Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-one male and 52 female F 344 rats with leukemia used as controls in the 30-month inhalation studies were characterized by hematological and clinico-biochemical findings. Hematological findings revealed that the leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased in both sexes of leukemic rats showing profound anemia, while the platelet count, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration decreased. In these rats, the serum levels of low density lipoprotein, free cholesterol, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and triglyceride and the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase increased markedly and the level of high density lipoprotein, the oxygen partial pressure, and the cholinesterase activity decreased. Clinical signs such as decrease in redness of the eyes, decrease in body weight, abdominal distension, staining of the public region, and debility were seen in most leukemic animals. These clinical signs and hematological and clinico-biochemical findings may be helpful in diagnosis of leukemia in long-term experiments.
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PMID:Hematological and clinico-biochemical characteristics of leukemia in Fischer 344 rats. 150 22

The replacement of genetically deficient enzymes in patients with inherited metabolic disorders by infusion of purified enzymes or by organ transplantation has had very limited success, although good results with bone marrow transplantation have been obtained in some patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, Gaucher disease and inherited immunodeficiency diseases. Genetic engineering of the patient's lymphocytes may ultimately render these approaches redundant, at least for some of these diseases. Treatment of chronic pancreatic insufficiency and of disaccharidase deficiency with oral enzymes can be very effective; therapy can be monitored in the latter by measuring the breath hydrogen excretion and in the former by a range of tests of which stool chymotrypsin assay is the most convenient. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction by intracoronary perfusion of thrombolytic enzymes can improve both cardiac function and long-term survival if given early enough. Successful reperfusion can be identified by changes in the kinetics of serum enzyme release and clearance, especially for the isoenzymes and isoforms of creatine kinase. In cancer chemotherapy, L-asparaginase has long been a useful adjunct in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but recent experience suggests a role in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia as well.
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PMID:Enzymes as agents for the treatment of disease. 157 79

The effects of the linkage of daunorubicin (DNR) and the synthetic biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyethyl-L-glutamine (PHEG) on general toxicity, therapeutic efficacy, and acute organ toxicity were investigated. General toxicity was assessed by means of mortality, or body weight changes of male CBA mice weighing 22-25 g after a single-dose i.p. administration of 5 or 2.5 mg/kg DNR, free or bound. Linked DNR at a larger lethal dose significantly increased mean survival time (18 versus 12 days). Surprisingly, free DNR at a smaller dose produced larger increases in body weight as compared with linked DNR. The linkage of DNR and PHEG did not markedly change the therapeutic activity in three murine hemoblastoses--plasmacytoma MOPS 406, leukemia P388 and hemoblastosis La. Acute (24 h) changes in cardio- and hepatotoxicity were studied on female Wistar rats weighing 208 +/- 5 g after a single dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. both free and linked DNR, as well as after an administration of the PHEG polymer alone (200 mg/kg i.v.). Free DNR caused a three-fold increase in creatine kinase (CK) activity, the identical dose of linked DNR caused only a 1.7-fold increase. Free DNR administration resulted in a decrease in heart rate, other tested drugs did not significantly change either blood pressure or heart rate. Free DNR did not change the kinetics of bromsulphalein (BSP) except for a decrease in extraction effectivity. Both linked DNR and polymer alone significantly changed some kinetic parameters of BSP. The results showed that the biodegradable polymer PHEG cannot be clinically used due to its hepatotoxic action. On the other hand, a decrease in total toxicity and cardiotoxicity resulting from the linkage of DNR and PHEG, the therapeutic efficacy being preserved, stimulates the efforts to find a suitable polymer carrier of anthracyclines without more serious side-effects.
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PMID:Changes in the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of daunorubicin linked with a biodegradable carrier. 185 47

We studied the creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern in sera from 332 patients affected by hepatic cirrhosis and several neoplastic diseases (102 cirrhosis, 36 hepatocarcinoma, 16 metastatic liver tumor, 40 breast cancer, 18 other neoplastic diseases and 120 cases of leukemia or lymphoma) to evaluate both its diagnostic utility for cancer diagnosis and its power as a prognostic index. Type-2 macro CK (mitochondrial creatine kinase) was detected, with no statistical difference in cirrhosis (14%), hepatocarcinoma (16%), metastatic liver tumor (31%), breast cancer (5%) and other tumors (6%). It was not detected in any patient with leukemia or lymphoma. The presence of type-2 macro CK was unrelated to the stage of either cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma, according to Child and Okuda, respectively, nor was it correlated to serum cytolytic enzyme levels or to gamma-globulin levels. In cirrhotics, type-2 macro CK was not linked to serum levels of the following tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein, pseudouridine and gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes complexed to low-density lipoprotein. In addition, the atypical band persisted in several patients with cirrhosis monitored for six months who did not show any evidence of evolution toward hepatocarcinoma. Thus, type-2 macro CK has poor diagnostic sensitivity for neoplastic diseases, and lacks prognostic value both in cirrhosis and neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Serum type-2 macro-creatine kinase isoenzyme is not a useful marker of severe liver diseases or neoplasia. 228 11

Using malachite green single agent coloration and acetate membrane electrophoresis, we studied the cellular creatine kinase (CK) activity and its isoenzymes in 7 normal controls and 26 leukemia patients. The leukemic cellular CK activity was 12.62 +/- 4.86 u/mg protein, 2.2 times higher than the normal value (5.73 +/- 2.66 u/mg protein, p less than 0.05). Only 2 of 5 normal leukocyte samples showed '+' CK isoenzyme MM. 22 leukemia patients had CK isoenzyme. CK-BB appeared mainly in acute granulocytic leukemic, and CK-MM mainly in other types. CK-MB was also found in 6 patients. The recurrence of CK-BB may indicate atavism, and the enhanced anaerobic glycolysis and the accelerated energetic turnover may be on of the metabolic characteristics of leukemic cell.
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PMID:Leukemic cell creatine kinase and its isoenzymes. 251 61

Primary cultures of rat myocardial cells were used to investigate the dose and time-dependent cellular enzyme release induced by either Adriamycin or daunorubicin, Concentrations of either anthracycline (1.8 or 18 microM) produced significant release of creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase from myocardial cells within 24 hr of exposure without a detectable decrease in cell viability. Preincubation of the myocardial cells with varying concentrations of adenosine (10 microM to 1 mM) for 24 hr prior to the addition of anthracycline decreased or prevented drug-induced enzyme release. Other putative myocardial protectants, i.e., N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-tocopherol, or carnitine, were ineffective in preventing anthracycline-induced enzyme release. Although adenosine was an effective myocardial protectant, it had no significant effect on cellular uptake of daunorubicin, nor did adenosine adversely affect the oncolytic activity of daunorubicin against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. Anthramycin, another oncolytic agent having reported cardiotoxic effects, was also tested in the in vitro system. With this drug, however, no enzyme release was detected at less than lethal doses nor did adenosine have any protective potential against the toxicity of anthramycin. Finally, Adriamycin caused no significant lactic dehydrogenase release when incubated at 1.8 or 18 microM with H9c2 cells, a cell line having primarily skeletal muscle characteristics. This result suggests a specific toxicity of anthracyclines for myocardial but not skeletal muscle cells.
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PMID:Amelioration of adriamycin and daunorubicin myocardial toxicity by adenosine. 726 Sep 11

Using a specific radioimmunoassay for enzymically inactive creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) B protein (CK-Bi), we studied 139 patients with various malignancies. We found it to be increased in certain adenocarcinomas, including colorectal, lung, and prostate, as has also been reported for enzymically active CK-BB. Of 15 patients with leukemia or lymphomas with active disease, 12 also had increased values for CK-Bi in plasma. In these patients, concentrations of CK-Bi in plasma tended to correlate with disease activity, increasing with aggressive malignancy and decreasing on successful treatment. Thus, measurement of CK-Bi may constitute a sensitive means for detecting malignancy and, in certain subsets of patients, for monitoring therapeutic response.
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PMID:Increased inactive creatine kinase B protein in the plasma of patients with malignancy. 728 24

Infection of rat skeletal muscle cultures on the first or second day in vitro with Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) led to the arrest of myotube formation and to inhibition of both the synthesis of the muscle-specific proteins acetylcholine receptors and creatine kinase and the expression of the myosin light chain-2. Mos-specific RNA transcripts were readily detected at 1 day after infection indicating that viral genes were expressed in infected cells. In parallel, the expression of the cell growth-associated gene--c-myc--in uninfected muscle cultures was drastically reduced with time, while in MSV-infected myoblasts, the amount of c-myc-specific RNA transcripts gradually increased with time after infection. Under these conditions we could demonstrate that the interferon-induced gene (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) was transiently activated in uninfected muscle culture reaching a peak activity on the third day. Infection of myoblasts with murine leukemia virus did not alter the pattern of 2-5 synthetase activity observed in uninfected cells. However, infection with MSV on the second day led to a slight reduction in activity followed by a significant increase on the sixth and seventh day. Similarly, 2-5A synthetase gene expression was down-regulated with time in culture in uninfected myoblasts while re-expressed between the fourth and seventh days in MSV-infected cultures.
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PMID:Infection with Moloney murine sarcoma virus inhibits myogenesis and alters the myogenic-associated (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase expression and activity. 850 92

Creatine kinase (CK)-MB subunit has been recognized as a useful marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, we recently experienced one case of osteopetrosis with moderately high CK-MB and an abnormal (more than 100%) CK-MB/total (T)-CK ratio without evidence of AMI in a medical examination. We have already experienced 17 cases with an abnormal CK-MB/T-CK ratios in addition to the present case. Those cases were patients with malignant tumor with metastasis (n = 13), leukemia (2), liver cirrhosis (1), and cerebral death (1), and thereby the band of macro-CK was found in the electrophoresis. However, we detected neither the band of macro-CK nor the abnormal levels of tumor markers such as CEA, alpha-fetoprotein, CA-19-9 in the present case. Instead of the macro CK, the high level of CK-BB was detected in electrophoresis. In the medical examination, especially in screening tests, the CK-MB was generally assayed with use of the immunoinhibition method in automated analyzers. The method principle was based on the absence of CK-BB in the patient serum. Since the patient had the past history of pathological fracture in his boyhood, this patient was diagnosed as osteopetrosis. These results suggest that we must consider the possibility of osteopetrosis when an abnormal CK-MB and CK-MB/T-CK ratio without evidence of serious diseases were found. This is simply because of the assay method of immunoinhibition for CK-MB activity.
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PMID:[A case of osteopetrosis with an abnormal CK-MB/T-CK ratio]. 943 4

Myocardial enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HBD (LDH1 and LDH2), and creatine kinase (CK) and its isoenzyme were monitored in 106 cases of malignant hematologic diseases. The findings were that average values of LDH and HBD increased. There were 82.4% myocardial enzyme levels of 51 patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) returning to normal or making an obvious reduction after chemotherapy associated with drugs of heart toxicity, while there were increases of the myocardial enzyme levels before chemotherapy. Patients with the increasing of enzyme levels were only 3.9% after chemotherapy. After several courses of chemotherapy, the positive rates of the increasings of CK and CK-MB were higher than that of pretreatment. The results suggest that the injuries of myocardium are possible.
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PMID:[Changes of serum myocardial enzymes in patients with malignant hematologic diseases]. 1068 71


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