Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects and toxicities of interferon alfa are described, and the role of the pharmacist in making decisions and providing education about biologic response modifiers (BRMs) is discussed. Interferons have both direct antitumor activity and extensive effects on the immune system. Two recombinant interferon alfa products--interferon alfa-2a and interferon alfa-2b are available commercially. Indications in FDA-approved labeling for interferon alfa include the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, and genital warts; however, it also is being used successfully against early chronic myelogenous leukemia, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and previously untreated multiple myeloma. Other malignancies that respond to treatment with interferon alfa are malignant melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The toxic pattern of interferon alfa consists of flu-like symptoms, which are seen at all doses, on all schedules, and in virtually all patients. After repeated dosing, the chronic toxicities of anorexia, weight loss, and malaise and fatigue may develop. Myelosuppression, central nervous system toxicity, increased hepatic enzyme concentrations, nausea and vomiting, and cardiovascular toxicity also are possible. Serum neutralizing antibodies may be formed during therapy; this phenomenon may affect the clinical outcome. Numerous BRMs are being investigated for clinical use, and pharmacists must become conversant in the issues that surround these agents. Areas in which pharmacist involvement and knowledge are important include overall cost, product similarities and differences, dosing and scheduling, drug delivery systems, ways to minimize waste, adverse effects and their management, drug interactions, storage requirements, differences in production and purification techniques among manufacturers, and education of patients and staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biologic response modifiers: the interferon alfa experience. 248 96

In this survey for the presence of the feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in the Singapore domestic cat population, the sera of two different groups of unvaccinated mainly short haired cats which were over 6 months old were sampled. The FeLV enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic test kit was used to detect the presence of the FeLV group specific (gs) antigens in the blood of cats. Of the 345 clinically healthy cats surveyed, 34 sera (9.9%) were found to be positive and of the group of 123 cats with clinical signs such as chronic wasting, marked by anaemia, anorexia and lethargy, 33 sera (26.8%) were found to be positive. From the time of diagnosis of a viraemia, 70% of cats will die within 20 months. The results are therefore indicative that annually a small proportion of cats in the local environment will die from a FeLV infection. This survey reflects the natural distribution of an infectious oncovirus in a susceptible host population which is unaffected by any control programme to interfere with the normal sequence of events of host virus interactions.
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PMID:A survey of the feline leukaemia virus in Singapore. 256 Mar 57

A 21-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of anorexia and general malaise in July, 1988. On admission, the white blood cell count of 18,600/microliters with 72% leukemic cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed 76.8% immature monocytes, 10% mature and immature eosinophils. Leukemic cells were 66.6% myeloperoxidase positive cells, and 20.6% naphthylbutyrate esterase positive cells. The lysozyme activity in urine was high. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 46 XY inv (16) (p13 q22). Under the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia (M4Eo) associated with inv (16) (p13 q22), one course of DCMP induction therapy was performed. After complete remission, the bone marrow aspirate showed disappearance of inv (16) (p13 q22), and associated with decreased residual leukemic cells.
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PMID:[Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv (16) (p13 q22) disappeared abnormal karyotype during complete remission]. 262

This case report illustrates neurological deficits as an unusual presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia. Neurological deficits are rare early in this disease. Our patient presented with anorexia, malaise, headache, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. A high WBC count and abnormal peripheral smear led to the diagnosis of leukemia. This report demonstrates that, although rare, CNS symptoms may be the initial manifestation of leukemia. Blood dyscrasias should not be overlooked in patients with the acute onset of neurological symptoms. A complete blood count and differential should be obtained under those circumstances.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations as the initial presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia. 275 13

Juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48) is prepared by extracting a mixture of ten kinds of medicinal plants. This prescription has long been used traditionally against anemia, anorexia, extreme exhaustion and fatigue. TJ-48 may now provide new advantages with little toxicity in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and promising results have actually been obtained in terms of preventing leukemia in cancer patients who have taken antitumor agents. The combination of TJ-48 and mitomycin C (MMC) produced significantly longer survival in p-388 tumor-bearing mice than MMC alone, and TJ-48 decreased the diverse effects of MMC such as leukopenia, thrombopenia and weight loss. However, mechanisms of the pharmacological action are still unclear. One of the possible mechanisms of the action of TJ-48 may be some effects on immune responses. Therefore we studied the effects of TJ-48 on immune response in mice and characterization of immunologically active substances. TJ-48 augmented antibody production and activated macrophage by oral administration of TJ-48, but reduced the MMC-induced immunosuppression in mice. TJ-48 showed a mitogenic activity in splenocytes but not in thymocytes, and an anti-complementary activity was also observed. Anti-complementary activity and mitogenic activity were both observed in high-molecular polysaccharide fraction but not in low-molecular weight fraction. Of several polysaccharide fractions in TJ-48, only pectic polysaccharide fraction (F-5-2) showed potent mitogenic activity. F-5-2 was also shown to have the highest anti-complementary activity. However, the polygalacturonan region is essential for the expression of the mitogenic activity, but that the contribution of poly-galacturonan region to the anti-complementary activity is less. F-5-2 activates complement via alternative complement pathway and induces the proliferation of B cells but does not differentiate those cells from antibody producing cells.
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PMID:[Chemical characterization and biological activity of the immunologically active substances in Juzen-taiho-to (Japanese kampo prescription)]. 278 80

Thirteen patients with hematological neoplasms were treated with Bestrabucil (100 mg/day po, total dose 700-9,900 mg), which is the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate. The diseases from which they suffered consisted of T-cell leukemia (3), lymphoma (3), myeloma (5) and essential thrombocytosis (2). Although this drug was less effective against myeloma, the other diseases were more or less relieved with this medication. That is, Bestrabucil was effective in all three patients with T-cell leukemia, both with essential thrombocytosis and two of the three with lymphoma. It is most interesting that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells decreased remarkably with Bestrabucil, along with the disappearance of several symptoms (bone pain, hypercalcemia etc.). The main side effects during this medication were mammary pain (eight of 13 patients, 62%), anorexia (five of 13 patients, 39%) and loss of libido (three of 13 patients, 23%), but neither severe myelosuppression nor hepatorenal dysfunction was induced.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of bestrabucil (KM 2210) in hematopoietic malignancies]. 287 6

Suramin treatments were administered (IV) to 2 healthy adult cats infected with naturally acquired feline leukemia virus. Serum viral infectivity--as assessed by focus induction by the method of Fischinger, using serial serum samples titrated on clone 81 cells--ceased transiently in both cats during treatment with suramin, but returned to significantly high levels approximately 14 days after treatment was stopped. Both cats tested positive for FeLV internal antigens in peripheral blood cells and serum before, during, and after treatment. Both cats tested negative for antibody to feline oncornavirus membrane antigen before, during, and after treatment. The major adverse effects of suramin in the 2 cats were transient vomiting and anorexia.
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PMID:Effect of suramin on serum viral replication in feline leukemia virus-infected pet cats. 302 23

The phase II trial of natural interferon-alpha (HLBI) in treatment of adult T-cell leukemia was carried out as a cooperative study. Of the 24 cases which could be evaluated, 3 cases in crisis type and 5 cases in chronic type with lymphadenopathy and/or skin infiltration achieved PR, giving a response rate of 33.3%. The anti-tumor effect of HLBI for skin lesion could be assessed in 16 cases with skin infiltration, giving a response rate of 50.0% (5 CR and 3 PR) and demonstrating a high efficacy. Of the 31 eligible patients, side effects were recognised in 27 (87.1%). Major subjective and objective symptoms were fever (38.7%), fatigue (25.8%), anorexia (12.9%) and nausea (12.9%), and leukopenia (22.6%), granulocytopenia (38.7%), thrombocytopenia (38.7), elevation of GPT (12.9%) and GOT (12.9%) were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical study on the effect of natural alpha-interferon (HLBI) in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia]. 305 2

Gastroduodenal endoscopic examinations were performed on 15 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Twelve had the disease in acute form, two in chronic form and one patient was in crisis. Eight patients had gastroduodenal lesions, four esophageal candidiasis, three gastric infiltration and two duodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Four out of the five patients who had the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration complained of gastroduodenal symptoms such as anorexia, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea and melena. Our observations suggested that these gastroduodenal symptoms were related to the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Esophageal candidiasis in ATL could be related to immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. 320 83

Persistent neutropenia (0-0.6 X 10(9) neutrophils/l) was documented during a 10-month period in a 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat that was presented for anorexia and depression. Salient abnormalities detected on physical examination were fever (40.3 degrees C), dehydration, and gingivitis. The cat was neutropenic (0.5 X 10(9) neutrophils/l) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for feline leukemia virus was negative. A bone marrow aspirate showed decreased numbers of mature granulocytic cells. In vitro bone marrow cultures for colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) were performed comparing bone marrow from the patient with that of a normal cat. The patient had fewer CFU-GM than the control. The number of CFU-GM increased when bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of 10(-5) and 10(-6) mol/l of hydrocortisone, but the cat did not respond to oral prednisolone therapy. The pathogenesis of the neutropenia in this cat remains obscure, but resembles the chronic idiopathic neutropenia syndrome of man.
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PMID:Chronic idiopathic neutropenia in a cat. 322 55


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