Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Sweet syndrome (SS) associated with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is reported. A 66-year-old male was admitted to Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital because of skin eruption and sore throat. His eruption was tender and erythema-like nature. He developed a spiking fever after admission. CBC revealed pancytopenia, and a bone marrow specimen showed increased megakaryoblasts and fibrosis. These blasts were shown to be CD41-positive by flow cytometric analysis. A diagnosis of AMKL was then made. Skin biopsy revealed infiltration of neutrophils without vasculitis, compatible with SS. Oral administration of prednisolone was begun which improved his skin lesions considerably. He was then treated with low dose Ara-C, which was however ineffective. The blasts increased in the peripheral blood and he died on the 72nd hospital day. There are 37 reported cases of SS associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and this is the first case report of SS associated with AMKL.
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PMID:[Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with Sweet's syndrome, including review of the literature]. 847 86

We report a 58-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed an oedematous erythema resembling Sweet's syndrome, accompanied by atypical erythema nodosum and bullous pyoderma gangrenosum. Examination of skin biopsies showed dense infiltration with mature neutrophils, although there was peripheral blood leucocytopenia. The oedematous erythema worsened after he was treated with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which was given for his leucocytopenia. We suggest that when a neutrophilic dermatosis complicates leukaemia, alternatives to G-CSF should be considered for the treatment of leucocytopenia. Corticosteroids were very effective in controlling the skin lesions in our patient.
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PMID:Unusual cutaneous manifestations of myelodysplastic syndrome. 854 11

Isolated fungal soft-tissue infections are uncommon but may cause severe morbidity or mortality among transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients. Twelve immunocompromised patients illustrating three patterns of infection were treated recently at the Duke University Medical Center. These groups comprised (I) locally aggressive infections, (II) indolent infections, and (III) cutaneous manifestations of systemic infection. Patient diagnoses included organ transplant, leukemia, prematurity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Time from immunosuppression to biopsy ranged from 5.5 to 31 weeks. Organisms included Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Exophiala, and Curvularia. Patients presented with necrotic ulcerations or nodules. Surgical treatment ranged from radical debridement to excisional biopsy to none. Antifungal chemotherapy also was employed in some cases. The mortality rate was 33 percent, two patients dying without evidence of fungal infection. Six of the eight survivors cleared their infections. Necrotic skin lesions with surrounding erythema in this population call for prompt examination, biopsy, and culture. Group I lesions mandate radical excision with rapid intraoperative microscopic control and systemic antifungal medication. Group II requires surgical control with or without antifungal therapy. Group III requires systemic antifungal therapy for metastatic infection. In our opinion, treatment of fungal soft-tissue infection should be tailored to infection type and requires a team approach of surgeon and expert infectious disease consultation.
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PMID:Soft-tissue fungal infections: surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients. 864 22

We report 3 children with leukemia cutis observed at the initial diagnosis of systemic leukemia. Leukemia subtypes in the three children were congenital monocytic, acute undifferentiated, and acute monocytic, respectively. The patients were girls age 10 days, 14 years, and 11 months, respectively, at diagnosis. We describe the clinical features of the cases and the results of immunohistochemical studies on paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens. The skin lesions were tumors and areas of reddish purple erythema in the first child, pigmented erythema in the second, and bright red erythema in the first child, pigmented erythema in the second, and bright red erythema in the third. In the first two patients skin lesion biopsy specimens had dense leukemic infiltrates in the dermis with reactive T lymphocytes scattered among them. In the third patient, the infiltrating cells were almost all reactive T lymphocytes, with a few leukemic cells. A relationship between the leukemic-reactive cell ratio and the prognosis was suggested; dense leukemic cell infiltrates may be associated with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Leukemia cutis in three children: clinical and immunohistochemical studies. 880 19

A 66-year-old woman with CD8+ chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed multiple indurated erythema or plaques. A skin biopsy specimen showed dense infiltration of leukaemia cells in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Most of the infiltrating cells were CD8 + cells. To our best knowledge, leukaemia cutis such as this case showing plaques with diffuse infiltration of CD8 + cells has not been reported previously.
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PMID:Leukaemia cutis in chronic CD8+ T lymphocytic leukaemia. 882 95

Sunburn cells (SBCs) appear in the epidermis shortly after acute UV damage, especially after exposure to UVB light. As yet, the mode of their formation remains to be satisfactorily elucidated. In order to characterize these cells, the expression of various markers of epidermal differentiation following UV exposure was investigated using immunhistochemical procedures. These were applied to paraffin-embedded (microwave technique) and frozen specimens of human skin 24 h after irradiation with 4 times the minimal erythema doses(MED). Normal nonirradiated skin without irradiation served as the control. We used a battery of antibodies directed against the following: cytokeratins (CKs) 5, 10, 17, and 19, actin, cell-adhesion proteins (desmoplakins, desmogleins), markers of terminal epidermal differentiation (filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin), markers of proliferation (PCNA, MIB, K6,16), a marker of endocytosis (clathrin) and markers of cell growth, (transforming growth factor [TGF-alpha]) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 [bcl-2]. After UV irradiation it was found that CK 5, which is typically confined to basal keratinocytes, was also expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes. The CKs 1 and 10/11 exhibit a normal suprabasal localization, but suprisingly, SBCs were negative for these CKs. Although CK 6,16, and 17 are not usually found in normal epidermis, UVB exposure induced their expression in suprabasal keratinocytes, but again failed to elicit their expression in SBCs. Antibodies specific for markers of late epidermal differentiation (filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin), cell-junction proteins (desmogleins, desmoplakins), proliferation (PCNA and MIB), and endocytosis (clathrin) also failed to produce positive staining of SBCs. Even though TGF-alpha immunoreactivity became detectable in most keratinocytes after UV exposure, this was not the case for SBCs. The number of basally located dendritic cells, most probably melanocytes, exhibiting bcl-2 staining was markedly reduced 6 and 12 h after irradiation as compared with normal skin. SBCs do not express any late differentiation markers, but they do contain proteins typical of basal keratinocytes (CK 5). It can be concluded that SBCs do not develop beyond a more basal-like differentiation pattern, probably as a result of cell death and migration through the epidermis.
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PMID:Characterization of sunburn cells after exposure to ultraviolet light. 885 Feb 47

Tenidap is a new anti-rheumatic agent which has clinical properties characteristic of a disease modifying drug combined with acute antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. This paper details tenidap's cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity and the resulting pharmacological properties in experimental animals. Tenidap inhibited calcium ionophore-stimulated prostaglandin D2 synthesis by rat basophilic leukemia cells (COX-1) with an IC50 of 20 nM. In two different in vitro human test systems, tenidap inhibited COX-1 activity more potently than COX-2, although the relative potency ratio (COX-1/COX-2) differed markedly between the two systems. Tenidap inhibited the COX pathway when added to human blood in vitro (IC50, 7.8 mu M) and when administered orally to monkeys, rats and dogs (at 5, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg p.o., respectively) and COX activity measured ex vivo in blood collected 2 to 4 hours post dose. After oral administration to rats, tenidap inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema with an ED50 of 14 mg/kg and inhibited the glucocorticoid-resistant UV erythema in guinea pigs with an ED50 of 1.4 mg/kg. It retained antiinflammatory activity in adrenalectomized rats indicating that this property is independent of adrenal stimulation. Oral administration of tenidap inhibited the development of adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in the rat and exhibited antinociceptive activity in the murine phenylbenzoquinone and rat acetic acid abdominal constriction tests. These data indicate that tenidap is an effective antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in animal models. These cyclooxygenase-dependent pharmacologic activities do not explain tenidap's disease modifying anti-arthritic properties but add a useful symptom modifying component to its clinical profile.
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PMID:Tenidap, a structurally novel drug for the treatment of arthritis: antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. 890 85

The purpose of this report is to describe the tolerability and activity of the combination of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) given at the maximum tolerated dose of 36 g/m2, together with high doses of etoposide in relapsed and refractory childhood acute leukemias. Eighteen children with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia were treated with Ara-C 3 g/m2 every 12 h on days 1-6, followed by etoposide 400 mg/m2 on days 7-9 (HDAC/VP-16). Eight children with refractory disease received HDAC/VP-16 as salvage induction therapy after failing conventional induction regimens; four of five refractory ANLL patients (80%) had a complete response (CR) after HDAC/VP-16 therapy. Ten patients received HDAC/VP-16 as post-remission intensification therapy; five patients (four ANLL, one relapsed ALL) remain in second CR at 56, 26, 9, 5 and 2 months. Toxicities were primarily hematologic and dermatologic. Seven patients (39%) developed bacterial or fungal infections; four patients developed grade 3 or 4 acral erythema. No patient died of therapy-related toxicity. The combination of 36 g/m2 cytosine arabinoside and 1200 mg/m2 etoposide is an effective regimen for children with relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, with tolerable toxicities; the absence of anthracyclines makes this regimen suitable for patients who have previously received maximal doses of anthracyclines or who have evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Further evaluation of this regimen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is presently being investigated.
Leukemia 1997 Feb
PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide: an effective regimen without anthracyclines for refractory childhood acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. 900 78

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are obligate parasites of the human pilosebaceous unit. They are the most common permanent ectoparasites in adults, but their incidence on children's skin is rare. Only few cases of demodicidosis have been reported in children aged below 5 years and most of them were suffering from leukemia or HIV infection. The aim of this study is to describe demodicidosis in young immunocompetent children. The clinical details of 8 healthy children are given. There were 4 males and 4 females aged between 10 months and 5 years referred to us for evaluation of a facial eruption characterized by erythema, papulopustules and variable edema. In 7 of these patients, skin scrapings were performed and in 1 a 4-mm punch biopsy. Numerous D. folliculorum were found in skin scrapings of 7 cases and at a histologic examination of skin biopsy in 1 case. We employed topical metronidazole gel 1% in all patients and we obtained a 100% recovery without relapses after a 1- to 3-year follow-up. In 2 of our cases Demodex infestation had a mild form resembling pityriasis folliculorum and the other cases presented a rosacea-like form. The reason why these young immunocompetent children developed demodicidosis is still under evaluation and investigation.
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PMID:Demodicidosis in immunocompetent young children: report of eight cases. 940 70

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukaemia (JCML) is a rare haematological malignancy of myelomonocytic lineage that affects patients less than 4 years of age and is known as an entity different from adult-type chronic myelogenous leukaemia. In JCML, skin manifestations are relatively common but most of them have been reported as a non-specific eruption, which histologically may show changes resembling neurofibromatosis or xanthogranuloma. We present a 2-year-old boy with JCML who developed a recurrent annular erythema in which leukaemic infiltrates were confirmed histologically, even though his bone marrow examination suggested that be remained in haematological remission.
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PMID:Recurrent annular erythema in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukaemia. 974 74


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