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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute abdomen syndrome was the presenting sign of leukaemia in the reported case. The authors discuss indications to surgical treatment in patients with leukaemia.
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PMID:[Pericecal abscess and infiltration as a complication in the early phase of acute non-differentiated cell leukemia]. 39 5

With the increase in remission and survival in children with acute leukemia, the complication of acute abdomen has become increasingly important in the total care of these children. A total of 286 children with acute leukemia was treated at Memorial Hospital between 1966 and 1971. Sixteen or 5.6% of these children developed an acute abdomen during the course of their disease. During the same period, many other children developed symptoms and signs mimicking an acute abdomen. Of the 9 children treated surgically, 5 were long-term survivors. Two children treated conservatively died, and 5 patients were diagnosed at autopsy. Prognosis was better in those patients in remission at the time of surgery, and where remission was maintained by immediately restarting antileukemic chemotherapy. A more aggressive surgical approach to the acute abdomen, combined with careful supportive measures, is further adding to the numbers of long-term survivors in childhood leukemia.
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PMID:Management of the acute abdomen in children with leukemia. 105 39

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman admitted for a haemoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of an ovarian endometrioid cyst. Preoperative investigations revealed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia of M3 type complicated by severe thrombocytopenia. The patient eventually died of intracerebral haemorrhage. The rarity of acute abdomen by bleeding as the first sign of acute leukaemia is emphasized.
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PMID:Haemoperitoneum due to rupture of an ovarian endometrioid cyst as a first symptom of acute leukaemia. 164 15

Surgical complications need not be fatal in acute leukemia. If these are promptly diagnosed and properly treated, the prognosis will improve. This report deals with a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with an acute abdomen following surgery for choledochal cyst. A peripheral blood smear and examination of the bone marrow revealed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The child received transfusions of blood and platelets. Pretreatment with prednisolone was started as therapy for leukemia, and 2 days later, the patient underwent surgery. Therapy was continued until the general condition allowed a more aggressive form of treatment. Complete remission was achieved, and the patient is still in good health 48 months after diagnosis and 15 months after discontinuation of treatment. The favorable outcome in this child shows that prompt surgery is sometimes an essential step in the treatment of childhood leukemia.
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PMID:Intestinal obstruction at the onset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child. 237 13

Three cases of histologically confirmed neutropenic enterocolitis, each presenting as an acute abdomen in patients with leukaemia are presented. All three patients presented with fever and abdominal pain within 14 days of completing a course of chemotherapy. Signs of peritonitis localized to the right iliac fossa developed in each patient, in spite of aggressive antibiotic therapy and bowel rest. All three patients were found to have non-viable caecum at laparotomy and were treated by right hemicolectomy. Primary ileocolic anastomosis was performed in one patient, who recovered following a stormy postoperative course owing to sepsis. Two patients underwent formation of an ileostomy with distal mucous fistula and each recovered with minimal postoperative complications; secondary anastomosis was performed electively in both cases. The difficulty in diagnosing neutropenic enterocolitis preoperatively is discussed and the place of non-operative management is reviewed but we recommend surgical intervention as a means of ensuring removal of a localized septic focus until marrow regeneration occurs.
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PMID:Surgical management of neutropenic enterocolitis. 267 57

Infection, hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are pulmonary complications occurring after remission induction therapy for acute leukemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of these causes by serial roentgenogram, clinical, microbiological and laboratory tests in 21 patients (pts) with relapsed acute leukemia (18 X myeloid, 3 X lymphoblastic), an AML-pt (acute myeloid leukemia) suffering from secondary leukemia, and three pts with primary refractory leukemia following treatment with intermediate (IM) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C), in combination with amsacrine (AMSA)(n = 19), etoposide (VP 16) (n = 5) or Mitoxantrone (n = 1). Eleven out of 25 pts developed pulmonary complications, one of them with massive hemoptysis and roentgenographic signs of pulmonary bleeding, one suffering from protracted shock after a tumor lysis syndrome, two pts showing symptoms of a cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating severe Candida pneumonia in one case and legionnaires' disease in the other. Seven of the eleven pts had a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with respiratory failure 1-14 days after cessation of induction or consolidation therapy. In six of the seven, there were no signs of cardiogenic, infectious or metabolic reasons, including fluid overload, for the pulmonary edema, one had as a contributing factor a Candida infection of the lung. Three of the seven patients recovered, four died (two following IM and two after HD-Ara C). Other adverse side effects, clearly attributable to HD-Ara C, included delirious state (n = 3), generalized erythema (n = 3), acute pancreatitis (n = 2), acute abdomen (n = 1) and conjunctivitis in almost all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating intermediate and high-dose Ara C treatment for relapsed acute leukemia. 336 72

From 1976 through 1982, 35 children with leukemia (27), aplastic anemia (4), and solid tumors (4), were evaluated for symptoms and signs of acute abdominal disease. Twenty-six patients required 34 operations, 14 of them for life-threatening events. Sixteen patients received a bone marrow transplant. The most common surgical emergencies were for acute massive Gl hemorrhage (10), biliary tract disease (4), and typhlitis (3). Thirteen (37%) of the children are alive and free of disease, 22 (63%) have died, 13 of them as a direct result of the abdominal complication which occurred. Alterations in the immune system and hematopoietic system caused by the malignant disease and its treatment with chemotherapy and irradiation appears to be responsible for a number of abdominal complications which the surgeon is asked to see. When symptoms and signs of an acute abdomen develop in patients with leukemia or solid tumors, prompt, thorough evaluation and early aggressive surgical treatment is needed if the patient is to survive. The surgeon should be aware of the unusual array of abdominal complications which can occur in this population of patients.
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PMID:The acute abdomen in the immunologically compromised child. 636 69

We report a case of eleven years old child with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed an acute abdomen while in haematological relapse. He had an acute appendicitis with leukemic infiltration of the coecum. The early surgical intervention and the coecum irradiation were successful: the following chemiotherapy achieved remission. A more aggressive surgical approach to the acute abdomen, combined with careful supportive measures, might improve the usually grim prognosis in patient whose leukemia offers a chance for remission.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen caused by phlegmonous appendicitis and leukemic infiltration of the cecum in a patient with acute lymphatic leukosis in relapse: clinico-therapeutic aspects]. 659 4

A 41-year-old woman with chronic myelogenic leukemia was scheduled to undergo transplantation of bone marrow. The patient complained of nausea and vomiting following the initiation of chemotherapy. One day prior to the planned termination of chemotherapy, the patient developed left-sided abdominal pain. Physical examination and imaging examination indicated the possibility of acute abdomen associated with bleeding or herniation. For therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, an emergency operation was performed. A 6 x 5 cm hematoma was detected within the left rectus abdominis muscle. It is suggested that the gastrointestinal symptoms should be carefully controlled in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Rectus hematoma secondary to vomiting: a complication of conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation. 771 78

Leukaemic and lymphomatous infiltration of the appendix is rare and even rarer is acute appendicitis as the initial manifestation. From our routine biopsy material we collected four cases of haematological malignancies presenting as acute appendicitis or acute abdomen, caused or accompanied by tumoral infiltration of the appendix. Appendicitis was the initial manifestation that allowed diagnosis of the underlying disease. The clinical histories and histological examinations of the appendices and of one autopsy are described. We report the first detailed description of acute myeloid leukaemia involving the appendix, and three cases of lymphomatous infiltration of the appendix presenting with appendicitis, and give an overview of the literature. In these days of budgetary cuts in national health services, where one may be tempted not to have seemingly commonplace cases of appendicitis histologically verified, our cases emphasize that careful histopathological examination of all appendectomy specimens should be mandatory. Despite the fact that leukaemia and lymphoma of the appendix are rare, our cases illustrate that these must be included in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and that physicians and surgeons have to be aware of these conditions.
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PMID:Leukaemia and lymphoma of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis or acute abdomen. Four case reports with a review of the literature. 939 90


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