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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Follicular lymphoma is a B cell malignancy prone to transformation into a large cell diffuse histology. This progression may be multi-clonal as determined by IgH rearrangement. Similar multi-clonal occurrences have been described in immunocompromised patients. However, the lymphoma cells remain predominantly of B cell type. Rarely, composite lymphomas with diffuse T cell histology have been reported arising from follicular lymphoma. The development of T cell leukaemia in a patient with a pre-existing B cell malignancy is an extremely rare event. The occurrence of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) following follicular lymphoma (FL) has not previously been reported. We report a case of Philadelphia positive (Ph+) T cell ALL developing in a patient who previously had FL which may give some insight into the cell of origin and the defects responsible for malignant transformation of the lymphocytes.
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PMID:Philadelphia-positive T-ALL in a patient with follicular lymphoma. 1110 13

Molecular diagnostic tests are widely performed in managing hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma. In this article, we review the present application and problems of the tests. Karyotyping is performed at diagnosis of all kinds of hematologic malignancies. This method needs dividing cells as samples and skilled experts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis using cells in interphase is performed, for example, to monitor the effect of interferon on chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. The weak point of this method is that approximately 2% of false-positive cells are inevitable. Southern blot method is used for clonal analysis in some disease, for example, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method using genomic DNA is performed for limited types of diseases such as lymphoma with bcl-2/IgH fusion gene. Reverse transcription(RT)-PCR method can detect fusion gene transcripts with high sensitivity. This method is useful for detecting minimal residual diseases after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. To perform quantitative analysis, real-time PCR or competitive PCR must be done. In the near future, new technology such as gene expression profiling analysis using DNA microarrays or spectral karyotyping(SKY) method will be used in clinical practice.
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PMID:[Molecular diagnostic tests in hematologic diseases]. 1130 16

A novel recurrent translocation t(11;14)(p11;q32) was found in three patients with splenic marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZBCL). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies with IgH probes revealed in all cases involvement of the IgH locus, with breakpoint downstream of the IGVH sequences. Partner genes at 11p11 were not identified. The translocation defined the stem line in two patients, who carried additional cytogenetic aberrations, including a 17p deletion, present in both cases. In one patient a 7q- chromosome was the primary cytogenetic defect, the t(11;14) having been found in four out of 11 abnormal metaphase cells at the time of transformation into high-grade MZBCL. Hematological features in all cases included splenomegaly with peripheral blood (PB) involvement by a monoclonal B cell population consisting of lymphocytes with villous projections and several blast-like cells. The immunophenotype was CD19+; CD22bright+; CD23-, CD10-, CD5-, surface Igbright+. A bone biopsy in one patient revealed an interstitial infiltration with an intrasinusoidal pattern of growth. Histological studies on spleen specimens in two patients showed an expanded marginal zone, with small lymphocytes and several blast-like cells. One patient had a therapy-demanding disease, with partial, short-term responses to cytotoxic treatment; one patient transformed into a high-grade MZBCL involving the gut, the PB and the bone marrow 2 years after diagnosis; one patient was unresponsive to cytotoxic treatment and underwent splenectomy. The t(11;14)(p11;q32) may define a subset of splenic MZBCL with a high-grade component and a relatively aggressive clinical behavior.
Leukemia 2001 Aug
PMID:A novel recurrent translocation t(11;14)(p11;q32) in splenic marginal zone B cell lymphoma. 1148 May 69

In this study, CA46 and ST486, two Epstein-Barr (EBV) negative cell lines derived from sporadic BL, were analyzed by multicolor spectral karyotyping, G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization with single-copy gene probes, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). In addition to reciprocal t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation involving c-myc and IgH loci, we identified a t(7;8;14)(q11.2;q24;q32) translocation in CA 46 cells and t(8;14;18)(q24;q32;q23) in ST486 cells. Both rearrangements were not previously described in BL and resulted in transposition of myc sequences in a new genomic configuration. Several DNA imbalances mapped by CGH at the same sites in both lines, may reflect recurrent genomic changes that are relevant to pathogenesis of BL. We tested the tumorigenicity of these lines by injecting cells intraperitoneally in SCID mice. In two separate experiments, CA46 cells produced tumors 2 weeks after cell inoculation while ST486 cells induced only one tumor after a long latency period. Partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1 involving variable bands but always band 1q23 is the second most common alteration in BL and is known to be associated with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis. Duplication of the bands 1q23-24 commonly observed in EBV-negative lines was identified only in highly tumorigenic CA46 cells suggesting that this region harbor gene(s) associated with tumor cell invasiveness.
Leukemia 2001 Oct
PMID:Novel genomic imbalances and chromosome translocations involving c-myc gene in Burkitt's lymphoma. 1158 16

A spontaneously EBV transformed follicular lymphoma (FL) cell line, Tat-1, was established from the lymph node biopsy specimen of a patient with B cell FL, grade 1 in transformation to high grade disease. Tat-1 cells expressed lymphoid markers and developed tumor masses in immunodeficient mice. Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Bax and p53 protein expression was revealed by Western blotting. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed P-gp expression. Cytogenetically, the Tat-1 cell line showed identical chromosomal alterations to that of the initial biopsy specimen, among which the most notable were the t(14;18) typical of FL and additional abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 8 and 13. Multicolor FISH analysis delineated all abnormalities, including a t(1p;8q), a der(8)(8q24::14q32::18q21) and a der(13)(13q32::8q24::14q32::18q21). Further FISH investigations using a locus-specific probe cocktail containing c-myc, IgH and bcl-2 revealed fusion of these three loci on the derivatives 8 and 13, in addition to the derivative 14 IgH/bcl-2 fusion and an extra copy of c-myc on derivative chromosome 1. These results demonstrate an additional example of the deregulation of bcl-2 and c-myc expression through recombination with a single IgH enhancer region. The unusual molecular features of the Tat-1 cell line render it a unique tool for studies focused on cytogenetic alterations, expression of multidrug resistance phenotype and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in FL.
Leukemia 2002 Feb
PMID:Establishment and comprehensive analysis of a new human transformed follicular lymphoma B cell line, Tat-1. 1184 Feb 95

In peripheral blood of at least 50% of healthy individuals, the translocations t(9;22) BCR/ABL, t(14;18) IgH/BCL-2, t(2;5) NPM-ALK and MLL duplications, which characterize chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and acute myelogenous leukemia, respectively, are detectable by sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No structural differences between these aberrations in normal or disturbed hematopoiesis are apparent. While the total count of t(9;22)- and t(14;18)-positive cells does not exceed 10(4), those with MLL duplications are more frequent and account for approximately 10(7) cells in the total blood pool. t(14;18)-positive cells seem to be immortalized, but the biological consequences of the other aberrations in positive healthy persons have not been studied in detail. Due to the high frequency of positive individuals, most of them will not suffer from the correspondent leukemia or lymphoma, and criteria for subgroups that may be at a higher risk remain to be determined. Most likely, the number of genetic aberrations in healthy individuals, which so far are only associated with hematopoietic disorders, will increase in the near future.
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PMID:Leukemia- and lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in healthy individuals. 1190 85

Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute leukaemia usually shows lymphoblastic morphology and a B-precursor phenotype. The bone marrow aspirate of a 9-year-old boy showed a L3 blast cell morphology in 90% of cells; immunophenotyping revealed a mature B-blast population. The translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11) was seen in 45 out of 50 metaphases, and expression of the corresponding bcr1/abl fusion transcripts, but no IgH/myc co-localization or splitting of c-myc, was demonstrated. Chemotherapy according to the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL-BFM 95) protocol with maintenance according to the BFM acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL-BFM 90) protocol resulted in continuing complete remission of 54 months. The occurrence of Ph+ Burkitt's leukaemia might reflect multiple-step cancer development.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-positive mature B-cell (Burkitt cell) leukaemia. 1213 45

BCL-1 rearrangement (BCL-1/IgH gene rearrangement) in acute lymphocytic leukemia and its clinical significance was investigated. In 38 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), the genomic DNA of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow was amplified by using hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the expression of cyclin D1 protein of mononuclear cells was detected by using immunohistochemical method. Ten patients with acute granulocytic leukemia, 2 with chronic granulocytic leukemia and 10 with normal bone marrow served as control group. The results showed that BCL-1 rearrangement was detectable in 3 of 38 ALL patients (7.9%) and cyclin D1 protein positive expression was detected in 4 ALL patients (10.5%). Three ALL patients with BCL-1 rearrangement were all B-cell leukemia (B-ALL) and accompanied by cyclin D1 protein expression. No BCL-1/IgH rearrangement or cyclin D1 protein expression was detected in 12 patients with granulocytic leukemia and 10 cases of normal bone marrow. Leukocyte counts in peripheral blood of B-ALL patients with BCL-1 rearrangement and (or) cyclin D1 protein expression were significantly increased and the patients had bad reaction to chemotherapy. It was concluded that: 1) BCL-1/IgH gene rearrangement were detected in acute B lymphocytic leukemia; 2) B-ALL patients with BCL-1 rearrangement and (or) cyclin D1 protein expression had poor prognosis.
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PMID:BCL-1 rearrangement in acute lymphocytic leukemia and its clinical significance. 1253 48

Double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) induce chromosomal translocations and gene amplification in cell culture, but mechanisms by which DSB cause genomic instability in vivo are poorly understood. We show that RAG-1/2-induced DSB cause IgH/c-Myc translocations in leukemic pro-B cells from p53/Prkdc-deficient mice. Strikingly, these translocations were complex, clonally heterogeneous and amplified. We observed reiterated IgH/c-Myc fusions on dicentric chromosomes, suggesting that amplification occurred by repeated cycles of bridge, breakage and fusion. Leukemogenesis was not mitigated in RAG-2/p53/Prkdc-deficient mice, but leukemic pro-B cells lacked IgH/c-Myc translocations. Thus, global genomic instability conferred by p53/Prkdc disruption efficiently transforms pro-B cells lacking RAG-1/2-induced DSB. Unexpectedly, RAG-2/p53/Prkdc-deficient mice also developed leptomeningeal leukemia, providing a novel spontaneous model for this frequent complication of human lymphoblastic malignancies.
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PMID:The RAG-1/2 endonuclease causes genomic instability and controls CNS complications of lymphoblastic leukemia in p53/Prkdc-deficient mice. 1255 69

To investigate the significance of GATA-2 and immunoglobulin heavy chain germline gene C( micro ) (IgH germline gene C( micro )) expression and coexpression in various leukemia cells, GATA-2 and IgH germline gene C( micro ) mRNA in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from 63 leukemia patients were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No GATA-2 or IgH germline gene C( micro ) mRNA were detected in normal bone marrow and peripheral blood. GATA-2 mRNA were be detected in 91.3% patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 75% patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as well as 83.3% patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP); IgH germline gene C( micro ) mRNA were be identified in 47.8% AML, 41.6% ALL, as well as 5.6% CML-CP. All patients with CML-AP and CML-BC expressed GATA-2 mRNA and partly expressed IgH germline gene C( micro ) mRNA. 47.8% AML and 41.6% ALL patients coexpressed GATA-2 and IgH germline gene C( micro ) mRNA. GATA-2(+) IgH germline gene C( micro )(+) cells of AML and ALL were mainly HLA-DR positive. As aberration of the transcription factors, GATA-2 and germline IgH germline gene C( micro ) gene might been linked to leukemogenesis. Various expression of GATA-2 and germline IgH germline gene C( micro ) gene in leukemia might correlated with the heterogeneous differentiation level of leukemia cells. The fact that leukemia with GATA-2(+) IgH germline gene C( micro )(+) coexpression indicated multilineage impairment of hematopoietic cells.
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PMID:[Expression of GATA-2 Gene and Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Germline Gene C( micro ) in Leukemia Cells and Its Significance] 1257 77


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