Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fourteen patients with the diagnosis of leukemia and one with lymphoma developed systemic candidiasis. Involvement of the liver (15 patients), spleen (nine patients), and kidney (five patients) was diagnosed by clinical, CT, and pathologic findings. The CT findings ranged from low-density lesions (11 livers, nine spleens, and five kidneys) to hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly. All livers and three kidneys had positive biopsy findings for Candida. Two patients with diffuse splenic lesions underwent splenectomy and were proven to have candidiasis. During a 1 year follow-up, two patients developed hepatic calcifications and one developed renal calcifications. In proper clinical setting, CT should be done for simultaneous evaluation of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. These studies, when positive, are useful to guide percutaneous or open biopsy and to follow the results of therapy. However, regardless of the hepatic CT finding, biopsy should be obtained to establish the diagnosis and begin proper treatment.
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PMID:CT findings in hepatosplenic and renal candidiasis. 330 88

The presenting features and clinical outcome of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in infants and older children were compared to identify any differences that might suggest methods to improve therapy. Twelve of the 29 infants were boys and 17 were girls, with ages ranging from two days to 12 months (median, 7 months). By comparison with 222 patients greater than 1 year of age, infants were significantly more likely to have monoblastic or myelomonoblastic leukemia (P less than .0001), chloroma (P less than .0001), marked hepatomegaly (P = .001), and high leukocyte count (P = .005) and were less likely to have Auer rods (P less than .001). Each of these features except leukocyte count showed an association with infant ANLL in a multivariate analysis. Twenty-four (83%) of the infants attained a complete remission, a rate that was not significantly different from that of the older children. Even though infants had a significantly higher CNS relapse rate (P = .003), their event-free survival times were no different than those of older children (P = .74). Ten of the infants remain in initial complete remission for 5+ to 112+ months (median, 52+ months). Infants with ANLL did not have a poorer prognosis than older patients in our study; future protocols for this age group should emphasize more effective systemic therapy, preferably including an epipodophyllotoxin, as well as improved treatment for subclinical CNS leukemia.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in infants: clinical presentation and outcome. 337 58

Interferon-beta (GKT-beta) was administered to a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), presumably of acute type, with a marked organ infiltration and increases in serum calcium, LDH and bilirubin. The therapy produced a fall in the number of peripheral blood abnormal lymphocytes, disappearance of jaundice, reduction in the degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and a remarkable improvement of general condition with a performance status of grade 3 improving to grade 1. The response has been maintained for more than seven months. Dose, schedule and criteria for drug discontinuation are matters for further investigation.
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PMID:[A case of adult T-cell leukemia responding to recombinant interferon-beta (GKT-beta)]. 348 33

We reviewed the Tumor Registry for 1981 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to identify all the children with newly diagnosed cancer who were seen initially in the emergency department (ED). Of the 220 new patients listed, 16 (7.3%) sought initial care in the ED (1 per 4,500 ED visits). Seven had leukemia, five had non-CNS solid tumors (2 lymphoreticular, 1 Wilms', 1 neuroblastoma, and 1 ovarian), and four had CNS tumors. Among the children with leukemia, pallor (6) and decreased activity (4) were the most common complaints. Duration of symptoms ranged from 4 days to 3 weeks. Physical examination showed pallor (5), splenomegaly (4), fever (3), hepatomegaly (3), lymphadenopathy (3), and ecchymoses or petechiae (2). The complete blood count and peripheral smears were all abnormal. The five patients with non-CNS solid tumors had symptoms related to the location of their neoplasms. The patients with Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, and ovarian dysgerminoma had abdominal masses; the patient with lymphoma had a large, painful inguinal node; and the patient with histiocytosis X had an infiltrative rash, gingivitis, and pneumonitis. Of the four children with CNS tumors, three had headache, and one had an incidentally detected scotoma following head trauma. All four eventually had abnormal neurologic exams and computer tomographic scans, but two were discharged initially with psychiatric diagnoses. We conclude that cancer, although rare in children, occurs with greater relative frequency in the referral hospital ED than that predicted by published cancer rates from the referring hospital's ED.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of cancer in the pediatric emergency department. 384 22

Nineteen cases of canine acute leukemia were diagnosed during a 4-year period. Two main categories were identified on the basis of cytologic, hematologic, and clinical features: acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia. Clinical features included history of weight loss, anorexia, shifting limb lameness, and incoordination. Physical findings were characterized by hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, mild generalized lymphadenopathy, and pallor. Ocular lesions were found in 29% of dogs with acute myelogenous leukemia. Hematologic abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, leukemia, and leukoerythroblastic reactions. Results of therapy were discouraging.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic aspects of acute leukemias in the dog. 385 21

The authors describe five white patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Four patients were older than 65 years. All cases presented with a short clinical course and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Clinical manifestations included asthenia, weight loss, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy. One case showed tonsillar involvement and subcutaneous lymph node enlargement; hepatomegaly was present in four cases, two of them with splenomegaly. Only one case presented peripheral lymphocytosis and antibodies to human T-leukemia virus. Although three cases were classified as diffuse mixed lymphomas and two as poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, there were some common characteristics: diffuse infiltration by different proportions of small lymphoid cells and large immunoblasts, some of them multinucleated and similar to Reed-Sternberg cells; accumulation of histiocytes, plasmacytosis, eosinophilia, venular proliferation and compartmentalization were also found. Bone marrow infiltration was observed in two patients. Results of monoclonal markers showed four cases to be OKT4+ and the other OKT8+. The morphologic and immunologic characteristics of these patients were typical and similar to those reported from other geographical areas.
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PMID:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A clinical, histologic, and immunologic study of five cases. 387 77

Follow-up of 33 patients with idiopathic splenomegaly, 25 for a period ranging from 14 to 80 months after starting treatment with proguanil 100 mg. daily, showed that there was an excellent response of the splenomegaly, anaemia, and hepatomegaly, together with a definite gain in weight. Every patient improved, though a maximum result was not attained until after at least one year's treatment.Therapy with proguanil is considered superior to and safer than splenectomy. Malaria seems unlikely to have a causal role in the aetiology of the disease, which is probably a manifestation of a disorder of the normal immune mechanism. Idiopathic splenomegaly has a close relation with the type of chronic lymphatic leukaemia seen in Nigeria, and it is possible that the two diseases have a similar aetiological factor.
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PMID:Idiopathic tropical splenomegaly syndrome in Ibadan. 570 94

We had shown previously that the prevalence of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I)-antibody positivity is high in Jamaican non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients and that virus-positive patients have the clinical features and poor prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Sixty-two % of 45 NHL patients diagnosed consecutively between 2/1/82 and 1/31/84 and studied prospectively were HTLV-I-antibody positive. Skin involvement (38%), hypercalcemia (44%), and leukemia (40%) were unusually prevalent and there was a strong association (p less than 0.05) with HTLV-I-antibody positivity. Fifty-two % of the patients had bone marrow infiltration, and 74% of these patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive (p = 0.06). Lymphadenopathy (96%), hepatomegaly (60%), and splenomegaly (25%) were detected with about the same frequency as in other series of NHL patients with advanced disease, and 61-88% of these patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive. Patients were classified into those with "typical ATL" (NHL associated with 2 of the 4 features i) hypercalcemia; ii) histologically proven skin infiltration; iii) leukemia; and iv) bone marrow infiltration, providing that the morphology of infiltrating or leukemic cells was characteristic of ATL; those "consistent with ATL" (NHL associated with 1 of these 4 features); and "non-ATL" (NHL without any of these 4 additional features). Thirty-two (71%) of the NHL patients were ATL patients, i.e., had features typical of or consistent with ATL, and 78% of these were HTLV-I-antibody positive. HTLV-I provirus was detected in tumour cells of all HTLV-I-antibody positive patients tested. Three (23%) of the non-ATL patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive. There was no correlation between histopathological features and the clinical classification or HTLV-I-antibody positivity. Median survival of ATL and non-ATL patients was 16 and 53 weeks. Although the disease was usually fulminant, 34% of the ATL patients had a subacute or chronic course. Skin involvement and leukemia were prominent in these patients. Hypercalcemia was the chief prognostic determinant. Median survival of hypercalcemic and normocalcemic ATL patients was 13 and 86 weeks (p less than 0.05). Hypercalcemia caused 10 deaths, infections 12, and death was due to tumour progression in 4 patients. Infections were usually due to pyogenic organisms and only 2 patients had systemic opportunistic infections. Six (27%) of 22 chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Jamaica and its relationship to human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I-associated lymphoproliferative disease. 610 Jun 52

11/19 adults with a persistent increase in the total lymphocyte count, but with neither lymphodenopathy, hepatomegaly, nor splenomegaly, proved to have a monoclonal increase in B lymphocytes indicative of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). All remaining 8 patients had increased numbers of T-lymphocytes, more often of the helper than of the suppressor subsets. All the patients with a lymphocyte count in excess of 10 000/microliter, but only 5/13 patients with a lymphocyte count below 10 000/microliter had CLL. In adults a sustained lymphocytosis is thus not an adequate basis for the diagnosis of early CLL, which requires the demonstration of a monoclonal population. The T-lymphocytosis is likely to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature.
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PMID:Significance of lymphocytosis in adults. 614 22

Review of 5406 children with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) registered with Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) since 1972 identified 115 patients (2.1%) with Down syndrome. The proportion of patients with Down syndrome was the same for ALL (2.1%) and ANLL (2.1%). Patients with ALL with and without Down syndrome did not differ significantly with respect to age at diagnosis, sex, race, morphology (FAB classification), cell surface markers, initial white blood cell count, pretreatment hemoglobin value, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, presence of mediastinal mass, CNS disease at diagnosis, or prognostic group as defined by age and initial white blood cell count. Patients with ALL-Down syndrome less frequently had splenomegaly, had lower pretreatment platelet counts, and more often had normal or elevated IgG or IgA levels. In addition, they had a significantly lower rate of remission (81% versus 94%), a higher mortality during induction therapy (14% versus 3%), and a poorer overall survival with 5-year life table rates of 50% versus 65% (P less than 0.001). If an initial remission was achieved, there were no significant differences with respect to remission duration, survival, or disease-free survival. Patients with ANLL-Down syndrome were younger at diagnosis than those without Down syndrome. There was no significant difference in the remission rates between these patients. Analysis of findings in patients with ANLL provided results similar to those obtained for patients with ALL with regard to clinical outcome after achievement of an initial remission.
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PMID:Down syndrome and acute leukemia in children: a 10-year retrospective survey from Childrens Cancer Study Group. 623 37


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