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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight children were evaluated for interstitial pneumonia by open lung biopsy. In most instances the patients were immunosuppressed as a result of cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. Pneumocystis carinii infection was the most common cause of pneumonitis (60.4%), especially in children with leukemia (78.3%). The clinical triad of hypoxemia, tachypnea, and a diffuse interstitial infiltrate on chest x-ray, is an indication for early open lung biopsy. Survival was 91.7% in cases of acute pneumocystis pneumonia, a significant improvement over previous reports. These observations strongly support the concept of early open lung biopsy in the management of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis in patients who are immunosuppressed.
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PMID:Interstitial pneumonitis in the immunologically suppressed child: an urgent surgical condition. 30 27

The pathogenesis of pulmonary leukostasis in leukemia was studied in a rat model by investigating the course of its development. Leukemia was induced by inoculating rats with leukemic cells. The earliest stage of leukostasis was found from day 14 onward, when leukemic cells appeared in the peripheral blood, and was characterized by accumulation of leukemic cells at the capillary level. Simultaneous with the increase of leukemic cell concentrations in the peripheral blood, accumulation in capillaries increased gradually over a period of several days. This was accompanied by increasing severity of tachypnea. Shortly before death, aggregates consisting almost solely of leukemic cells were found in medium-sized blood vessels. This stage was rapidly followed by the end-stage, characterized by complete obstruction of the lung vasculature--including the largest arteries and veins--by leukemic cell aggregates, giving rise to extensive hemorrhages and edema. The end-stage was considered to be the cause of death, which occurred 18-26 days after the inoculation. The histological and ultrastructural findings in this study suggest that besides the size and stiffness of individual leukemic cells, interactions not only between leukemic cells, but also between leukemic cells and the endothelium play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary leukostasis.
Leukemia 1992 Feb
PMID:Development of pulmonary leukostasis in experimental myelocytic leukemia in the Brown-Norway rat. 155 45

Transient leukemia in phenotypically normal children is rare. A newborn child in whom fever and tachypnea developed at age 2 days had a white blood cell count of 20.1 x 10(9)/L and many abnormal blast cells. Chromosome analysis of spontaneously dividing cells from the blood showed these to have trisomy 21, and 80% of cells in the marrow were also trisomic. No trisomic cells were present in skin fibroblast cultures. At age 6 months, at which time the blood film appeared normal, trisomic cells were no longer present.
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PMID:Trisomy 21 in transient myeloproliferative disorder. 214 65

An 8-year-old boy received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) for relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Because he was seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), serial virological specimens were taken throughout the transplant period, and included those obtained by sputum induction. Sixty-one days following BMT he became unwell, and was found to have mild tachypnoea and reduced oxygen saturations. All investigations were negative, apart from that obtained by sputum induction, which was positive for CMV. He received appropriate therapy with good response. We conclude that the technique of sputum induction can be applied to aid diagnosis of active CMV infection following BMT.
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PMID:Sputum induction as an aid to diagnosis of active cytomegalovirus infection following bone marrow transplantation. 215 20

We report a case of Aspergillus flavus pericarditis treated with fluconazole for oral candidosis. The patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia developed tachypnoea after antileukaemic chemotherapy. Pericardial effusion was seen in the echocardiogram. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the pericardial fluid. The patient died from aspergillosis, before the antimycotic treatment could be changed to amphotericin B.
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PMID:Case report. Fatal Aspergillus flavus pericarditis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. 1083 50

A 6-year-old girl had been ill for a number of weeks, had fever for 5 days and complained of pain below the left costal arch and in the left shoulder, linked to the breathing. An unexplained tachypnoea was also present. The leukocyte differentiation showed 90% blasts; a bone marrow puncture then led to the diagnosis of acute non-lymphatic leukaemia, and hyperhydration and alkalinization were started. The patient died unexpectedly after a few days from massive leukostasis in pulmonary arteries. If vital functions are impaired, it should always be attempted to find an explanation, for which an underlying disease may serve as a guideline.
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PMID:[Clinical thinking and decision making in practice. A child with tachypnea and dyspnea]. 1130 12

A patient with hyperleukocytic myelomonocytic leukemia who presented to the emergency room with sudden pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea is reported. Clinical manifestations included dyspnea tachypnea and hyperventilation. Blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia, hypocarbia, and respiratory alkalosis. Chest X ray was normal, and perfusion lung scan revealed a diffuse vascular occlusive pattern compatible with pulmonary leukostasis. The patient underwent immediate leukapheresis with subsequent mitigation of symptoms. A second perfusion lung scan showed evidence of significant improvement. To our knowledge this is the first published case of hyperleukocytosis presenting with pulmonary leukostasis that was successfully diagnosed and followed by serial perfusion lung scan.
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PMID:Pulmonary leukostasis: role of perfusion lung scan in diagnosis and follow up. 1134 87

Forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. The predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and azotaemia. Thirty-eight per cent of the cats that were tested for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen were positive, and 22 per cent of those tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were positive. The prevalence of both FeLV and FIV was much higher than in the general Israeli cat population. The cats infected with both Haemobartonella felis and FeLV had a significantly lower body temperature, were more anaemic and the mean cell volume of their erythrocytes was greater than in the cats with haemobartonellosis alone.
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PMID:Retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in Israel and their relationships with FeLV and FIV infections. 1216 25

A young man who presented with fever, altered sensorium and sudden onset tachypnea, is described. Arterial blood gas analysis, revealed the presence of severe high anion gap metabolic acidosis, with compensatory respiratory alkalosis and normal oxygen saturation. A detailed neurological, nephrological, biochemical and hematological evaluation, revealed the presence of Acute myeloid leukemia, with lactic acidosis and hyponatremia. There are very few reports of presentation of leukemia as lactic acidosis. This case report highlights the need for emergency room physicians, to consider the possibility of lactic acidosis, as one of the causes of high anion gap acidosis and to meticulously investigate the cause of lactic acidosis. We describe a rare clinical instance of lactic acidosis as the presenting manifestation of Acute myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:A typical presentation of acute myeloid leukemia. 1799 83

A preterm baby presented with lethargy and tachypnea. Blood counts revealed hyperleukocytosis. Peripheral smear and bone marrow examination were not suggestive of leukemia. The baby was treated for sepsis. The baby recovered and WBC counts gradually reduced. Hyperleukocytosis was presumed to be a part of leukemoid reaction secondary to sepsis. The diagnostic possibilities with a review of literature are also presented.
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PMID:Hyperleukocytosis in a neonate: A diagnostic dilemma. 2120 14


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