proper prophylactic measures are being taken to make it safe for the subjects examined. Roughly, first trimester of pregnancy radiography has a much greater fatal cancer risk than that of exposures taken later in pregnancy. It is suggested that women should be administered the minimum activity consistent with achieving the desired clinical information, whether or not they are known to be pregnant. The best available risk estimates suggest that pediatric CT diagnostic procedures will induce significantly increased lifetime radiation risk in children. Professor Roger Clarke wrote that there may be a need to reduce or prevent doses of medical radiation up to 3 mSv if there is no benefit to the individual. 30 mSv is described as "a dose which should not be exceeded" and can be approached only if there is a benefit to individuals and the dose is difficult to reduce or prevent. In WHO Category III a) Static brain imaging with technetium-99m pertechnetate, b) Gated cardiac imaging c) Bone imaging with technetium-99m MDP, c) Quantitative haemodynamics with technetium-99m pertechnetate, d) myocardial imaging with thallous-201 chloride and e) abscess imaging with gallium-67 citrate, induce an effective dose equivalent of 5-9 mSv. A CT scan commonly gives 25 mSv to the subject examined. BEIR VI indicated that a 10 mSv single population dose is associated with a lifetime attributable risk for developing a solid cancer or leukemia in 1:1000. Multiple CT examinations have administered to some patients with renal colic a dose of 19.5-153.7 mSv. One may suggest that there should be "justification" and informed written patients' consent for nuclear medicine examinations administering to the patient doses greater than 5 mSv, especially doses around or above 30 mSv / year.
 ...
PMID:The physician should benefit, not harm the patient. 1689 9

We synthesized a series of MDP(D,D) and nor-MDP(D,D) derivatives conjugated with adenosine through a spacer as potential immunosuppressants. New conjugates 8a-k were evaluated on two leukemia cell lines (Jurkat and L1210) and PBMC from healthy donors. The conjugates 8a-k and MDP(D,D)/nor-MDP(D,D) derivatives 7e, f, i, j were active against L1210 cell line. Unconjugated nor-MDP(D,D) had better antiproliferative properties, but the conjugates 8b, f, g had the highest values of selectivity index. Both cell lines as well as PBMC were resistant to analogs 11a, b with the 6-aminohexanoic linker.
...
PMID:Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of conjugates of adenosine with muramyl dipeptide and nor-muramyl dipeptide derivatives. 2491 76


1 2 Next >>