Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has a wide variety of clinical presentations. The most common ones include leukemia, hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin lesions. We report a case of ATLL in a 73-year-old woman who presented initially with chest discomfort and shortness of breath. The patient had no peripheral lymphadenopathy, circulating lymphoma cells, hepatosplenomegaly, or skin lesions. CT scan showed small mediastinal lymph nodes and pericardial effusion. Diagnosis was established by cytomorphologic evaluation and flow cytometric analysis of the pericardial fluid. Cardiac involvement is a rare event in ATLL and, when present, usually is a late finding in the setting of disseminated disease. This case was unusual because the patient lacked all common clinical features of ATLL. We present this case so as to increase awareness that ATLL could initially present with pericardial effusion. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac involvement are also discussed.
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PMID:Pericardial effusion: a rare presentation of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 1555 Dec 79

Uveitis is the inflammation of any or all parts of the vascular tunic of the eye; the vascular tunic includes the iris, the ciliary body, and choroid. A good knowledge base, up-to-date reference materials, and good instruments will improve the diagnosis of uveitis. Feline uveitis can be caused by numerous infectious agents in addition to neoplasia and less likely trauma. The infectious causes most commonly associated with feline uveitis include feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline infectious peritonitis, systemic fungal infections, toxoplasmosis, and bartonellosis. Neoplastic causes of uveitis can be primary or secondary. Iris melanoma is the most common primary uveal neoplasia and trauma-associated sarcoma is the second most common primary uveal neoplasia. Treatment for the clinical signs of anterior uveitis include topical steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, parasympatholytic agents for ciliary spasm, to keep the pupil dilated, and to prevent posterior synechia. Posterior uveitis should be treated with systemic medications that will address the underlying cause. Enucleation of blind, painful eyes not responsive to medications is a means to alleviate the animal's discomfort and to further diagnose the underlying cause.
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PMID:Feline uveitis: diagnosis and treatment. 1594 26

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for BCR-ABL mRNA in the peripheral blood (RQ-PCR) provides an accurate and reliable measure of response to therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We wanted to determine in what circumstances additional clinically relevant information was provided by simultaneous cytogenetic analysis in RQ-PCR monitored patients receiving imatinib treatment. We analysed 828 simultaneous RQ-PCR and bone marrow cytogenetic analyses from 183 patients with chronic phase CML with a median follow-up of 20 months. Cytogenetic progression was defined as Philadelphia (Ph)-positive clonal evolution, loss of complete cytogenetic response or an increase of > or = 20% Ph-positive cells. Cytogenetic progression occurred in 24/183 (13%) patients. At the time of cytogenetic progression, none of the 24 patients had a major molecular response (MMR; > or = 3-log reduction in BCR-ABL from standardised baseline). There were 320 RQ-PCR results from 95 patients indicating MMR. No abnormality was detected in any of the corresponding cytogenetic analyses. A policy of regular RQ-PCR monitoring with cytogenetic analysis targetted only to patients who have not achieved, or have lost MMR would represent a rational approach to monitoring and spare most patients the discomfort of multiple marrow aspirates. This approach depends upon availability of an accurate, reproducible RQ-PCR assay with ongoing quality assurance.
Leukemia 2006 Apr
PMID:Limited clinical value of regular bone marrow cytogenetic analysis in imatinib-treated chronic phase CML patients monitored by RQ-PCR for BCR-ABL. 1648 10

Gingivostomatitis (GS) is a significant condition in cats because of oral discomfort and associated periodontal disease. Several infectious agents have been associated with the presence of GS, but a causal relationship is unclear. The cats in this study were housed together, had a history of flea exposure, and were vaccinated with a modified live FVRCP product. There were nine cats with active GS and 36 unaffected cats at the time of sample collection. Serum was tested for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen and antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus, feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and Bartonella species (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot immunoassay). PCR assays for Bartonella species and FHV-1 and a reverse transcriptase PCR assay for FCV were performed on blood and throat swabs. All cats were negative for FeLV. Assay results failed to correlate to the presence of GS in the group of cats studied.
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PMID:Evaluation of the association of Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. 1776 56

Sweet syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, was diagnosed in two patients. Patient A, a 68-year-old man, had had chronic lymphatic leukaemia for four years, with a recent relapse. Patient B, a 58-year-old man, had been diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma four years earlier. Both patients presented with general discomfort, high fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis and diffuse, non-tender maculopapular exanthema, partly blanching on applied pressure, and vesicles spread over the body. Patient A had clinical signs of a septic shock. In both patients, histological examination confirmed clinical suspicion of Sweet syndrome and both had a good response on prednisone. In patient B, progression of renal cell carcinoma was found more than a half year later. It is important to recognise the varied clinical picture of the rare disorder that is Sweet syndrome because it can lead to severe clinical illness, especially in patients with an underlying malignancy.
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PMID:[Sweet syndrome in underlying malignancy]. 2104 Jun 4

The main goal in cancer chemotherapy is to drive the drug into the tumor microenvironment to kill as many cancer cells as possible while producing the lowest collateral toxicity. Previously, we have shown that human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) exposed to Paclitaxel (PTX) were able to uptake and subsequently release the drug in the culture medium. PTX primed hBM-MSCs (hBM-MSCsPTX) located in the vicinity of cancer cells produced a strong inhibition of tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. To expand these observations, in the present study we exposed human skin derived fibroblasts (hSDFs) to 2,000 ng/ml of PTX and then tested both cells and their conditioned medium (CM) in vitro for their capacity to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cell lines (MOLT-4, DU-145, U87-MG, SH-SY5Y(+) and LAN-5). We found that hSDFs primed with PTX (hSDFsPTX) were able to uptake and subsequently release PTX in a time dependent manner. hSDFsPTX-derived CM(hSDFsPTX-CM) from 1:4 to 1:10 dilutions produced a significant (p < 0.05) in vitro tumor growth inhibition. hSDFsPTX co-cultured with leukemia cells at 1:1 to 1:10 ratio, completely inhibited cells growth whereas no inhibition was induced by normal hSDFs cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time that hSDFs can be loaded in vitro with PTX and thus can acquire a potent anti-tumor activity. Since hSDFs can be easily isolated from skin biopsies without any particular pain and discomfort to donor patients, we conclude that hSDFs may represent a valid cell type option for carrying and delivering anti-cancer drugs.
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PMID:Human skin-derived fibroblasts acquire in vitro anti-tumor potential after priming with Paclitaxel. 2293 15

Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood, which mainly involves children less than 15 years of age. The growing skeleton is the main site of involvement in children. Leukemic cells proliferate within the massive red bone marrow in children. So besides the pallor, petechia, purpura and ecchymosis in the skin and mucosal surfaces, bone pain and other bony lesions are other manifestations of leukemia.On the other hand, bony lesions are more prevalent in children than adults with no poor prognosis in comparison to patients without bone lesions. These bony lesions may precede other laboratory tests so familiarity with these presentations is very important for earlier diagnosis.In this pictorial essay, we tried to gather the most common bony lesions that may be seen in acute leukemia in different cases admitted to our hospital with general malaise and localized tenderness and discomfort leading us to perform plain X-ray for further evaluation. Finding these bony lesions helps clinicians to reach the diagnosis quickly. These findings include metaphyseal lucent band and erosion, periosteal reaction, small lucent bone lesion and permeative appearance, reduced bone density and collapsed vertebra.
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PMID:Bony lesions in pediatric acute leukemia: pictorial essay. 2332 62

A three-year old spayed female Domestic Shorthair was diagnosed with chronic plasmacytic stomatitis involving the mandibular gingiva caudal to the canine teeth. The cat presented with excessive drooling and bleeding from the gums. The definitive diagnosis was made on oral tissue samples obtained by biopsy and submitted for histopathology. The management included bilateral extraction of the mandibular and maxillary premolars and molars with closure of the defects utilizing a single mucosal flap in each quadrant. Preoperative laboratory evaluation and negative feline leukemia virus and/or feline immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Following surgical removal of the teeth, the inflammation improved for eight months before returning. The cat now maintains comfort with parenteral injections of corticosteroid approximately every three to five months. Compounding pharmacists play a vital role in the treatment of felines due to their small size concerns with toxicity and sensitivity to certain medications and their reluctance to be dosed. Even in medical cases where a surgical procedure is the final resolution to an issue, compounded preparations are often required prior to surgery, during surgery, and post surgery for the purpose of eliminating pain and discomfort in the feline patient.
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PMID:A treatment of stomatitis and treatment in cats. 2396 34

Many strategies, including those based on genetically modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs), have been developed in recent years in order to obtain high concentrations of anticancer drugs effective on tumor mass. In previous studies, we showed that human and murine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and human skin-derived stromal fibroblasts (hSDFs) acquired strong anti-tumor capacity, both in vitro and in vivo, once primed with Paclitaxel (PTX). In this report we investigate whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) behave similarly to BM-MSCs in their uptake and release of PTX in sufficient amounts to inhibit tumor proliferation in vitro. According to a standardized procedure, PTX primed AT-MSCs (AT-MSCsPTX) were washed and then subcultured to harvest their conditioned medium, which was then tested to evaluate its in vitro anti-tumor potential. We observed that AT-MSCsPTX were able to uptake PTX and release it in a time-dependent manner and that the released drug was active in vitro against proliferation of leukemia, anaplastic osteosarcoma, prostatic carcinoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. These data confirm that AT-MSCs, as well as BM-MSCs, can be loaded in vitro with anti-cancer drugs. While the harvesting of BM-MSCs requires invasive procedures, AT-MSCs can be prepared from fat samples taken with little patient discomfort. For this reason, this source of stromal cells represents an important alternative to BM-MSCs in developing new tools for carrying and delivering anti-cancer drugs into tumor microenvironments.
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PMID:Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells primed in vitro with paclitaxel acquire anti-tumor activity. 2404 47

Objectives This study presents the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of 26 cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG). Methods Oral mucosal biopsies, blood and swabs were collected from cats presenting with oral lesions. The tissue sections were submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis for feline calicivirus (FCV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The swabs were subjected to PCR analysis for FCV, and blood for FeLV and FIV. Results The main clinical findings were dysphagia (88.2%), halitosis (76.5%), sialorrhea (47.1%), weight loss (41.2%), intense oral discomfort (35.3%), oral hemorrhage (17.6%), and lackluster and fragile coat (11.8%). Gross inspection revealed bilateral lesions across the palatoglossal fold to the lateral tongue base. The lesions were diffuse, proliferative, intensely red and friable, and bled easily upon examination in 80.8% of cases. In 23.1% of cases, the lesions were multifocal to coalescent, at times forming multiple vesicles on a reddened, edematous palatoglossal fold. Microscopic examination showed that 15.4% of lesions had moderate (grade 2) and 84.6% had severe (grade 3) inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of FeLV antigens in the epithelium and the inflammatory infiltrate of 30.8% of the cats with FCG. FCV antigens were not detected in the FCG lesions. Conclusions and relevance The FCG cases analyzed could not be correlated with FCV. It is possible that FeLV plays a role as a causal agent of lesions in cases where the presence of the virus has been confirmed by immunohistochemistry in epithelial samples.
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PMID:Clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of feline chronic gingivostomatitis. 2685 58


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