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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The origin of cells in the blast crisis of some cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) remains controversial. Difficulties arise from the lack of cytochemical characteristics of differentiation. This report concerns the nature of cells in the blast crisis of a case of CGL in which blast cells exhibited an undifferentiated or lymphoid appearance by light and electron microscopy. The majority (90%) of such cells contained a peroxidase in the endoplasmic reticulum distinct from myeloperoxidase. In addition, some micromegakaryocytes could be recognized among the peroxidase reactive cells, by the presence of typical granules and demarcation membranes. Since this peroxidase exhibited identical characteristics to that of normal megakaryocytic precursors, these blast cells could be identified as megakaryoblasts. These data emphasize the possible megakaryoblastic nature of cells occurring in other cases of CGL blast crisis.
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PMID:The blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia: megakaryoblastic nature of cells as revealed by the presence of platelet-peroxidase--a cytochemical ultrastructural study. 27 52

This work describes the detection, isolation, and partial characterization of a BALB/c mouse fibroblast cell surface antigen. This antigen migrates as a polypeptide of approximately 100,000 daltons in a discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system, can be labeled by either lactoperoxidase-catalyzed cell surface 125I iodination or metabolic incorporation of [3H]glucosamine, and can be isolated by concanavalin A affinity chromatography. This cell surface glycoprotein is antigenic in BALB/c mice and has been correlated with the rejection of immunogenic tumor cells. Also, antiserum specific for Moloney leukemia virus precipitates the 100,000-dalton cell surface protein from viral and immunogenic spontaneous transformants. This virus-related antigen comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels with the major iodinated cell surface protein of these transformants. Rabbit antiserum to the purified antigen demonstrates a marked preference for the surfaces of immunogenic tumor cells as compared with normal cells and nonimmunogenic tumor cells.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a tumor cell surface antigen from spontaneously transformed BALB/c mouse fibroblasts. 28 13

Twelve cases of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) in blast transformation have been investigated using ultrastructural peroxidase detection. In all cases, the leukaemic blasts were negative for myeloperoxidase on the basis of standard cytochemistry. In nine cases a variable proportion of blasts contained peroxidase activity detectable only by electron microscopy, permitting definition of their myeloid nature. By their distinct characteristics and localization, different peroxidase activities were recognized. Thus, several types of blasts were identified: megakaryoblasts (MKB), basophil promyelocytes (BPM), myeloid blasts with small granules containing peroxidase (MyB), and proerythroblasts (ProE). MKB were predominant in two cases and present in four cases, mixed with other myeloid blasts. BPM were abundant in one case and present in seven cases. MyB were identified as a majority in four cases. Three cases remained without any peroxidase. It is concluded that ultrastructural detection of peroxidases is of value for the identification of early myeloid blasts. Their high incidence and the simultaneous presence of several myeloid precursors suggest that during the blast crisis the target cell is frequently a pluripotent myeloid stem cell.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of peroxidases in 'undifferentiated' blasts during the blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 29 93

Mononuclear cells from seven patients with hairy cells leukaemia were examined for features suggestive of either a lymphocytic or monocytic origin. Immunofluorescent staining of both methanol fixed and incubated cells, using monospecific antisera, revealed a predominant cell-associated immunoglobulin in each case. Three were positive for mu and kappa chains, two for gamma and kappa chains, one for delta and kappa chain determinants and one reacted only with antigamma chain serum. Formation of EAC rosettes, a feature of both B lymphocytes and monocytes, was variable. T cells, as judged by E rosettes, were not elevated in any patient. Phytohaemagglutinin reactivity was normal in six and depressed in one case. With the exception of minimal activity in assays for glass adherence and latex particle phagocytosis, none of the cells showed features typical of monocytes. Hairy cells were negative by peroxidase stain and lacked the electron microscopic characteristics of monocytes. They did not react in either rosette or phagocytic assays with anti-A or anti-D coated erythrocytes nor did they elaborate granulocyte colony stimulating factor, a monocyte-derived in vitro granulopoietin. Although unequivocal classification of these abnormal cells is not possible, the data storngly suggests that this represents a variant of a B lymphocytic neoplasm.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukaemia: seven cases with probable B-lymphocytic origin. 30 39

Human and mouse lymphocytes were surface-labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, or by galactose oxidase oxidation followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. The labeled cells were lysed with Nonidet P-40. Proteins binding to Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin (HP) were isolated by affinity chromatography on HP-Sepharose and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A major cell surface glycoprotein (apparent mol. wt. 150 000, using reducing conditions) on human lymphocytes was responsible for almost all binding of HP. This protein was present on normal and malignant thymus-derived lymphocytes, e.g. thymocytes, blood T cells and T leukemia cell lines. It was also found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, one null cell leukemia line, one unidentified leukemia line, one lymphoblastoid cell line of B origin and on one stem cell lymphoma line. In contrast, this protein was not found on various B cells at different steps of differentiation, e.g. four B lymphoma lines or one myeloma line. It was also absent from a histiocytic leukemia line. However, two of the four B lymphoma lines and the myeloma line had another HP-binding surface glycoprotein (mol. wt. 200 000) instead of the 150 000 protein. Studies of mouse lymphocytes similarly showed that thymus-derived lymphocytes (normal and malignant) but not normal adult B cells expressed a major HP-binding surface glycoprotein of apparent mol. wt. 130 000 (reducing conditions).
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PMID:Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin: selectivity of binding to lymphocyte surface glycoproteins on T cells and certain B cells. 30 19

A competitive radioimmunoprecipitation method was developed for the quantitation of human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) isolated from human thymus tissue. Antisera to the antigen were raised by immunization of rabbits with purified fractions of HThy-L. The antigen was labeled with 125l by means of a modification of the lactoperoxidase technique and subjected to Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Analysis of fractions eluted from this column by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two labeled components with apparent molecular weights of 45,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively. Immunoprecipitation with anti-HThy-L antiserum demonstrated directly that the 45,000-dalton component carried HThy-L antigenicity. This fraction served as the source of labeled antigen in a competitive radioimmunoassay that permitted the detection of approximately 1 ng HThy-L. With the use of this assay, we confirmed quantitatively that the highest amounts of HThy-L were found in extracts of thymocytes, normal thymus tissues, and lymphoblasts for T-cell lines.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen. 31 Sep 9

Three lines of rat leukemia, DBLA-1, -6, and -9, were studied serologically by complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. DBLA-1, -6, and -9 were killed by anti-lymphocyte sera, anti-Thy-1.1 sera, and rabbit anti-rat brain sera absorbed with AKR/J brain. However, anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera had no cytotoxic effect on DBLA-1, -6, and -9. Furthermore, DBLA-6 and -9 did not absorb the cytotoxic activity of anti-T serum on thymocytes, while DBLA-1 slightly absorbed the cytotoxic activity. These results indicate that DBLA-1, -6, and -9 are of lymphoid origin and possess rat Thy-1 antigens, but lack mature T-lymphocyte antigens. On the other hand, peroxidase-positive myelogenous leukemia L1005 failed to react with any of the antisera used.
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PMID:Serological characterization of rat leukemia lines, DBLA-1, -6, and -9. 31 51

Leukaemias which complicate myeloma under treatment are usually acute non-lymphocytic leukaemias. We report here a case of acute leukaemia with lymphoblastic features occurring 30 months after diagnosis of myeloma. The exceptional character of this association lead us to refine the cytological diagnosis by studying surface markers and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Because of the absence of T or B markers, and the absence of peroxidase activity in the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus of blastic cells, we conclude that this leukaemia is "null" lymphoblastic.
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PMID:[Acute leukaemia with lymphoblastic features occurring during myeloma (author's transl)]. 31 28

The present resolution (75-100 A) of the conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its ability to image the surfaces of large numbers of whole cells in situ permits the approach of problems such as viral and cell surface antigen localization by immunological labeling with visual markers. Identification of virus and cell surface antigens in situ has been accomplished in indirect reactions by conjugated and unconjugated markers. Hemocyanin (Hcy) from whelk, Busycon canniculatum, has been developed as an immunospecific marker for virion and cell surface labeling in the electron microscope. Its size (approximately 30 x 50 nm) and distinct cylindrical shape permit easy visualization in the SEM and TEM. The Hcy method involves the preparation of antisera to Hcy in appropriate hosts for use in an unlabeled antibody macromolecular procedure based exclusively on antigen-antibody affinity to couple the macromolecule to the antigen site. Further correlative data from fluorescence microscopy can be obtained from similarly labeled samples by binding fluorescein to the bridging antibodies used in the Hcy technique. The usefulness of the Hcy marker system was demonstrated using antisera to the major envelope and cell surface glycoprotein (gp70) of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), a type C retrovirus. The antiserum was shown to bind to the virion and cell surfaces of virus-infected cells in the homologous virus-infected cell system. It also demonstrated the expression of R-MuLV gp70-related antigens on a murine cell line Mm5mt/c1 which produces mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV), A type B retrovirus. Furthermore, when used in the Hcy marker system this antiserum was able to distinguish type B from type C budding virus on the same cell. Examples of other marker systems (ferritin, peroxidase, colloidal gold, and latex) used to show anti-gp70 serum reactivity will be presented to demonstrate their applicability to cell surface labeling studies. Methods for the preparation of immunoreagents and labeling of cells are discussed.
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PMID:Immunologic techniques for the identification of virion and cell surface antigens by correlative fluorescence, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. 39 19

High titer, monospecific antibodies to human granulocyte myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, elastase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin were conjugated with fluorescein and rhodamine and used for immunofluorescent staining of mature neutrophils obtained from 25 patients with acute and chronic leukemia. In 11 (44%) of the patients, two populations of mature neutrophils were detected. The abnormal cells were identified by complete deficiency of one or more markers and constituted 10%-100% of the total number of neutrophils. This immunocytochemical approach may permit recognition of mature cells derived from leukemic clones, and serial determinations of the ratio of normal to abnormal cells may be useful in the management of patients with leukemia.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identification of abnormal polymorphonuclear neutrophils in patients with leukemia. 40 Aug 91


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