Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four healthy cats underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage to determine the normal cytologic environment of the lower respiratory tract of cats. Initial screening to ensure the health of the study population included complete histories, physical examinations, thoracic radiography, CBC, serologic tests for feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and occult heartworm, and sugar and Baermann fecal flotation. In 18 cats, protected catheter brush samples of airway secretions from the lavaged lung segment were taken for culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma. Bronchial lavage fluid (5 sequential 10-ml aliquots of normal saline solution) was pooled and filtered with cotton gauze. The unspun sample was used for determination of a total nucleated cell count. Lavage fluid was cytocentrifuged and 500 cells/slide were scored for determination of the cellular differential. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase and concentrations of total protein and IgG within the supernatant were measured, and assays were performed to detect the presence of IgA and IgM. Complete histologic evaluation of the lavaged lung of each of 6 random-source cats was performed after differential cell counting revealed 18% eosinophils within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid recovered from this group. Alveolar macrophages were the predominant cells encountered; however, a quarter of all cells recovered were eosinophils. A significant relationship was not found between the abundance of eosinophils in the lavage fluid, and either isolation of aerobic bacteria, high total nucleated cell counts, total protein concentrations, or activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Histologic evaluation of the lungs of 5 of 6 random-source cats revealed normal lungs in 2 cats, and minimal abnormal change in 3 others. Evaluation of the lungs from 1 random source cat revealed acute, mild eosinophilic bronchiolitis. We conclude that large numbers of eosinophils may be retrieved from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy cats.
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PMID:Cytologic, microbiologic, and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from 24 healthy cats. 192 12

Thirty-seven patients with adult T-cell leukemia had serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) estimated at presentation. A significant association was found between beta 2M and the subtypes of the disease: beta 2M in the acute type is significantly higher than in the chronic and smoldering types (p less than 0.01), and beta 2M in the lymphoma type is apparently higher than in the chronic and smoldering types, although the difference between the lymphoma and chronic types was not statistically significant. An apparent reduction in beta 2M levels after chemotherapy was observed in 7 patients who reached partial or complete remission. One patient who was resistant to chemotherapy showed elevated beta 2M values even after intensive chemotherapy. In another patient, who attained partial remission with a concordant reduction in beta 2M, renewed elevation of beta 2M was observed in parallel with exacerbation of other parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), WBC, calcium and clinical manifestations. Correlation analysis was carried out between beta 2M, LDH, calcium, lymphoid cell count and the grade of clinical severity. The beta 2M level was moderately correlated with LDH, calcium, the grade of clinical severity but not with the lymphoid cell count. The clinical severity also correlated with LDH and calcium but to a lesser extent than with beta 2M. These data support the use of the beta 2M in the evaluation of adult T-cell leukemia.
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PMID:Serum beta 2-microglobulin in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. 195 Mar 59

The clinical significance of pleural effusion was assessed in 24 children with unresectable abdominal small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (St. Jude Stage III). Patients were consecutively enrolled and treated on a regimen including high dose fractionated cyclophosphamide and co-ordinated high dose methotrexate and cytarabine. The overall results were excellent, with 20 of 24 patients alive and event-free at a median follow-up of 4 years. Only one of the patients who lacked pleural effusion has relapsed (testicular), even though many had massive disease. In contrast, three of seven patients with pleural effusion have failed treatment (p = 0.02) and subsequently died. Two measures of tumor burden, serum lactic dehydrogenase and, in a subset of patients, interleukin-2-receptor levels, were significantly higher in patients with pleural effusion (p = 0.002 and p = 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that unresectable abdominal small non-cleaved cell lymphoma associated with pleural effusion should be up-staged and that these patients should receive more intensive chemotherapy.
Leukemia 1991 Jan
PMID:Pleural effusion is associated with a poor treatment outcome in stage III small non-cleaved cell lymphoma. 199 58

The authors examined peripheral blood samples from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 which detects a nuclear antigen present in actively proliferating cells. In patients with chronic ATL, the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells was significantly lower than in acute ATL patients (median values, 3.3% versus 18.9%, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells and the length of survival (P less than 0.001). Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels also showed a significant inverse correlation with survival, but this was less strong than that for Ki-67 (0.01 less than P less than 0.02). Thus, Ki-67 positivity appears to indicate the aggressiveness of ATL, and can possibly be used for the clinical classification of ATL patients as well as for the prediction of prognosis.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in adult T-cell leukemia. 201 61

Serum deoxythymidine kinase (TK) was measured in 15 patients with the acute type of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), in 4 with chronic ATL, in 10 with lymphoma type ATL, in 9 with pre-ATL, in 11 with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) associated with myelopathy (HAM) and in 19 HTLV-I carriers. All these patients were positive for anti-HTLV antibody. The level of TK in pretreatment serum was highest in acute ATL (15.6-1600 U/l, median 107 U/l). It was elevated in chronic ATL (5.4-55.0 U/l, median 37.6 U/l) and lymphoma ATL (6.8-316 U/l, median 16.8 U/l) but normal in pre-ATL (1.8-4.7 U/l, median 2.8 U/l), HAM (1.2-6.0 U/l, median 3.0 U/l) and HTLV-I carriers (1.1-4.6 U/l, median 2.3 U/l). Statistical examination revealed a significant difference between the levels of acute ATL and chronic ATL/lymphoma ATL. In the patients of this series, a close correlation between the level of TK and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was statistically present (p less than 0.01). These facts indicate that TK level is a useful indicator of the aggressiveness of ATL cells.
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PMID:Serum deoxythymidine kinase in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and its related disorders. 201 11

Clinical and biological features were assessed in 114 consecutive previously untreated adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients whose diagnosis was based on FAB criteria and detailed immunophenotyping. All patients received standard intensive chemotherapy. The main purpose of this study was to establish the prognostic value, if any, of terminal transferase (TdT) expression in myeloid leukaemia. TdT positive cells (7-80% of total blast cells) were detected in 40% of the cases. Among clinical characteristics, a low lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (less than 250 I.U.) (P = 0.003), a low initial white blood cell count (less than 10 x 10(9)/l) (P = 0.002), and an absolute neutrophil count (less than 5 x 10(9)/l) (P = 0.02) were associated with TdT-positivity. FAB classification was not predictive of TdT expression, and there was no difference in the distribution of FAB subtypes between the groups. Multivariate analysis combining clinical and laboratory data indicated that a low expression of the monocytic antigen CD14 was predictive of TdT positivity in AML (P = 0.01). Karyotyping showed no difference in the pattern of occurrence of specific abnormalities between the TdT+ and the TdT- group. When clinical and immunophenotype data were included in a prognostic model, the patient's age was highly predictive of response (P less than 0.001), and only the CDw65 antigen contributed to the response model (P = 0.07). TdT+ patients with a low expression of CD11b achieved a higher frequency of response at a borderline level of significance (P = 0.06). Frequency of response to chemotherapy, the response duration or overall survival were not influenced by TdT expression.
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PMID:Terminal transferase expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: biology and prognosis. 204 81

Cytogenetic analysis of cells from 622 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and successful G-banding chromosome studies disclosed seven cases with the t(11;14)(p13;q11) and one with the t(11;14)(p15;q11). Leukemia cells in all eight cases had a T-cell immunophenotype. The t(11;14)(p13;q11) occurred in 6.8% and the t(11;14)(p15;q11) in 1% of T-cell ALL cases (n = 103). The t(11;14) was associated with presenting clinical features typical of T-cell ALL: male predominance (n = 6), age greater than 10 years (n = 3), hyperleukocytosis (white blood cells greater than 100 x 10(9)/L, n = 5), relatively high hemoglobin level (median, 10.8 g/dL), high serum lactic dehydrogenase level (median, 3248 U/L), presence of mediastinal mass (n = 6), and central nervous system leukemia (n = 2). While there were no significant differences in presenting features between T-cell ALL cases with or without the t(11;14), leukemic cells from patients with the translocations were more likely to coexpress CD4 and CD8 antigens (6 of 6 v 35 of 86 cases tested, P less than .05). Adverse events have occurred in six patients: three central nervous system relapses [including the one with t(11;14)(p15;q11)], two secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and one hematologic relapse. Our results indicate that the t(11;14)(p13;q11) occurs exclusively in T-cell malignancies of intermediate- or late-stage thymocyte differentiation. Additional studies are needed to determine the prognostic implications of these translocations.
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PMID:Clinical and biologic features of childhood T-cell leukemia with the t(11;14). 207 82

A total of 161 cases of pediatric de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) have been reviewed, for which complete karyotyping was available and three cases (2%) were identified with t(10;11)(p14;q21). Two of the three children were infants with monoblastic (FAB M5) leukemia and the third was an adolescent with undifferentiated myeloid (FAB M1) leukemia. Both infants presented with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase. None of these cases had increased eosinophils. One of the infants is in remission 18+ months after diagnosis and intensive chemotherapy; the two other children attained brief initial remissions but succumbed to their disease within 11 months of diagnosis. The prognosis of such children appears to be similar to that of cases of AML lacking this translocation.
Leukemia 1991 Jul
PMID:The t(10;11)(p14;q21) translocation in three children with acute myeloblastic leukemia. 207 41

As a result of the diversity of lymphoid structures in the head and neck, we analyzed clinical characteristics and outcomes of 87 consecutive children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) arising in this region to determine if the nodal versus extranodal primary site influences prognosis. Thirty-one children had primary nodal NHL whereas 56 had extranodal NHL. The two groups were similar in the distribution of age, gender, race, serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and disease stage. However, extranodal tumors were slightly more likely to have small non-cleaved cell histology (32/56 versus 11/31, p = 0.07) than nodal tumors. In a multivariate analysis, extranodal involvement (p = 0.017), advanced stage disease (p = 0.054) and treatment era (p = 0.056) were each significantly associated with a shorter time of event-free survival. Children with extranodal and extralymphatic NHL had an even worse treatment outcome than did others (p = 0.006). The poor prognosis of extranodal involvement was also evident among children with stage I or II NHL. We conclude that extranodal involvement has an adverse influence on treatment outcome in children with NHL arising in the head and neck region.
Leukemia 1991 Jul
PMID:Extranodal primary tumor site indicates poor prognosis in childhood head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 207 48

This report describes three cases with Down's syndrome. These cases initially had transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), from which they recovered spontaneously. They finally developed into overt acute leukemia characterized by an increase of blasts, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated lactic dehydrogenase. Of these three cases, one was thought to have ANLL, which broke out 5 months after spontaneous remission. The other two had ALL, each occurring 8 and 9 years later. Chromosomal abnormality, in addition to trisomy 21, was detected in blast cells from one of the patients with acute leukemia. All three patients with acute leukemia experienced complete remission. However, two of the three patients relapsed and died. It is noted in the literature that remission is permanent in most cases of TAM, and is rarely terminated by leukemic relapse. In view of our observations, the importance of following up on such patients who evidence apparent remission of their leukemia-like disorder is emphasized.
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PMID:[Transient abnormal myelopoiesis followed by acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome]. 215 Apr 19


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