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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 71-year-old woman had a history of recent weight loss and bilateral decreased visual acuity, bilateral serous detachment, and mental depression. Fluorescein angiograms showed a myriad of retinal pigment epithelial leakage points. Despite extensive evaluation, the cause of her weight loss and ocular process remained uncertain until her death, when postmortem examination revealed leukemia infiltrates of many organs, including the choroid. After death, we correlated the clinical signs and fluorescein angiograms with the histopathologic findings. This case shows that choroidal disease may be a symptom of undetected leukemia.
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PMID:Acute ocular leukemia. 44 42

Lymphoid cells from 20 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, Sezary syndrome, lymphoma, and lymphadenitis, were studied for redistribution of surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg) and concanavalin A (Con-A) receptors. Fluorescein-labeled polyvalent goat anti-human immunoglobulin and fluoresceinated concanavalin A were used as ligands. Results were similar with both ligands. The highest percentage of capping of ligand-membrane receptors was noted in mononuclear cells from patients with "hairy" cell leukemia: from 24% to 90%. These cells showed moderate to marked fluorescein activity and were able to cap within 15 min at 4 degrees C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells showed a weak fluorescein stain with a very low percentage of cells (0%--16%) capping. Lymph node cells from patients with lymphoma demonstrated moderate to strong fluorescein activity with only an average of 3% of the cells capping; while lymphoid cells from patients with lymphaedenitis showed an average of 27.5% capping and moderate fluorescein activity. Capping of Con-A receptors in mononuclear cells from patients with Sezary syndrome was poor (0%--14%) with moderate fluorescein intensity. This report demonstrates difference in density and mobility of binding sites for SmIg and Con-A on the surface membrane of lymphoid cells from various subclasses of lymphoproliferative disorders. These differences may assist in the differential diagnosis and classification of these conditions.
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PMID:Membrane receptors and their redistribution in lymphoproliferative disorders. 46 33

Immune serum was prepared in the rabbit with BAI strain A leukosis virus isolated by centrifugal fractionation from the plasma of chickens with myeloblastic leukemia and further purified on a potassium tartrate gradient. Antibody to group-specific antigen was demonstrated in the serum by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Fluorescein-conjugated serum was used unabsorbed and absorbed with chick cells for study of acetone-fixed chick embryo cells uninfected or infected with strain MC29 avian leukosis virus. With unabsorbed serum, large numbers of cytoplasmic particles stained in a few cells within 2 hr after exposure to virus, and the cell number increased greatly in 24 hr. Absorption of the serum abolished the early reaction. Staining with absorbed serum was delayed until about 14 hr after culture exposure to virus, but essentially all cells were stained within 72 hr at the time when all cells were morphologically altered. Differences between the responses to unabsorbed and absorbed serum suggested cytoplasmic formation or concentration of chick tissue antigen similar to that incorporated in leukosis virus particles. The characteristics of staining with absorbed serum were similar to those observed by others in analogous studies with avian tumor viruses.
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PMID:Reaction of chick embryo cells infected with leukosis strain MC29 virus with fluorescein-labeled antibody. 418 77

Periarteritis Nodosa (P.A.N.) is a systemic connective tissue disease with a variety of manifestations that includes ocular involvement in 20% of cases. The diagnosis of this condition is difficult due to the absence of any specific clinical signs or laboratory findings. However, histologic studies have demonstrated a segmental vasculitis that is often necrotic. Ocular findings frequently include choroidal involvement that is characteristic. Nevertheless, angiographic studies of this disease are extremely rare. The findings in three patients suspected of having P.A.N. are presented. Fluorescein angiography established the diagnosis of P.A.N. in two cases and ruled-out its presence in the third case. In the first case angiography demonstrated a retinal vasculitis with multiple arteriolar and capillary occlusions. There was also ischemic involvement of the choriocapillaris and a mild anterior optic nerve vasculitis. All findings resolved, leaving numerous Elschnig spots. In the second case the angiogram showed acute multifocal ischemia of the choriocapillaris. The ocular examination and fluorescein angiogram in the third case were entirely normal, thereby ruling-out P.A.N. on the basis of insufficient criteria. Acute multifocal choroidal ischemia is present in a variety of rare conditions: Toxemia of pregnancy, Disseminated Intravascular coagulopathy, Moskowitz Disease (T.T.P.), Leukemia and Malignant Hypertension. However, the presence of multifocal choroidal ischemia in the presence of a systemic connective tissue disorder strongly favors the diagnosis of P.A.N. The relative contributions of co-existent Malignant Hypertension and P.A.N. in producing choroidal ischemia are discussed. The spectrum of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in P.A.N. as well as hypotheses concerning pathogenesis (immune-complex deposition) are described. Among all systemic vasculitis , only P.A.N., and rarely Scleroderma, feature choroidal involvement. This is possibly due to the fact that the degree of vasculitis in P.A.N. is sufficiently severe to cause clinically significant choroidal involvement.
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PMID:[Fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa]. 614 75

Rex protein, the post-transcriptional regulator of human T-cell leukemia virus type I, is located predominantly in the cell nucleolus and is associated with the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced and singly spliced viral mRNAs. The N-terminal 19-amino acid segment of Rex has been identified as the nucleolar targeting signal (NOS) and shown to be important for Rex function. To study the molecular interaction between the NOS region of Rex and its binding host protein(s) in the nucleolus, we chemically synthesized a functional NOS peptide (wild type) and mutant NOS peptides. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated functional NOS peptide was rapidly taken up by human cells and was transported to the nucleolus. Using affinity chromatography, we identified nucleolar protein B-23 as the major protein that binds to NOS. We also identified two highly acidic regions of B-23 (amino acids 120-132 and 161-188) as acceptor regions for NOS. Previous experiments have suggested that B-23 functions as a shuttle protein for the nucleolar transport of ribosomal components. Our results suggest that B-23 may also serve as a shuttle for the import of Rex from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus coupled to the export of viral mRNAs containing the Rex-responsive element.
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PMID:Nucleolar targeting signal of Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I specifically binds to nucleolar shuttle protein B-23. 831 59

Expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR-1) gene product, P-glycoprotein (P-170), and the stem cell antigen, CD34, at diagnosis were determined using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) MRK-16 and 12.8 respectively, in 130 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients entered onto Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) study CCG-2891. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as a second step reagent was employed for the measurement of P-170 expression since it is commonly used in clinical laboratories. Nine of 30 (30%) infant ( < 1 year of age) de novo specimens expressed P-170 at levels > or = 20% of control cells. In contrast, eight of 100 (8%) AML samples from older children ( > or = 1 year of age) expressed the multidrug resistance surface protein at diagnosis. With the exception of one infant, all de novo samples that expressed P-170 also expressed CD34. Pediatric patients of any age with positive P-170 expression using MoAb MRK-16 with a FITC-conjugated second step reagent fared no worse than remaining patients treated on the same treatment with regard to induction failure, incidence of relapse, event-free survival, or overall survival. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether P-170 assay systems with greater sensitivity will distinguish pediatric AML patients with poor prognosis.
Leukemia 1995 Dec
PMID:Cell surface expression of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-170) as detected by monoclonal antibody MRK-16 in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia fails to define a poor prognostic group: a report from the Childrens Cancer Group. 860 15

To report an unusual case of leukemia presenting as both bilateral exudative retinal detachment (ERD) and central diabetes insipidus (DI), we evaluate the clinical hematological records including bone marrow aspirations and CSF tapping, both osmolarity and electrolytes concentration of the serum and urine, brain MRI, fundus photographs and fluorescein angiographs in this 25-year-old female patient. Examinations of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M0). Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed bilateral ERD, dense choroidal leukemia cell infiltration with overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and focal areas of choroidal infarction. Changes in both osmolarity and electrolytes concentration of the serum and urine from vasopressin test supported the diagnosis of central DI. Central DI and ERD may be presenting signs of acute leukemia and both may represent CNS involvement. In our case, dense choroidal leukemic cell infiltration results in devitalization of RPE and choroidal infarction. Leukemic disruption of hypothalamic pituitary area may lead to complete or partial deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Rapid improvement in visual acuity and partial symptom relief of DI may ensue from appropriate chemotherapy and nasal DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) supply.
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PMID:Acute leukemia presenting as diabetes insipidus and bilateral exudative retinal detachment--a case report. 1148 47

We used a screening procedure to identify protein domains from phage-displayed cDNA libraries that bind both to bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells and tumor vasculature. Screening phage for binding of progenitor cell-enriched bone marrow cells in vitro, and for homing to HL-60 human leukemia cell xenograft tumors in vivo, yielded a cDNA fragment that encodes an N-terminal fragment of human high mobility group protein 2 (HMGN2, formerly HMG-17). Upon i.v. injection, phage displaying this HMGN2 fragment homed to HL-60 and MDA-MB-435 tumors. Testing of subfragments localized the full binding activity to a 31-aa peptide (F3) in the HMGN2 sequence. Fluorescein-labeled F3 peptide bound to and was internalized by HL-60 cells and human MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells, appearing initially in the cytoplasm and then in the nuclei of these cells. Fluorescent F3 accumulated in HL-60 and MDA-MB-435 tumors after an i.v. injection, appearing in the nuclei of tumor endothelial cells and tumor cells. Thus, F3 can carry a payload (phage, fluorescein) to a tumor and into the cell nuclei in the tumor. This peptide may be suitable for targeting cytotoxic drugs and gene therapy vectors into tumors.
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PMID:A fragment of the HMGN2 protein homes to the nuclei of tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells in vivo. 1203 2

Poliovirus receptor-related (PRR) proteins belong to the Nectin-adhesion molecules' group, are expressed on endothelial cells and on CD34(+) stem cells and mediate the organization of endothelial and epithelial junctions. There is evidence to suggest, that those receptors could have a role in leukemia. We have studied the expression of PRR molecules PRR1 and PRR2 on mononuclear bone marrow (BM) cells of 55 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at first diagnosis by FACS-analysis using directly Phycoerythrin-labeled markers (PRR1 clone R1.302.12; PRR2 clone R2.477.1) in combination with other Fluorescein conjugated antibodies to evaluate the blast phenotype in AML. The leukemic gate included blasts and residual monocytes and lymphocytes. A case was defined as positive, if more than 20% of the gated cells expressed the regarding receptor. We could demonstrate, that on average 35% PRR1(+) or 45% PRR2(+) cells in AML were found. Within FAB-types we observed a high PRR1 expression in cases with M3 and M4 and lowest expressions in M0 and M5; a high PRR2 expression was found in cases with M3, M4, M5 and M1 and lowest expressions in M0 and M2. Separating our patients' cohorts in cytogenetic risk groups we could detect a significant higher proportion of PRR1(+) cases (73% vs. 25% of cases, P = 0.009) or PRR1(+) cells (57% vs. 18% of cases, P = 0.001) in the cytogenetic favorable risk vs. poor risk group (75% vs. 32% PRR2(+) cases). Moreover cut-off-values with a maximum probability for a significant differentiation between cases with higher or lower levels of these markers could be found: cases with >78% PRR1(+) and cases with >77% PRR2(+) cells were characterized by a tendency for longer relapse free survival times. Qui-square analyses showed, that 3 of 4 cases with FAB-type M3 (P = 0.03) or a favorable karyotype (P = 0.04) were found in the group with >7% PRR1(+) cells, due to only few cases available a similar correlation, however, could not be found in cases with >78% PRR2(+) cells. We can conclude, that blasts in AML regularly express PRR1 and PRR2. Cases with a high expression of PRR1 or PRR2 are characterized by a more favorable prognosis. With respect to the individual PRR-status the benefit of biological response modifiers as priming agents, differentiation mediators or factors influencing cellular metabolisms inducing factors can be discussed under a new point of view.
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PMID:Expression of poliovirus receptor-related proteins PRR1 and PRR2 in acute myeloid leukemia: first report of surface marker analysis, contribution to diagnosis, prognosis and implications for future therapeutical strategies. 1631 59

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a central role in sustaining the malignant phenotype and promoting tumor metastasis. The Ser(88)-Arg-Ser-Arg-Tyr(92) is the minimum chemotactic sequence of uPAR required to induce the same intracellular signaling as its ligand uPA. Here, we describe the generation of new peptide inhibitors of cell migration and invasion derived from SRSRY by a drug design approach. Ac-Arg-Glu-Arg-Phe-NH(2) (i.e., RERF), which adopts a turned structure in solution, was selected for its ability to potently prevent SRSRY-directed cell migration. Fluorescein-RERF associates with very high affinity to RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing the human formyl peptide receptor (FPR). Accordingly, femtomolar concentrations of RERF prevent agonist-dependent internalization of FPR and inhibit N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-dependent migration in a dose-dependent manner. In the absence of FPR, fluorescein-RERF binds to cell surface at picomolar concentrations in an alphav integrin-dependent manner. The involvement of vitronectin receptor is further supported by the findings that 100 pmol/L RERF selectively inhibits vitronectin-dependent RBL-2H3 cell migration and prevents SRSRY-triggered uPAR/alphav association. Furthermore, RERF reduces the speed of wound closure and the extent of Matrigel invasion by human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells without affecting cell proliferation. Finally, a 3- to 5-fold reduction of lung metastasis number and size in nude mice following i.v. injection of green fluorescent protein-expressing HT1080 cells in the presence of 3.32 mg/kg RERF is observed. Our findings indicate that RERF effectively prevents malignant cell invasion in vivo with no signs of toxicity and may represent a promising prototype drug for anticancer therapy.
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PMID:Structure-based design of an urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-derived peptide inhibiting cell migration and lung metastasis. 1970 34


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