Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

2'-Deoxycoformycin (DCF) is an experimental drug with specific lymphocytotoxic activity which has proved effective in the treatment of some lymphoproliferative syndromes (LPS). This paper deals with the results achieved in 6 patients with LPS, five of them with T-cell and one with B-cell malignancies, who received DCF as initial (2 cases) or salvage (4 cases) therapy. One patient with adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma achieved complete remission maintained for 36 months of follow-up; partial remission was attained in three others and the remaining two patients failed to respond to the treatment. Kidney toxicity was seen in three cases, and in two of them it was necessary to stop the treatment. Kidney toxicity was seen in three cases, and in two of them it was necessary to stop the treatment. Other untoward effects included nausea and vomiting (2 patients), myoclonus, dysaesthesia of the limbs and conjunctivitis arida (one case each). No haematologic or infectious complications were present in association with DCF treatment.
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PMID:[Treatment of various lymphoproliferative syndromes with deoxycoformycin: results in 6 patients]. 208 59

Rituximab is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody against the CD 20 antigen on the surface of B lymphocytes. It binds to CD20 and causes B cell death by antibody dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. It leads to rapid and sustained depletion of B cells. It is licensed for use in adults with CD20 positive B-cell lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. In children, it has been used in a variety of off-label indications with promising results. It has proved useful as salvage therapy in relapsed refractory non-Hodgkins lymphoma and leukemia, and in hematological conditions including chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia with inhibitors, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It has also proved effective in autoimmune conditions like primary systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosis. Nephrotic syndrome and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome are among the emerging indications for rituximab. In solid organ transplantation, rituximab is useful in the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic rejection as well as in post transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Toxicity includes acute infusion reactions, susceptibility to bacterial infections, and reactivation of viral infections.
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PMID:Rituximab. 2270 Jun 74

Although cancer in children is rare, it is the second most common cause of childhood mortality in developed countries. It often presents with nonspecific symptoms similar to those of benign conditions, leading to delays in the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. Primary care physicians should have a raised index of suspicion and explore the possibility of cancer in children who have worrisome or persisting signs and symptoms. Red flag signs for leukemia or lymphoma include unexplained and protracted pallor, malaise, fever, anorexia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, hemorrhagic diathesis, and hepatosplenomegaly. New onset or persistent morning headaches associated with vomiting, neurologic symptoms, or back pain should raise concern for tumors of the central nervous system. Palpable masses in the abdomen or soft tissues, and persistent bone pain that awakens the child are red flags for abdominal, soft tissue, and bone tumors. Leukokoria is a red flag for retinoblastoma. Endocrine symptoms such as growth arrest, diabetes insipidus, and precocious or delayed puberty may be signs of endocranial or germ cell tumors. Paraneoplastic manifestations such as opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, rheumatic symptoms, or hypertension are rare and may be related to neuroblastoma, leukemia, or Wilms tumor, respectively. Increased suspicion is also warranted for conditions associated with a higher risk of childhood cancer, including immunodeficiency syndromes and previous malignancies, as well as with certain genetic conditions and familial cancer syndromes such as Down syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, hemihypertrophy, neurofibromatosis, and retinoblastoma.
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PMID:Signs and symptoms of childhood cancer: a guide for early recognition. 2393 97