Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I evaluation of vindesine was carried out in 69 adult patient with advanced malignancies. Two escalating dose schedules were explored: (a) a single dose every 7--14 days, and (b) daily injections X 5--10 days as tolerated. The main toxic effects were myelosuppression, alopecia, paresthesia, asthenia, myalgia, and hyporeflexia. Antitumor activity was seen during this phase I study in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and testicular neoplasms. Disease oriented phase II trials of 3--4 mg/m2 every 7--14 days or 1.3--2.0 mg/m2/day X 5--7 days every 3 weeks would be appropriate.
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PMID:Phase I trial of vindesine in patients with advanced cancer. 35 86

The authors report the observation of a 76-year-old man who since 1974 had a persistent anaemia considered as a pre-leukaemic state. The patient was hospitalized in May 1977 with fever and severe asthenia. The laboratory results indicated a probable diagnosis of acute non-differentiated leukaemia of stem cells. In spite of treatment, the anaemia grew worse, the leukocytosis accompanied by blast cells became more pronounced, a massive thrombopenia occurred and the patient died in irreversible shock. Cytogenetic examination done on a medullar culture revealed the presence in all the cells of a chromosome No. 5 with the long arms deleted : 46,XY,5q--. This rare medullar anomaly was reported for the first time in 1974-1975 by the Louvain school (Van den Berghe, Sokal, et al.) in a group of refractory anaemias. It has also been described in association with other chromosomal aberrations, in anaemias or other hemopathies which all developed into acute myeloblastic leukaemia. The clinical evolution and the cytogenetic data of the patient presented here are compared with those of other cases of 5q-- published in the literature, and the significance of this 5q-- chromosome aberration in hemopathies is discussed.
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PMID:[Chromosome 5q-- in the medullar cells of a patient with anaemia which later developed into acute non-differentiated leukaemia (author's transl)]. 73 59

During the 1st stage of the clinical trials of karminomycin 92 patients with leukemia, solid tumors and lymphoma were treated with karminomycin. Two schemes for the antibiotic use were developed. The 1st scheme was a prolonged one with single doses of 10-15 mg (7.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously twice a week for 3 weeks, the course dose being 60-75 mg (34-45 mg/m2) with 4-week intervals between the courses. The course dose for the patients previously subjected to intensive chemotherapy did not exceed 50 mg (30 mg/m2). The 2nd scheme was a short one with single doses of 8-10 mg (5.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously every day for 5 days, the course dose being 40-50 mg (23-30 mg/m2) with 3-week intervals between the courses. Karminomycin induced in a number of patients a direct side effect, such as nausea, vomiting, asthenia, tachycardia, pain in the heart. In some patients leucopenia, thrombocitopenia, rare stomatitis, alopecia, lowered T peak in the chest curves of the cardiograms were observed after using the course dose.
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PMID:[First phase in the clinical study of the antineoplastic antibiotic, carminomycin]. 110 12

The authors describe five white patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Four patients were older than 65 years. All cases presented with a short clinical course and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Clinical manifestations included asthenia, weight loss, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy. One case showed tonsillar involvement and subcutaneous lymph node enlargement; hepatomegaly was present in four cases, two of them with splenomegaly. Only one case presented peripheral lymphocytosis and antibodies to human T-leukemia virus. Although three cases were classified as diffuse mixed lymphomas and two as poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, there were some common characteristics: diffuse infiltration by different proportions of small lymphoid cells and large immunoblasts, some of them multinucleated and similar to Reed-Sternberg cells; accumulation of histiocytes, plasmacytosis, eosinophilia, venular proliferation and compartmentalization were also found. Bone marrow infiltration was observed in two patients. Results of monoclonal markers showed four cases to be OKT4+ and the other OKT8+. The morphologic and immunologic characteristics of these patients were typical and similar to those reported from other geographical areas.
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PMID:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A clinical, histologic, and immunologic study of five cases. 387 77

The recent development of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer and leukemia requires that all practitioners involved have a thorough knowledge of the sometimes life-threatening side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents. All these agents, whether used alone or in a combination, carry a risk because of their lack of specificity which make active on normal cells, especially those with a rapid turn-over such as the hematopoietic cells or the cells of the digestive tract. Prior to the prescription of a chemotherapeutic regimen, the acceptable risk must always be clearly defined, according to the seriousness of the disease and to the patient's age, physical condition and psychological status. During the course continuous monitoring adjusted to the specific toxicity of the agents used is requisite. More or less prominent asthenia and weight loss are common, as the result of various physiopathological mechanisms. Digestive disorders may consist only of nausea and emesis or include mucosal lesions with diarrhea as the main feature. Vincristine and vindesine are responsible for constipation. Hepatic toxicity, which is less common, is usually due to L-asparaginase. Transient hair loss is the most frequent cutaneous side-effect. Hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, nail lesions, cellulitis and ulcerations may occur, as well as specific lesions with bleomycin. High fever during injection often occurs with this last agent.
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PMID:[Complications of antitumor and antileukemic chemotherapy. 1]. 629 36

Twenty-nine late chronic and accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) patients were entered in a pilot study designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and low-dose cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). IFN-alpha was administered at a dose of 2-10 x 10(6) IU/day and ARA-C at 15 mg/m2/day for 14 days each month. The treatment was well tolerated by 73% of the patients. Side effects were mainly asthenia, anorexia, anaemia and piastrinopenia. Haematological and cytogenetic responses were evaluated in the 19 patients who received more than 6 cycles. Four complete haematological response, 7 partial haematological response, 6 minor haematological response, 2 stable disease were obtained in this patient group. Two complete cytogenetic responses and 2 minor cytogenetic responses were detected in these patients. Suppression of secondary Ph' positive clones which appeared during the previous IFN-alpha treatment was documented in 3 accelerated phase patients after ARA-C was added to their IFN-alpha treatment. It would therefore seem that late chronic and accelerated phase CML patients benefit from combined IFN-alpha/ARA-C treatment and achieve haematological and cytogenetic responses not obtained during previous treatment without being exposed to undue toxicity. However, we cannot judge whether it offers any advantage in terms of survival.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha plus low-dose cytosine arabinoside in advanced phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients. 767 91

Aspergillus, a ubiquitous mold, may cause invasive and fatal disease in immunosuppressed patients. Myelopathy is an uncommon presentation of invasive aspergillosis. This report describes three children admitted to the hospital between 1988 and 1995 who developed myelopathy as the first evidence of invasive aspergillosis. All had advanced leukemia and were profoundly immunosuppressed because of chemotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Weakness and pain presented first; then, sensation to pain and temperature was lost 2 to 6 days later, followed by complete myelopathy. Multiple brain lesions were seen on magnetic resonance imaging in one patient. Despite antifungal therapy, aspergillosis proved fatal within 1 month of onset of myelopathy in all patients. Physicians caring for immunocompromised children should be aware of myelopathy as a presentation of invasive aspergillosis.
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PMID:Myelopathy resulting from invasive aspergillosis. 974 34

With the FDA approval of Rituximab in 1998 for the treatment of lymphoma, and Trastuzumab in 1999 for the treatment of breast cancer, monoclonal antibodies were officially added to the therapeutic armamentarium against malignancy. Most of the side effects associated with these agents are due to antigen-antibody interactions on specific cells and tissues. One of the most predictable side effects of these products is a constellation of various systemic effects including flu-like symptoms such as headache, fever, sweats, skin rash, shortness of breath, hypotension, nausea, and asthenia that occurs with the first infusion of such products. Rarely severe hypotension, bronchospasm, and hypoxia and even death have occurred. The pathophysiology of these reactions appears to be secondary to the release of cytokines as the antibodies bind do circulating antigen-expressing cells that are then removed in the reticuloendothelial system of the lungs, spleen and liver. In patients with large numbers of antigen-dense cells that have a high mitotic index, such as prolymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, or lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, there is a risk of true tumor lysis syndrome. One should be particularly cautious when treating patients with high numbers of circulating antigen-expressing cells in the setting of underlying cardiovascular or respiratory disease.
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PMID:Infusion reactions associated with the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of malignancy. 1085 89

Primary plasma cell leukaemia (P-PCL) is a variant of multiple myeloma (MM) first diagnosed in the leukemic phase, with >2000/mm(3) circulating plasma cells (PCs) and plasmacytosis >20% of the white cell count. We investigated the clinical characteristics, therapy, immunophenotype and prognosis factors of 18 patients. Common features at diagnosis were asthenia (seven patients), renal insufficiency (ten patients), bone pain (seven patients), splenomegaly or hepatomegaly (five patients). Hypercalcemia was present at diagnosis in seven patients and was the most potent poor prognosis factor (P<0.05). Most patients (16 out of 18) were treated with an anthracyclin containing regiment; complete remission was attained in one patient and partial remission in 11 patients while six patients had no response. The median survival time from diagnosis was 7 months (2--12, 95% confidence interval), but response to treatment had favorable predictive value (P<0.05). The PCs were usually positive for mature B-cell markers (PCA-1, CD38). They expressed integrins which may increase their binding to endothelial cells and thus participate in PCL physiopathology by favoring plasmocyte extramedullary spread.
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PMID:Primary plasma cell leukaemia: a report of 18 cases. 1116 24

The paper is concerned with the data on treatment of 33 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, aged 34-72 (average age of 52.5). Having received numerous regimens of combination chemotherapy, mainly, with cisplatin-containing drugs, sixty-one percent had visceral metastases. Early-onset relapse was in 18.2%, late-onset--12.1% and primary refractory to cisplatin chemotherapy--30%. Hemzar (hemcytabin) + cisplatin + carboplatin treatment was given in 15- or 8-day courses (hemzar--1,000 mg/m2, day 1, 8 and 15 or day 1 and 8; cisplatin m2 or carboplatin AVC5--60 mg/m2, day 1 or 15, day 1 or 8, respectively). A total of 102 cycles of therapy were given and evaluated. Complete response was reported in 2 (6.0%), partial--5 (15.2%), and stabilization--13 (39.4%); significant clinical effect--60.6%. Such side-effects as leukemia stage I-II--63.6%; stage III-IV--3%, neutropenia stage I-II--39.4; stage III-IV--24.2%, thrombocytopenia stage I-II--6%, and asthenia stage I-II--12.1%, stage III-IV--3 patients, did not interfere with treatment. Combination chemotherapy with hemzar + cisplatin + carboplatin was effective and sufficiently tolerable. It is indicated in management of relapse and primary resistance to cisplatin drugs administered for ovarian cancer whenever all other remedies have failed.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with Hemzar (gemcitabine) and cisplatin for relapsing and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer]. 1271 72


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