Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of prognostic factors was performed on a series of 92 adult patients with acute non-myeloid leukaemia (ANML). Four factors were shown to be correlated with a poor short-term prognosis: (1) Neuropathy involving a single cranial nerve (numbness of the chin) as a presenting feature. (2) A low percentage blast cell infiltration of bone marrow (less than 55%). (3) Cytological L2 type or L3 type of cells according to FAB classification proposals. (4) Increased age. Two factors were shown to be correlated with a poor long-term prognosis: 1) A high level of circulating blast cells; 2) A high tumour burden, as in childhood ANML. These two long-term prognostic factors were interrelated. In addition, our results suggested that myelofibrosis could be a poor long-term prognosis factor as well.
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PMID:Acute non myeloid leukaemia in adults. Prognostic factors in 92 patients. 736 29

A phase I study of NKT-01 (deoxyspergualin), which is a derivative of an antitumor antibiotic, spergualin, was performed by a cooperative study group. NKT-01 was given intravenously by 3-h infusion. The effect of single administration was studied prior to evaluation of daily administration for 5 consecutive days. In all, 5 and 33 patients with various malignancies, including leukemia, were entered into the trials of single and daily administration, respectively. In the single-administration study, all patients were evaluable and no clear adverse effect was observed at doses ranging from 20 to 320 mg/m2. In the daily-administration study, 28 evaluable patients (16 men and 12 women; median age, 55.5 years) were treated with a daily dose of 20-500 mg/m2. Toxicities such as myelosuppression, mild nausea/vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, tongue and perioral numbness, and hypotension were observed dose-dependently during or after the treatment. Grade 2 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were experienced at a dose of 500 mg/m2. These usually recovered to normal values by approximately 3 weeks after treatment. A pharmacokinetic analysis of single administration revealed rapid plasma clearance, with mean half-lives for the alpha and beta phases being 28 min and 6.9 h, respectively. Approximately 12% of the infused dose was excreted into the urine in unmetabolized form. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after 5-day administration were similar to those recorded after single administration. Concerning treatment response, a transient but significant reduction in the number of leukemic cells was observed in one patient with adult T-cell leukemia. In this study, perioral numbness, hypotension, and hematological toxicity were concluded to be dose-limiting, with the maximal acceptable dose being 500 mg/m2. The recommended dose for a phase II study of NKT-01 against solid tumors was judged to be 400 mg/m2 given daily by 3-h infusion for 5 days, every 3 weeks. In hematological malignancies, however, higher myelosuppressive schedules of administration should be investigated.
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PMID:Phase I study of NKT-01. 778 Nov 37

Taxol (paclitaxel, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), a drug extracted from the stem bark of the western yew, shows great promise as an antineoplastic agent for ovarian, breast, nonsmall cell lung, and head and neck cancers; melanoma; and leukemia. Although Taxol first was isolated in 1971, completion of many phase I studies was delayed until 1988, primarily because the drug caused severe hypersensitivity reactions. Other side effects of Taxol include cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, myelosuppression, tingling and numbness of the hands and feet, myalgia and arthralgia, alopecia, fatigue, headache, irritation at the injection site, and taste changes. Nursing care includes measures for preventing or minimizing side effects, close assessment and monitoring of potential side effects, patient education, and support. Because of the environmental impact of harvesting the western yew for Taxol, semisynthetic preparations such as taxotere are being explored.
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PMID:Taxol: a promising new drug of the '90s. 790 60

Taxol, a diterpene alkaloid isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, has a unique mechanism of action. The drug promotes the formation of microtubule polymers in a cell, by reversibly and specifically binding the beta-subunit of tubulin. Taxol is administered intravenously by a 3-24-hour infusion at 3-week intervals. Myelosuppression, especially neutropenia, appears to be the dose limiting toxicity in solid tumours at 200-250 mg/m2. Furthermore, side effects such as sensory neurotoxicity (with typical numbness, tingling and painful paraesthesiae in the extremities), diarrhoea and alopecia appear frequently. Mucositis appears to be the non-haematological dose limiting side effect at 390 mg/m2 that has been determined in patients with leukaemia. Hypersensitivity reactions, which have been fatal in individual cases, might be schedule dependent. Furthermore, antiallergic prophylaxis must be given, although this precaution might not be considered to be fully protective. Phase I studies performed with combinations of taxol and cisplatin, doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide have indicated the feasibility of these regimens and show promise for future investigations. Addition of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), aimed at modulating myelosuppressive toxicity, showed in Phase I studies that the taxol dose could be increased to 250 mg/m2, with peripheral neuropathy as the dose limiting toxicity. In Phase II studies, taxol has been shown to be effective, including producing complete tumour remission, in advanced drug refractory ovarian carcinoma (19%-36% response rate), previously treated patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (27%-62% response rate), advanced non-small lung cancer (21%-24% response rate), advanced small cell lung cancer (37% response rate) and advanced head and neck cancer (34% response rate).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical, toxicological and pharmaceutical aspects of the antineoplastic drug taxol: a review. 790 88

A 30-year-old male with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with facial numbness. Neurological examination revealed paresthesia of the left trigeminal nerve. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showed no atypical cells. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated enlargement and enhancement of intracranial portions of the left trigeminal nerve. The abnormal MR imaging findings almost completely resolved after the chemotherapy. Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging is not only a useful procedure for the early diagnosis of cranial nerve invasion by leukemia but it might be helpful to follow the changes after the treatment.
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PMID:Trigeminal nerve involvement in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: value of MR imaging. 1235 Apr 4

We report a 21-year-old woman who had acute lymphocytic leukemia with a relapse in the peripheral nervous system after bone marrow transplantation. She developed gait disturbance and numbness of the lower limb extremities, with gradual worsening. Neurological examination detected paraparesis associated with areflexia and stocking-type paresthesia. An examination of the cerebro-spinal fluid detected leukemicells. T2-weighted MRI of the lumbar spine showed multiple hyperintense signal lesions at the bodies of vertebra, spinous processes, and pedicles. Based on the diagnosis of recurrent acute lymphocytic leukemia with tumor infiltration to the meninges (meningeal leukemia), she received chemotherapy, after which her neurological symptoms and signs gradually improved. We would like to emphasize that neurological examination is important to detect CNS relapse in a patient with leukemia, even in hematological complete remission.
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PMID:[A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia relapsed as meningoradiculoneuropathy after bone marrow transplantation]. 1661 43

Cavernous sinus syndrome is a rare event. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, are one possible cause. Neurological presentation of these lymphomas is also exceptional. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy that developed a right third cranial nerve palsy and numbness in the distribution of the right mental nerve, with normal CSF, and enlargement of cavernous sinus on the same side, who was diagnosed Burkitt leukemia.
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PMID:Burkitt leukemia with numb chin syndrome and cavernous sinus involvement. 1662 30

A descriptive study was conducted on self-reported symptoms and self-care by 37 adults receiving chemotherapy primarily for leukemia, lymphomas, or breast cancer or radiation therapy for head and neck or lung cancers. The Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist and demographic and interview forms on self-care for identified symptoms were used. Severe symptoms on the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist subscales fatigue, eating, nausea, pain, numbness in fingers/toes, hair loss, and constipation were reported by patients on chemotherapy. Those on radiation therapy reported severe symptoms on the eating, fatigue, skin changes, oropharynx, and constipation subscales.Self-care strategies were in the following categories, using complementary medicine as framework: diet/nutrition/lifestyle change (eg, use of nutritional supplements; modifications of food and of eating habits; naps, sleep, and rest); mind/body control (eg, relaxation methods, prayer, music, attending granddaughter's sports events); biologic treatments (vitamins); herbal treatments (green mint tea); and ethnomedicine (lime juice and garlic). The first category was predominantly used by patients in both treatment types. Medications were prescribed also to help control symptoms (eg, pain and nausea). Symptom monitoring and self-care for symptoms identified may be facilitated by the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist; based on reported symptom severity, care providers may prioritize interventions. A larger study needs to be done on (a) the use of the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist as a clinical tool to assess symptoms that oncology patients experience during therapy; (b) whether care providers, based on patient-reported symptom severity, can prioritize interventions--and how this influences the efficiency of care; (c) the self-care strategies used by patients on chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both; and (d) how useful these strategies are in alleviating symptoms.
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PMID:Cancer treatment, symptom monitoring, and self-care in adults: pilot study. 1700 7

The authors report the unusual case of a 35-year-old woman suffering from left leg numbness and radiculopathy due to multiple lesions in the central nervous system: one right parietal extracranial-intracranial lesion with invasion of the sensory cortex, and two intraspinal, intradural lesions compressing the spinal cord at T3-5 and S 1-4. Biopsy sampling of the extracranial part of the parietal lesion led to a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Further examination revealed no evidence of leukemic disease or myeloproliferative disorder. An aggressive multimodal approach to treatment in this patient with a combination of chemotherapy, whole-body radiotherapy, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was started immediately. The patient experienced full neurological recovery and complete disappearance of all lesions. At the 7-year follow-up examination, there was no evidence of disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a myeloid sarcoma with both intracranial and intraspinal manifestations in a patient without leukemia.
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PMID:Myeloid sarcoma with multiple lesions of the central nervous system in a patient without leukemia. Case report. 1740 66

A 10-year-old boy who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with persistent numbness of the left big toe and progressive pain of the ipsilateral lower leg. He had received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation 3 months after a testicular relapse. He was in hematologic remission at admission but as progressive swelling of his left leg continued, bone marrow relapse developed. A muscle biopsy revealed leukemic infiltrates in the surrounding muscles of the left sciatic nerve, and swelling of the nerve was found on a magnetic resonance imaging scan. His symptoms/signs subsided soon after reinduction chemotherapy. Unfortunately, he didn't survive because of a fungal sepsis that developed during the neutropenic state. This case represents a rare neurologic complication of what is currently an uncommon presentation for relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with acute sciatica and without coexisting epidural or leptomeningeal leukemia.
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PMID:Acute sciatica: an unusual presentation of extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1787 32


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