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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A high proportion of peripheral-blood lymphocytes formed spontaneous rosettes with mouse red cells in 22 out of 23 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); the proportion was significantly higher than in 19 cases of other B-lymphoproliferative disorders (non-CLL group) and in 19 normal controls. Intermediate findings were obtained in 10 cases of "hairy" cell leukaemia. Blast cells from various types of acute leukaemia did not bind mouse red cells. Pre-treatment of the lymphocytes with neuraminidase led to a significant increase in the proportion of rosettes in CLL only. This test may prove useful in distinguishing CLL from other B-lymphoproliferative disorders, particularly prolymphocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:Mouse red-cell rosettes in B-lymphoproliferative disorders. 108 42

Blast cells from a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia-hand mirror variant were examined using various techniques, including light and ultrastructural morphologic examination, cytochemical analysis, surface antigen characterization, cytogenetic analysis, and gene rearrangement studies. The blast cells were found to be pre-B cells (CD19+ and Tdt+) that also expressed the myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 and demonstrated a heavy chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Cytogenetic studies revealed a t(11;19) translocation previously described in biphenotypic leukemias. A subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-hand mirror cells has been previously defined and includes predominately female patients with an indolent course. The authors' findings place this case, a mixed leukemia, within that subgroup. The possibility of mixed lineage should be considered in future cases of hand mirror variants of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, hand mirror morphologic features in any case of acute leukemia should alert the hematopathologist/hematologist to the possibility of mixed lineage.
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PMID:Hand mirror variant of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Evidence for a mixed leukemia. 128 57

In order to investigate the role of T-cell receptor (TcR)-delta and TcR-gamma gene rearrangements and/or deletions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) coexpressing T-cell-associated antigens (i.e. CD2 and/or CD4 and/or CD7), we examined blasts from a selected group of 56 AML cases (25 children, 31 adults) coexpressing either of these antigens without cytoplasmic CD3 expression. Forty-four typical AML cases (7 children, 37 adults) without T-cell associated antigens were further studied as controls. Germline configuration of the TcR-delta gene was observed in 91 out of the total of 100 AML cases investigated. Eight of nine cases with rearranged or deleted TcR-delta genes coexpressed T-cell-associated antigens. Blast cells of 7/9 cases were classified as FAB M1, two as FAB M2. In six of these cases TcR-gamma gene rearrangements were also detected. TcR-delta alterations were predominantly found in children whose blasts coexpressed T-lymphoid associated antigens (6/25, 24%), but were rarely detected in adult AML with or without coexpression of T-cell antigens (2/31 and 0/37, respectively).
Leukemia 1992 Dec
PMID:Rearrangements of T-cell receptor delta, gamma and beta genes in acute myeloid leukemia coexpressing T-lymphoid features. 133 55

Blast cell morphology of children with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) entering two national multicentre trials was prospectively reviewed by three haematologists to define the clinical importance of (a) French-American-British (FAB) classification, (b) the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and (c) the presence of 'hand-mirror' cells. Of 2135 evaluable children, 1907 (89%) had FAB L1 morphology and 228 (11%) L2. (L3 patients were not eligible for the trials in question). L2 patients more frequently had residual disease 14 d after starting treatment and had a significantly inferior disease-free survival, but not if the analysis was stratified for age, sex and diagnostic white cell count (WBC). 627 (29%) had blast cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles, and showed a significant survival advantage over the remainder. Vacuoles were positively associated with a low WBC, age range 1-6 years and blast cell positivity for CD10, but their benign influence was apparent even when these variables were taken into account. 'Hand-mirror' (HM) cells were only studied in UKALL X, and were noted in 316/1402 (23%) children. There appeared to be an inverse correlation between HM cells and cytoplasmic vacuoles and a weak association with T-cell immunophenotype, but no prognostic significance was evident. FAB classification appears to be of less prognostic importance than has previously been supposed, though L2 disease is more resistant to current remission induction regimens. Hand-mirror cells may be more common in T-ALL, but are seen in all types and are not related to prognosis. Cytoplasmic vacuoles are predictive of a good response to current therapeutic schedules even allowing for other prognostic variables, and are the single most important morphological feature relating to prognosis in childhood ALL.
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PMID:Cytomorphology of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective study of 2000 patients. United Kingdom Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. 152 Jun 24

The availability of an in vitro assay able to detect hematopoietic progenitor cells closely related to those responsible for marrow engraftment following autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) prompted us to establish a procedure aimed at maximally increasing the concentration of the cyclophosphamide derivative mafosfamide used for marrow purging. It, therefore, was the aim of the present study to investigate in a group of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL; n = 19) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 19) in complete remission the effect of mafosfamide at the level of adherent blast colony-forming units (blast colony-forming units, CFU-Blast), as well as multipotential (granulocyte erythrocyte macrophage megakaryocyte colony-forming units, CFU-GEMM), erythroid (erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E), and granulocyte-macrophage (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, CFU-GM) progenitor cells. When nonadherent marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) were incubated (30 min, 37 degrees C) with increasing doses of mafosfamide (30-120 micrograms/ml), a statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.0005) dose-dependent suppression of CFU-Blast growth was observed. The mean (+/- 1 standard error of the mean [SEM]) values of 50% inhibition (ID50) of the CFU-Blast growth were not significantly different for ANLL (106 +/- 5) and ALL (107 +/- 5) patients. Analysis of CFU-Blast ID50 distribution demonstrated that ID50 ranged from 100 to 120 micrograms/ml in 17 cases (45%), whereas it ranged from 60 to 100 micrograms/ml in 12 cases and from 120 to 160 micrograms/ml in 9 cases. A statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05), dose-dependent suppression of colony growth from multi-potential and lineage-restricted progenitor cells was also observed. However, the value of CFU-Blast ID50 was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) than CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, and CFU-GM ID50 and ID95 values. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that: 1) the CFU-Blast assay allows to detect on an individual basis the doses of mafosfamide used for marrow purging, and 2) the concentrations of mafosfamide extrapolated by using the CFU-Blast assay are significantly higher than those obtained with the CFU-GM assay. The absence of any detrimental effect on marrow engraftment in vivo supports the safety of the CFU-Blast assay to evaluate the dose of mafosfamide used for marrow purging before ABMT.
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PMID:Differential sensitivity of adherent CFU-blast, CFU-mix, BFU-E, and CFU-GM to mafosfamide: implications for adjusted dose purging in autologous bone marrow transplantation. 156 48

A 57-year-old male who had suffered from polycythemia vera (PV) and had been treated with pipobroman, carbazilquinon and busulfan for ten years presented with fever. CBC revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia without an increase of leukemic blasts (WBC, 7,700/microliters, RBC 294 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 9.1 g/dl, Plt 1.5 x 10(4)/microliters). Bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed hyperplastic marrow with fibrosis and no increase in leukemic blasts. Eleven days later the patient became leukemic and he died of DIC. Blast cells showed a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, basophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic blebs. Cytochemical and immunophenotype analysis of the blast cells showed the following results; myeloperoxidase (-), chloroacetate esterase (-), Sudan black (-), acid phosphatase (+), acetate esterase (+), PAS (+), HLA-DR (+) and GPIIb/IIIa (+). Platelet peroxidase reaction on electron microscopy was positive in perinuclear spaces and endoplasmic reticulum. A diagnosis of megakaryoblastic transformation of PV was made. Although acute myelogenous leukemia has been shown to develop occasionally in the course of PV, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with DIC following PV is a very rare condition.
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PMID:[Megakaryoblastic transformation associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in the course of polycythemia vera: a case report]. 160 15

In this study we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factors (TNF alpha and TNF beta) are potent modulators of the in vitro proliferation of human AML cells. Blast cells from 11 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were incubated with recombinant TNF alpha or TNF beta in serum-free 3H-TdR uptake and colony culture systems in the presence or absence of recombinant interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), G-CSF, or M-CSF. Depending on the supplemented CSF, TNF could upregulate or suppress AML blast proliferation. Enhancement of AML growth by TNF was observed in the presence of IL-3 (in 9 of 11 cases in 3H-TdR assay; 6 of 9 cases in colony assay) and GM-CSF (in 8 of 11 cases in 3H-TdR assay; 4 of 9 cases in colony assay). In certain cases in which IL-3 or GM-CSF alone was unable to induce proliferative responses of AML cells, the simultaneous addition of TNF elicited colony growth and DNA synthesis suggesting a synergistic action between TNF and IL-3 or GM-CSF. In contrast, TNF suppressed G-CSF-induced growth (9 of 10 cases in 3H-TdR assay; 5 of 6 cases in colony assay). TNF could also stimulate DNA synthesis (in 2 of 11 cases) or colony formation (in 2 of 9 cases) in AML cultures without the addition of other growth factors. Experiments with neutralizing antibodies and specific radioimmunoassays for individual CSFs showed that the synergistic and antagonistic effects of TNF on AML growth could not be attributed to a release of one of these CSFs by the AML cells. The opposing consequence of exposure of AML blasts to TNF are of interest in view of our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML growth and the in vivo application of recombinant cytokines in AML patients.
Leukemia 1990 Jan
PMID:Modulation of colony stimulating factor-(CSF) dependent growth of acute myeloid leukemia by tumor necrosis factor. 168 38

Blast cells from 26 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were examined, by single and "two-colour" flow cytometry, for relationships between membrane CD11b (monoclonal antibody OKM1), CD11c (KB90) and CD14 (Leu-M3). Increased expression of all three determinants was associated with myelomonocytic leukaemias, with their relative diagnostic value in discriminating monocytic (M4 and M5) from non-monocytic (M1, M2 and M3) subtypes being CD14 greater than CD11c greater than CD11b. However, the results also indicated, because of the heterogenous expression of CD11c in particular, and to a lesser extent CD11b, that the patterns or histograms of fluorescent staining were potentially more informative than an empirical subdivision of blasts into positive and negative subpopulations. In addition, analysis of phenotypic correlations by simultaneous two-colour fluorescence showed that the expression of CD11b and CD11c determinants by leukaemic myeloid blasts was highly correlated, in contrast to the expression of CD14 and CD11c which were relatively independent. Consequently, CD11c+ myeloid blasts almost always coexpressed CD11b whereas CD14+ cases of AML often comprised CD14+ CD11c+ and CD14+ CD11c- subpopulations. It is concluded from these observations that CD11c immunophenotyping is a useful supplementary investigation, particularly in CD14- cases of myelomonocytic leukaemia. However, it is also apparent that the presence of membrane CD11c per se is not lineage-specific and that the level of expression is perhaps a more discriminatory factor.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of membrane CD11b, CD11c and CD14 expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: relationships with monocytic subtypes and the concept of relative antigen expression. 168 68

In human cancer, lysosomal hydrolases contain increased amounts of phosphorylated sugar chains. Sugar chains of the hydrolases undergo post-translational processing which is catalyzed by N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) at the first step. In the present study we estimated serum GlcNAc-phosphotransferase in 50 adults suffering from leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The serum GlcNAc-phosphotransferase was increased to moderate or high levels in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia, suggesting that the serum transferase is released from leukemic cells. In many cases of ANLL examined, activity of the transferase was decreased concomitantly with reduction of peripheral blastic cells by effective chemotherapy.
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PMID:Increased N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity in sera from patients with leukemia. 184 3

A monoclonal antibody (MoAB) has been developed which reacts with a previously unidentified hematopoietic cell surface protein called MKW. This MoAB (anti-MKW) does not cluster with antibodies in any of the known cluster groups of differentiation. Blast cell expression of MKW was studied in 196 consecutively diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 69 children with previously untreated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and four children with secondary AML. MKW expression, clinical, laboratory and cytogenetic features at diagnosis, and treatment response and duration were examined for significant correlations. MKW was expressed on blasts from 12.8% of children with ALL and 24.6% of children with de novo AML. The expression of MKW appears to be more common in patients with secondary AML (three of four) than de novo AML (17 of 69). In patients with AML, the expression of MKW was correlated with an elevated initial leukocyte count (p = 0.0005) and poorer disease-free survival (p = 0.04). In patients with ALL, the expression of MKW was associated with a lower hemoglobin level (p less than 0.05) and a lower complete remission rate (p = 0.02). At a median follow-up of 4.6 years ALL patients with greater than or equal to 50% MKW+ blasts had a poorer event-free survival (EFS) than both MKW+ patients with 25-49% positive blasts (p = 0.03) and MKW+ patients (p = 0.0001). The disease-free survival was also poorer for ALL patients with greater than or equal to 50% MKW+ blasts (p = 0.02). In Cox regression analysis, the expression of MKW had an independent prognostic significance in children with ALL. As MKW is a unique cell surface antigen and its expression has prognostic significance in acute leukemias in children, further study in a larger series of patients is warranted.
Leukemia 1991 Jan
PMID:Expression of a novel surface antigen MKW in childhood acute leukemia has prognostic significance. 199 57


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