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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Suppressor cells from syngeneic P815 mastocytoma-bearing DBA/2 mice that inhibit in vitro generation of specific anti-tumor cytotoxicity were characterized. Suppressive activity was almost completely eliminated by treating suppressive spleen cells with anti-theta serum and complement. Treatment with anti-mouse lg serum and complement or with carbonyl iron did not affect their suppressive activity. When suppressive thymocytes from P815 tumor-bearing DBA/2 mice were tested for their capacity to inhibit the generation of cytotoxicity against L1210 cells, a leukemia line in DBa/2 mice, they did not affect the activity, indicating that the supressor cells in the thymocytes of P815 tumor-bearing mice are specific to the tumor. When Ficoll-Hypaque density cell separation was carried out with cytotoxic spleen cells and suppressive spleen cells from 815 tumor-bearing mice, the dense fraction was enriched for kiler cells whereas the suppressive activitty was mainly recovered in the light fraction. Therefore, killer cells and suppressor cells in P815 tumor-bearing mice are thought to be distinct populations.
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PMID:Characterization of suppressor cells in mice bearing syngeneic mastocytoma. 6 23

The ability of leukemic leukocytes to support the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied. Mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of lymphoid leukemias were isolated on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and infected with HSV at a multiplicity of infection of 5 to 10. No virus growth was detected in cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (9), acute lymphocytic leukemia (1), or lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (2), HSV replication did occur in hairy cell leukemic MNL from all of 4 patients studied. Maximal titers of 10(3.7) to 10(4.7) PFU/ml occurred 1 to 7 days after incubation. By electron microscopy, herpesvirus particles were seen in the nuclei of these infected cells after 3 days of culture, but none was seen in the cells not exposed to virus. Fluorescent antibody examination confirmed the presence of HSV antigens in the nuclei of infected hairy cells. No difference in the adsorption or penetration of the virus was found with the various MNL studied. Productive infection of the cells thus appeared to depend on the ability of the leukocyte ;o support a later stage of infection, either uncoating or replication of the virus.
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PMID:Replication of type I herpes simplex virus in primary cultures of hairy cell leukemic leukocytes. 20 67

The rosette-forming capacity of bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was determined with dextran and 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Both dextran and AET-enhanced rosette formation; however, AET-treated SRBC detected a larger percentage of rosette-forming cells and thus was used in this study. The specificity of rosette formation by bovine thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes was shown by (1) demonstration of rosettes and surface-membrane immunoglobulins sIg) on different cells in PBL and nylon-wool fractionated lymphocyte populations and (2) rosette formation by a large percentage (83--90%) of thymocytes from three bovine foetuses and two 14-month-old heifers. A procedure was also developed to identify bovine monocytes by latex phagocytosis and 10--30% latex-ingesting cells were detected in PBL preparations isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque flotation. The frequency of sIg-bearing latex-ingesting, and sIg-bearing latex non-ingesting cells in bovine peripheral blood was also determined. These procedures were utilized to determine the distribution of T and bone-marrow derived (B) lymphocytes in peripheral blood of normal and lymphocytotic cattle. PBL from twenty normal cattle contained approximately 63% T and 11% B (sIg+ latex non-ingesting) lymphocytes. In peripheral blood of three cattle with persistent lymphocytosis, a prodromal stage of bovine leukaemia, the percentage of B cells was elevated approximately to 59% whereas T lymphocytes decreased to 35%, thus providing additional evidence that persistent lymphocytosis is a B-cell disease.
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PMID:Enumeration of T cells, B cells and monocytes in the peripheral blood of normal and lymphocytotic cattle. 31 76

We have used in vitro immunotherapy before autologous bone marrow transplantation for three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Bone marrow was removed during remission, and mononuclear cells were separated by density-step centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. The cells from each patient were treated with a heteroantiserum and complement to eliminate leukemic cells and were cryopreserved. Following chemotherapy and total body irradiation, the treated marrows were thawed and infused. All the patients showed positive evidence of returning marrow function before death. One patient who survived 4 months showed no evidence of leukemia at post mortem, and marrow sections demonstrated active hematopoiesis of all cell lines.
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PMID:Autotransplantation after in vitro immunotherapy of lymphoblastic leukemia. 40 Jun 84

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 24 patients with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) were isolated using a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and stained by indirect immunofluorescence using a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies against B cell restricted and associated antigens, including HLA DR (Ia), CD19, CD21 (C3dR) surface membrane immunoglobulin (Slg), CD10 (CALLA), C3b, B5, CD25 (TAC), PCA1, T9, and T10. The cells were also tested for the FMC7, defined previously on PLL cells and the RAB1, a newly described hairy cell leukemia antigen. Thirteen out of the 24 samples expressed with variable intensity all the above antigens. While Ia, CD19, CD20, FMC7, and RAB1 were strongly or moderately expressed in all, the complement receptors (CD21 and C3b) were only weakly expressed in 12 cases; and the activation antigens B5, TAC, T9, T10, and PCA1 were found with variable intensity in two-thirds of the cases. In 50% of the cases tested, the CD5 antigen (usually strongly expressed on B CLL cells) was weakly to moderately expressed. These findings (absence or weak expression of complement receptors with variable expression of activation antigens) suggest that the PLL cells are activated B cells. When stimulated in vitro by anti-mu and TPA, (phorbol ester) tumor cells showed a decrease in CD21 and Slg and a stronger expression of CD25, T9, T10, and PCA1, with evidence of Ig secretion in four out of the seven cases studied. This confirms that the PLL cells arrested at an advanced stage of differentiation progressed narrowly to more differentiated cells. In view of our findings, we believe that the term prolymphocytic leukemia is inaccurate to define the stage of cell differentiation, and we suggest calling the disease preplasmacytic leukemia.
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PMID:Further characterization of prolymphocytic leukemia cells as a tumor of activated B cells. 984 Sep 14

The occurrence and frequency of aphidicolin-induced common chromosomal fragile sites were examined in 12 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients (ten males and two females) and three normal individuals. The mononuclear cells separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient were cultured in vitro for 96 hours stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in combination with T-leukemia cell conditioned medium or 10% B-cell growth factor. For the final 24 hours the cells were treated with aphidicolin (0.07 microgram/ml). Results indicate that there was a significant reduction in the overall mean frequency of common fragile sites in CLL patients with a wide individual variation. Fragile sites were found to be localized either on a single chromatid or both chromatids, but rarely involved homologous chromosomes. No definite relationship between the frequency of fragile sites and the staging of CLL disease was observed. A significant reduction and variability in the frequency of fragile sites suggest the heterogenous nature of B-CLL and probably a different mechanism of induction of fragile sites in CLL cells compared to controls.
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PMID:Reduced expression of aphidicolin-induced common fragile sites in peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 249 14

A patient with prolymphocytic leukemia was immunophenotyped by whole blood and Ficoll-Hypaque methods. Discordance was noted between the two methods, especially for the HLE1, B1, I2, and T1B monoclonal markers. The disparity in results reflected the use of 15 X 10(6) cells versus 1 X 10(6) cells per reaction tube. This report represents a variable antigen excess problem with certain monoclonal antibodies while immunophenotyping a patient with leukemia by a whole blood flow cytometry method. The problem was resolved when both labeling methods used 1 X 10(6) cells per reaction tube. The results helped to encourage the vendor of the authors' commercial whole blood system to modify their procedure accordingly, but two other vendors have not yet made similar modifications. It suggests all commercial whole blood methods must be modified to accommodate for the leukocyte count and differential of the patient. Otherwise, the sensitivity of flow cytometers as used in traditional immunophenotyping protocols will not distinguish weakly stained cells from negative controls.
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PMID:False negative results resulting from antigen excess by immunophenotyping a leukemia patient with a whole blood method. 264 10

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the technique of premature chromosome condensation to detect the in vivo maturation of abnormal elements in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute leukemia. Patients were chosen for study if there were a clinical suggestion of in vivo maturation and a leukemic clone exhibiting a distinguishable karyotypic abnormality. Mature peripheral blood granulocytes were enriched by two-step Ficoll-Hypaque gradient sedimentation and fused with mitotic Chinese hamster ovary cells to induce the formation of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC). These PCC were then analyzed for chromosome number per cell (in the case of patients with a numerical abnormality) or by G-banding (in the case of specific translocations). Of 13 patients chosen for study, 12 showed karyotypic evidence for maturation of the abnormal elements in vivo. Maturation was observed in a number of clinical situations including before treatment in benign CML and myelodysplasia, after low-dose and high-dose chemotherapy in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and in remission. These results suggest that the technique of premature chromosome condensation can be a powerful tool in better understanding the biology of disease and mode of response to therapy in vivo in patients with leukemia and preleukemic syndromes, especially during treatment with agents thought to induce maturation of the leukemic elements.
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PMID:Detection of leukemic clone maturation in vivo by premature chromosome condensation. 319 73

The distribution and localization of NCA and carcinoembryonic antigen CEA in cells of different types of myelogenous leukaemias (acute myelogenous leukaemia - AML; chronic granulocytic leukaemia - CGL; CGL in myeloblastic crisis - CGL-BC) was studied using the immunofluorescence test. Discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation was used to separate myeloid cells into fractions containing granulocytes in individual stages of maturation. Serum NCA and CEA levels were estimated in parallel. It was established that: (a) AML blasts without maturation (MO type) and monoblasts did not synthesize NCA; (b) individual blasts of AML with features of maturation (M1, M2 types) and some myeloblasts of CGL-BC exhibited a limited ability to express cytoplasmic NCA; (c) the number of NCA-containing cells increased in the more mature granulocyte fractions isolated on Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradients; (d) myelocytic NCA is immunologically related to NCA isolated from lung tissue and (e) CEA is undetectable in the myelocytic cell series.
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PMID:Non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) in individual maturation stages of myelocytic cell series. 388 13

Leukemic blasts from 774 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) have been phenotyped by microcytotoxicity testing with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and heteroantisera as part of a Pediatric Oncology Group classification study of acute leukemia. One hundred twenty-two cases, or 16% were designated as T cell leukemia based on the reactivity of blast cells with previously well-characterized antisera (PT) against a T lymphocyte-associated antigen. Using this antisera-based definition as a standard, we looked for a monoclonal antibody combination that would be a suitable substitute. An algorithm calling for reactivity with either monoclonal antibody 3A1 or Leu-1 was a 92% sensitive and 97% specific predictor of PT reactivity. Only 27 of 755 cases of leukemia were incorrectly classified using this algorithm. Subsequently, Ficoll-Hypaque-separated bone marrow cells from 118 additional patients with ALL (21 of whom had T cell ALL) were stained by immunofluorescence using a combination of directly fluoresceinated 3A1 and Leu-1. Reactivity of 20% or more of the cells with this antibody combination was a 100% sensitive and 94% specific indicator of T cell ALL defined by PT positivity; with a higher cutoff value for positive values, or the use of supplemental tests, even this small number of false-positives could be eliminated. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody combination is a satisfactory replacement for our heteroantisera definition of T cell ALL.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody definition of T cell acute leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. 388 60


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