Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five cases of acute leukemia (AL) with the t(4;11) translocation were investigated for the immunoglobulin heavy chain, kappa, lambda, TCR beta and TCR gamma gene rearrangements. All patients presented with high-risk features and had survival times of less than two years. Two cases were classified by immunological phenotyping as acute null-AL(L), one case as pre B-cell ALL (CD10+) and two cases expressed both immature B-cell markers CD19 and CD24 and myelomonocytic markers CD15 and CD14, suggesting mixed lineage leukemia. In two cases more than two rearranged fragments for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene could be detected by Southern blot analysis. In the other cases at least one allele of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was rearranged. Germline configuration of the T-cell receptor genes and lack of light chain gene rearrangement suggest that an early B-precursor cell is involved in the transformational events in these cases of ALL. Our own and published data indicate that acute leukemia with t(4;11) translocation might be more frequently associated with more than two rearranged fragments for the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes and run a very aggressive course.
Leukemia 1992 May
PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the (4;11) translocation: combined cytogenetic, immunological and molecular genetic analyses. 137 95

Detailed immunophenotypic analyses of immunologically classified leukemias and lymphomas showed that CD40 displays an exquisite B-lineage specificity within the human lymphopoietic system. Notably, 82% of B-lineage chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs), 82% of B-lineage hairy cell leukemias (HCLs), 86% of B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and 29% of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) were CD40+. Quantitative analyses of the correlated expression of CD40 and other B-lineage differentiation antigens on fetal lymphoid precursor cells by multiparameter two-color/three-color flow cytometry, combined with analyses of sequential antigen expression on fluorescence-activated cell fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) isolated immunologically distinct fetal B-cell precursor subpopulations during in vitro proliferation and differentiation, provided evidence that the acquisition of CD40 antigen in human B-cell ontogeny occurs subsequent to the expression of CD10 and CD19 antigens but before the surface expression of CD20, CD21, CD22, CD24, and surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM). Some leukemic pro-B cells from ALL patients as well as normal pro-B cell clones from fetal livers displaying germline Ig heavy chain genes were CD40+, indicating that the acquisition of CD40 antigen likely precedes the rearrangement of Ig heavy chain genes. CD40+ FACS-sorted malignant cells from B-lineage ALL as well as B-lineage NHL patients were capable of in vitro clonogenic growth, indicating the CD40 antigen is expressed on clonogenic leukemia and lymphoma cells. This hypothesis was confirmed by the ability of an anti-CD40 immunotoxin that we used as an antigen-specific cytotoxic probe to effectively kill clonogenic B-lineage ALL and NHL cells.
 ...
PMID:Temporal association of CD40 antigen expression with discrete stages of human B-cell ontogeny and the efficacy of anti-CD40 immunotoxins against clonogenic B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. 170 26

To detect more precisely the minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two-color flow cytometric analysis for the detection of cell-surface antigen (CD10; CALLA) and nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was performed in the six patients with CALLA-positive ALL coexpressing TdT. In all patients, the leukemic blasts coexpressed Ia (HLA-DR), CD9, CD19, CD20, CD24, and CD10. Five of six patients achieved complete remission, but one has so far relapsed. No leukemic blasts (CD10+, TdT+) were detected at the time of complete remission. During maintenance chemotherapy, leukemic blasts coexpressed C10 and TdT were found 2.32% in the patient's peripheral blood by two-color analysis, whereas no obvious leukemic cells were recognized morphologically. The patient relapsed leukemia with the same phenotype 4 weeks after the examination. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that two-color flow cytometric analysis with the use of these antibodies is quite valuable to detect the minimal residual leukemic cells in a patient with ALL. The reduction of leukemic cells below the threshold of detection of methods currently available appears to be necessary to achieve a cure in ALL. Hence accurate diagnosis of ALLs with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) should contribute substantially to the development of an effective form of therapy for their cure.
 ...
PMID:Detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies. 183 4

The recent introduction of new methods to identify different lymphocytic subsets has made it possible to recognise a rare variant of the classic hairy cell leukaemia, showing intermediate features between prolymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia. A 37-year-old patient is reported who followed a mildly aggressive clinical course and had massive splenomegaly without lymph node enlargement. Moderate leucopenia with lymphocytosis was present, with frequent hairy cells carrying one prominent nucleole. The cytochemical pattern include tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase positivity, and the immunophenotype of such cells was CD22++, CD11++, CD24-, CD25-, CD2-, CD5-, CD19++. No lamellar ribosomal complex was seen in the ultrastructural study of the hairy cells. The patient was diagnosed as having variant hairy cell leukaemia and achieved partial response after splenectomy. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this rare variant are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Variant hairy-cell leukemia: immunophenotypic and ultrastructural study of a case]. 186 52

A B-lymphoblastoid cell line ESKOL, composed of differentiated cells resembling hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) has been established from the peripheral blood (PB) of a HCL patient. Morphologically, ESKOL cells share several features with HCL B cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ESKOL cells express HC2, CD21, PCA-1, CD24, FMC7, and CD25. Analysis by Northern-blot hybridization indicated that cultured cells expressed the oncogenes c-myc, H-ras and c-fos. RNA from 3T3 cells transfected with ESKOL DNA hybridized with H-ras and c-fos DNA probes. The ESKOL cells cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations, of alpha interferon demonstrated a decrease in the rate of cellular growth and an increase in the expression of CD21, CD25, FMC7 and PCA-1. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that cells incubated in the presence of alpha interferon underwent membranous changes with a loss of villosity. These observations suggest that IFN tends to drive HC out of their developmental arrest towards maturation.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a new cell line (ESKOL) resembling hairy-cell leukemia: a model for oncogene regulation and late B-cell differentiation. 189 54

The t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal abnormality was identified in 40 (2%) of 1,986 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This translocation was associated with female sex (63%), age less than 1 year (60%), hyperleukocytosis (median leukocyte count, 156.5 x 10(9)/L), CD10-/CD19+ B-precursor cell immunophenotype, and myeloid-associated antigen (CD15) expression (63%). Nearly all cases had at least some CD24- blast cells. The CD10-/CD15%/CD19+/CD24/+ phenotype was found in 20 of the 32 t(4;11) cases tested. None of the 40 cases had the cytogenetic finding of hyperdiploidy greater than 50, which is a favorable prognostic feature. For clinical comparison, the t(4;11) cases were divided into three groups according to age at diagnosis: less than 1 year (n = 24), 1 to 9 years (n = 8), and greater than or equal to 10 years (n = 8). Compared with older patients, infants were more likely to have initial central nervous system leukemia (P = .05) and less likely to have pre-B-cell ALL (P = .05). Complete continuous remission has been maintained in only 7 of 24 infants and 2 of 8 patients aged greater than or equal to 10 years, in contrast to 7 of 8 children in the intermediate age group (P = .048). These findings suggest that the t(4;11) is an adverse prognostic feature in these two age groups.
 ...
PMID:Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the t(4;11)(q21;q23): a collaborative study of 40 cases. 193 60

The surface phenotype of neoplastic plasma cells from peripheral blood of plasma cell leukaemia patients and bone marrow of patients with myelomatosis was investigated with two monoclonal antibody panels including 50 selected from the B cell panel of the IVth International Workshop on Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. The majority of myelomas expressed CD24 (HB8 epitope only), CD38, CD44, CD54, and the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody 8A. A range of other antigens may also be expressed including CD10, CD32 (FcR II), CD19, CD20 and MHC Class II. Antigens expressed by myeloma plasma cells can be considered in three groups: (a) antigens associated with lymphocyte and plasma cell differentiation: (b) antigens which are not lineage specific: and (c) molecules concerned with lymphocyte recirculation and intercellular adhesion (CD44 and CD54). The significance of CD44 and CD54 expression by plasma cells and the potential interaction of plasma cells with T lymphocytes and monocytes is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Surface antigen expression of human neoplastic plasma cells includes molecules associated with lymphocyte recirculation and adhesion. 204 83

A human plasma cell leukaemia cell line (HSM-2) and a subclone (HSM-2.3) have been established from the bone marrow of a patient with bi-phenotypic leukaemia. Proliferation assays using a variety of cytokines demonstrated that HSM-2 proliferated in response to recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6), but did not respond to rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-3, rIL-4, rIL-5, recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF), or recombinant granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF), and that HSM-2.3 responded to rIL-3 and rIL-6. HSM-2 expressed the CD38 (OKT10), PCA-1, cytoplasmic-IgM, and surface kappa light chain. HSM-2.3 expressed the CD14 (My4), CD33 (My9), CD38 (OKT10), CD19 (B4), CD24 (OKB2), CD10 (J5), PCA-1. HSM-2 and HSM-2.3 are useful tools for analysing the possible role of IL-3 and IL-6 in the oncogenesis of plasma cell leukaemia.
 ...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a plasma cell leukaemia cell line dependent for growth on IL-6 and a bi-phenotypic subclone dependent upon both IL-3 and IL-6. 206 60

About 85% of children with ALL have leukemic blasts that express cell membrane antigens associated with B-cell lineage, although few are surface immunoglobulin positive. Patients differ from children with ALL of T-cell lineage in that they tend to be younger, less predominantly male, and less likely to have a mediastinal mass or CNS leukemia at diagnosis, and they have a lower leukocyte count. Leukemic blasts from these children are more likely to be hyperdiploid. However, B cell-lineage ALL is not homogeneous either. It includes infants, children, and adolescents; it includes patients with leukemic blasts that either express or fail to express CD10, CD24, and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. B cell-lineage ALL includes patients with blasts showing hyperdiploidy and patients with blasts with translocations such as t(4;11), t(1;19), and t(9;22). In general, outcome for patients with B cell-lineage ALL is superior to the outcome of those with T cell-lineage ALL in univariate analysis. However, when comparisons are stratified by age and leukocyte count, any apparent prognostic advantage for children with B cell-lineage ALL is diminished. The addition of effective CNS prophylaxis to effective systemic chemotherapy made cure a reality for about one half of children with ALL. Subsequent work has made it possible to omit cranial irradiation and its sequelae for most children with ALL. At least three regimens have offered an unambiguous improvement over the original St. Jude prophylactic CNS therapy regimen. These regimens are the BFM 76/79 regimen, the New York regimen, and the Dana-Farber regimen. Cure appears possible for 70% of children. These regimens differ markedly in detail, but appear to benefit similar subsets of patients. Identification of their critical therapeutic elements is one challenge for the future. A second challenge is the early identification of patients likely to do poorly on these effective regimens, whether by age under 1 year, specific blast morphology, cytochemical findings, immunophenotype, cytogenetic findings, drug pharmacokinetic features, or early response to antileukemic therapy. The third challenge is continued awareness of the acute morbidity of therapy and its impact on the lives of children and their families, together with a heightened vigilance for likely long-term sequelae. Most children with lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States are referred to cancer treatment centers for the initiation of therapy. Over one half of the children who are diagnosed participate in formal clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Primary treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of non-T cell lineage (including infants). 226 85

We have analysed the immunological characteristics of blasts from 89 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases (62 adults and 27 children), by using a panel of antilymphoid and myeloid associated monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and the APAAP method, which detects membrane and cytoplasmic expression of antigens. The McAb CD19 was the marker most consistently expressed in B lineage ALL, being positive in 100% of cases, compared to CD24 and CD22 expressed in 82% and 79%, respectively. Similarly, for the T lymphoid lineage, the McAb CD3 was the most reliable and specific marker, being expressed in all T-ALL cases including those with an early thymic phenotype (CD7+, TdT+). Lymphoblasts from eight adults (12.9%) and three children (11.1%) expressed one to four myeloid associated antigens recognized by CD13, CD14, CD33 and anti-myeloperoxidase. There were no substantial clinical and morphological differences between the two ALL groups with or without myeloid associated markers. However, the presence of myeloid associated markers in adult ALL was associated with a significantly lower complete remission (CR) rate (P = 0.05) and with a shorter survival (P = 0.001); this variable was independent of advanced age and high WBC. It is concluded that immunophenotypic analysis in ALL should include myeloid markers for its probable prognostic implications.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of the presence of myeloid associated antigens in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 237 6


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>