Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in elderly people. The clinico-hematological profile and treatment outcome of patients with CLL were assessed using retrospective case record analysis over 11 years. There were 95 (75 males: 20 females) patients with a median age of 61 years. Thirty patients were aged 55 years or less (young CLL patients) and 65 were more than 55 years of age (elder CLL patients). Sixty percent patients had non-specific complaints, such as weakness, cough and indigestion. Twenty-six (27%) patients had pallor and 24 (25%) had fever as initial presenting manifestation. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 7 patients. Seven patients were diagnosed incidentally. Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were seen in 52 (55%), 63 (66%) and 60 (63%) patients, respectively. The median white blood cell count and absolute lymphocyte counts were 70,600 and 51,490/mul, respectively. Three patients had autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Twenty-five patients (26%) had anemia with hemoglobin < 11 g/dl and thrombocytopenia with platelet count 100 x 10(3)/mm(3) was seen in 17 (18%). Interstitial nodular, mixed and diffuse bone marrow (BM) involvement was seen in 10.2, 67.3, 6.1 and 16.3% cases, respectively. Eighteen (60%) young patients and 35 (54%) older patients required treatment with chlorambucil. The mean time from initial diagnosis to treatment was 4.6 +/- 10.7 months. None of our patient attained complete response. Six patients obtained partial response. Median duration of chlorambucil was 7 months (1-86 months). Forty-six patients had stable disease. Three patients died. Median survival of study group was 4 years (8 months-13 years). In older CLL it was 4 years (8 months-11 years) and in young patients, survival duration was 5.5 years (1-13 years).
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PMID:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in India--a clinico-hematological profile. 1755 98

A 14-year-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented to Tehran University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a persistent fever, anorexia, intermittent vomiting, weight loss and weakness. The main clinical signs were pale mucous membranes, dehydration and splenomegaly. The complete blood count and serum biochemistry tests revealed non-regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for feline leukaemia virus was negative. Blood film and bone marrow examination revealed a large number of immature eosinophils with variable sizes and numbers of faintly azurophilic granules. Cytochemical staining of blood film demonstrated 70% positive cells for ALP activity. Four percent CD34 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. As eosinophilic leukaemia is difficult to identify by light microscopy, well-defined diagnostic criteria and the use of flow cytometry and cytochemical staining can improve the ability to correctly diagnose this type of leukaemia in cats.
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PMID:Eosinophilic leukaemia in a cat. 1766 77

Acute megakarioblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare myeloproliferative syndrome with a fulminant clinical course characterized by progressive pancytopenia, palior, weakness and severe haemorrhage. Two cases of AMKL are presented: a 18-year old male with pancytopenia and massive haemorrhage, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and mediastinal tumour. The diagnosis of AMKL was established by cytological and immunocytochemical analyses of peripherial blood cells (blasts were GPIIIa and GPIb postitive), by histological analysis or the bone marrow and lymph node, and immunohistochemical analysis of lymph node. The second case had megakarioblastic transformation of HGL which was confirmed by cytomorphological and immunophenotypical analyses. In spite of therapy, the patients died soon after the first signs of the disease.
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PMID:[Acute megakarioblastic leukemia: de novo and transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia]. 1797 64

The authors report a case of intraspinal mass associated with recurrence of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adolescent male who presented with numb chin syndrome at initial diagnosis of the leukemia. The patient developed sensory changes, later on motor weakness, and eventually paraplegia. An emergent MRI scan showed an intraspinal mass at the level of T9 vertebra. Biopsy obtained during laminectomy revealed a mass composed of lymphoblasts immunophenotypically identical to the patient's known leukemia. Surgical decompression and dexamethasone were ineffective in restoration of the neurological deficits. Intraspinal extramedullary relapses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of leukemic patients with neurological symptoms.
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PMID:Spinal cord compression in an adolescent with relapsed B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mental neuropathy. 1879 86

An 83-year old female was given an intravitreal injection of 0.4 ml of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) by her local ophthalmologist for age-related maculopathy with a large choroidal neovascularisation in the left eye. During the injection, globe explosion occurred with nasal limbal rupture and extrusion of intraocular contents. Emergency primary wound repair was performed at the Eye Surgery Centre Erlangen-Mitte. During surgery, a 9 mm limbal rupture with prolapse of half of the iris and subconjunctival extrusion of the complete natural lens was discovered. After lens removal, anterior vitrectomy and iris repositioning, the wound was closed and the eye left aphakic. The further postoperative course was unremarkable and the patient retained her preoperative visual acuity of counting fingers. In this case, several factors may have contributed to the dramatic events: relative nanophthalmus (preoperative refraction + 5.0dpt), scleral weakness secondary to chemotherapy for leukemia, older age, and a relatively large volume of injected TA. The intravitreal injection of drugs may cause serious complications. Paracentesis or limited pars plana vitrectomy should be considered prior to intravitreal injection in high-risk cases to prevent such disastrous complications.
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PMID:[Globe explosion due to intravitreal injection]. 1908 91

A 57-year-old male patient in the first remission of acute erythroid leukemia underwent reduced-intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation. He developed grade III acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on day 29. Although the acute GVHD was resolved with tacrolimus and steroid therapy, weakness developed in the left upper extremity on day 59. Neurological examination demonstrated asymmetric muscular weakness of the extremities with the proximal part of the left upper extremity being markedly affected. Neurophysiological studies suggested that this was due to immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was administered at a dose of 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days and worsening of clinical symptoms ceased. While the patient developed diarrhea and chronic GVHD of the skin and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia was repeatedly positive, neurological exacerbation was stabilized. Neurological symptoms did not immediately improve after the second and third dose of IVIG. Approximately 50 days after the third dose of IVIG, neurological symptoms improved with the gradual resolution of diarrhea and CMV reactivation. Although the pathophysiology of polyneuropathies after allo-SCT is not well understood, some reports suggest an association with GVHD or alloreactive T cell expansion following antecedent infection. This case provides valuable information regarding the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy following allo-SCT.
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PMID:[Asymmetric peripheral neuropathy following reduced-intensity cord blood transplantation]. 1911 May 21

Acute biphenotypic leukaemia (BAL) is an uncommon haematological malignancy with features of myeloid and lymphoid origin and poor overall prognosis. We report a 68-year-old man who presented with rapidly progressive upper thoracic spinal cord compression secondary to an extradural lesion. A T2-3 decompressive laminectomy with tumour excision was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of acute biphenotypic (B/myeloid) leukaemia. The patient had only minor post-operative improvement in pyramidal lower limb weakness. He succumbed to the disease three months post-diagnosis after failing induction chemotherapy. While central nervous system involvement with acute leukaemia is well recognised, this is the first reported patient with spinal cord compression secondary to this leukaemia subtype.
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PMID:Spinal cord compression as the initial presentation of acute biphenotypic leukaemia. 1981 14

Thrombotic complications in acute leukemia are often underestimated because bleeding complications generally dominate the clinical picture. While there are many thrombogenic factors shared by both solid tumors and leukemia, many additional prothrombotic features are present in leukemia. The prothrombotic factors include hyperleukocytosis, increased expression of tissue factor and its activation in leukemic cells, and the prothrombotic adverse effects of therapeutic agents and vascular access cathethers. A 18-year old woman came with swelling on her right leg 10 days before hospital admission. Since 2 months before she had had weakness, pallor and fever without bleeding manifestation. Hematologic examinations showed anemia, leukocytosis with monoblast and thrombocytopenia. Deep vein thrombosis in right femoral and right popliteal vein was confirmed using compression ultrasonography. The treatment of such complications is challenging because of the high risk of hemorrhage in this group of patients, especially due to their severe thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Deep vein thrombosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. 2012 17

A 48-year-old female presented with a rare case of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) occurring as only intracerebral mass lesion manifesting as progressively worsening headaches, transient mild weakness of the left lower extremity, bilateral papilledema, and left homonymous hemianopsia. Laboratory examination showed transient leukocytosis (15900/microl) without febrile episode or elevation of C-reactive protein. Neuroimaging revealed a solitary enhanced mass lesion in the right occipital lobe adjacent to the choroid plexus with prominent perifocal edema. The patient underwent gross total removal, and the histological diagnosis was intracerebral ATL. She underwent radiation therapy and chemotherapy after local recurrence and metastasis to an optic nerve. The lesions had disappeared on magnetic resonance imaging with contrast medium 10 months after onset and no recurrence was detected even 5 years later. Intracerebral ATL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracerebral mass without leukemia or systemic lymphoma.
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PMID:Pure intracerebral mass lesion of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma--case report. 2058 77

Muscular dystrophies are heritable, heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders and include Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD, respectively). DMD patients exhibit progressive muscle weakness and atrophy followed by exhaustion of muscular regenerative capacity, fibrosis, and eventually disruption of the muscle tissue architecture. In-frame mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to expression of a partially functional protein, resulting in the milder BMD. No effective therapies are available at present. Cell-based therapies have been attempted in an effort to promote muscle regeneration, with the hope that the host cells would repopulate the muscle and improve muscle function and pathology. Injection of adult myoblasts has led to the development of new muscle fibers, but several limitations have been identified, such as poor cell survival and limited migratory ability. As an alternative to myoblasts, stem cells were considered preferable for therapeutic applications because of their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation potential. In recent years, encouraging results have been obtained with adult stem cells to treat human diseases such as leukemia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and muscular dystrophies. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be derived from mammalian embryos in the blastocyst stage, and because they can differentiate into a wide range of specialized cells, they hold potential for use in treating almost all human diseases. Several ongoing studies focus on this possibility, evaluating differentiation of specific cell lines from human ESCs (hESCs) as well as the potential tumorigenicity of hESCs. The most important limitation with using hESCs is that it requires destruction of human blastocysts or embryos. Conversely, adult stem cells have been identified in various tissues, where they serve to maintain, generate, and replace terminally differentiated cells within their specific tissue as the need arises for cell turnover or from tissue injury. Moreover, these cells can participate in regeneration of more than just their specific tissue type. Here we describe multiple types of muscle- and fetal-derived myogenic stem cells, their characterization, and their possible use in treating muscular dystrophies such as DMD and BMD. We also emphasize that the most promising possibility for the management and therapy of DMD and BMD is a combination of different approaches, such as gene and stem cell therapy.
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PMID:Stem cell therapies to treat muscular dystrophy: progress to date. 2062 90


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