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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Short term cultures of bovine leukemic lymphocytes release virus particles with biochemical properties of RNA oncogenic viruses. These particles, tentatively called Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) have a high molecular weight-reverse transcriptase complex and a density averaging 1.155 g/ml in sucrose solutions. Molecular hybridizations between BLV-3H cDNA and several viral RNAs show that BLV is not related to Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV) Simian Sarcoma Associated Virus (SSV-1) Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) or Avian Myeloblastosis Virus (AMV). Rauscher Leukemia Virus (RLV) exhibits a slight but reproducible relatednesse to BLV. The high preference of BLV reverse transcriptase for Mg++ as the divalent cation suggests that BLV might be an atypical mammalian leukemogenic type C virus. Hybridization studies using BLV 3H cDNA as a probe suggest that the DNA of bovine leukemic cells contains viral sequences that cannot be detected in normal bovine DNA.
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PMID:Bovine leukemia virus: an exogenous RNA oncogenic virus? 6 82

The existence of oncornavirus genetic information in human prostatic tissue was studied by assaying tissue extracts for products of viral gene expression (ie, the p30 antigen). Tissue samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatic carcinoma (CaP) were assayed by the competetive radioimmunoassay. The competing antigens used were p30 proteins derived from the simian sarcoma virus type-1 (SSV-1) and the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV). Of the 40 extracts tested, three of 20 extracts from BPH patients and one of 20 from CaP patients competed with the SSV-1 p30 antigen and only one of ten extracts from BPH patients competed with the RLV p30 antigen. The significance of these findings has yet to be established.
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PMID:Role of oncornaviruses in carcinoma of the prostate. 6 18

A new retravirus (SMRV) isolated from a squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, has an Mg2+-dependen reverse transcriptase and a buoyant density of 1.17 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in cesium chloride, similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. The polypeptide patter of SMRV as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was distinct from the reported polypeptide patterns of known retraviruses. Four major polypeptides of molecular weights 40,000, 20,000, 14,000 and 8,000 were resolved in virus propagated in human, mink, and canine cells. In A204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, a protein of 73,000 daltons (gp73) represented the major viral glycoprotein as determined by [3H]glucosamine labeling. Additional proteins were also observed, but their presence depended on the cell type in which the virus was propagated. In both species-and interspecies-specific assays, no antigenic relatedness was observed between SMRV and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, baboon endogenous virus (BaLV), woolly monkey virus (SSV-1), murine leukemia virus, endogenous feline type C virus (RD-114), bovine leukemia virus, and equine infectious anemia virus. These findings indicate that SMRV represents a new retravirus and the first isolate from a New World monkey.
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PMID:Characterization of a retravirus isolated from squirrel monkeys. 6 28

Reverse transcriptase from foamy virus, strain H4188 was estimated and purified. The enzyme has the following characteristics: 1. The reaction utilized preferentially oligo (dT) poly (rA) as a primer-template; however, the synthetic primer-template oligo (dT) poly (dA) could also be used to some extent. 2. The reaction utilized oligo (dG) poly (rC) as a primer-template with very low efficiency. 3. The crude virus preparation had a detectable endogenous reaction using the four deoxyribonucleotides for DNA polymerization. 4. The cation requirement for the enzyme reaction was much more biased for Mn++ than for Mg++ ions. 5. The molecular weight of the partially-purified enzyme was estimated to be about 80,000. Aggregates of 240,000 daltons were also seen. The activity of this enzyme was not inhibited by antisera against the reverse transcriptases of various type C RNA viruses, namely, feline endogenous leukemia virus, RD 114, Woolly simian sarcoma virus (SSV-1) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). Antiserum against Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) enzyme was marginally active against foamy virus enzyme, perhaps indicating a slight cross-reaction. The biochemical characteristics of foamy virus reverse transcriptase seemed to be very close to those of the type C RNA viruses, but the immunological reaction proved that the foamy virus reverse transcriptase was distinct from the others.
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PMID:Reverse transcriptase of foamy virus. Purification of the enzymes and immunological identification. 7 44

Immunodiffusion analysis of the PMF virus which was detected in malignant permanent human cell lines revealed positive reactions with antisera against the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). No cross-reactivity was demonstrated with murine leukemia virus (MuLV), rat leukemia virus (RaLV), hamster leukemia virus (HaLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus (SSV-1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV). The cross-reactive antigens of the PMF virus and the MPMV are considered as evidence for the human origin of the PMF virus.
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PMID:Serological analysis of an oncornavirus (PMF virus) detected in malignant permanent human cell lines. 17 92

The sera of women with benign and malignant mammary tumours were investigated for the presence of antibodies to structural proteins of retroviruses types C and D by indirect immunoenzyme assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Among 89 sera tested 5 reacted with the RD-114 protein, 2 with SSV, M-7, and bovine leukaemia virus proteins. None serum reacted with mouse mammary tumour virus proteins. On the basis of these results we conclude that the expression of antibodies to structural retrovirus proteins is not specific for mammary cancer.
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PMID:Antibodies to retroviruses of types C and D in female patients with benign and malignant mammary tumours. 197 21

Enzymological properties of the RNA-directed DNA polymerase associated with the Suncus murinus mammary tumor virus (Sm-MTV) was investigated and its antigenic relatedness to other retroviral DNA polymerases was examined. The enzyme exhibited higher activity in the presence of Mg2+ than in the presence of Mn2+ with endogenous RNA as well as with almost all of the synthetic template X primers tested. Mg2+ was also effective with poly(2'-O-methylcytidylate) X oligodeoxyguanylate which was known to be specific for Mn2+. To examine the immunological relatedness of this enzyme with other retroviral DNA polymerases, remaining Sm-MTV DNA polymerase activity was measured after treatment of this enzyme with various antisera prepared against each of the reverse transcriptases of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV), simian sarcoma virus-simian sarcoma associated virus (SSV/SSAV), and Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV). No inhibition of the Sm-MTV enzyme activity was observed when treated with the latter three antisera with which the DNA polymerase activities of the corresponding retroviruses were fully inhibited. Only the antiserum against MPMV-enzyme, however, was found to slightly inhibit the Sm-MTV enzyme activity. These results indicate that Sm-MTV DNA polymerase has similar enzymological properties to those of MPMV and MuMTV and shares some common antigenic determinant group(s) with MPMV DNA polymerase.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunological characterization of Suncus murinus mammary tumor virus DNA polymerase. 241 16

We describe a case of primary myelofibrosis which terminated in an acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia with massive marrow fibrosis and osteosclerosis. The megakaryocyte lineage of the terminal phase was confirmed by ultrastructural and surface marker studies of the blast cells. The leukaemic phase was associated with the presence of large numbers of progressively more immature megakaryocyte progenitors in the peripheral blood. The expression of c-sis mRNA in these blast cells was significantly higher than in normal mononuclear cells. Activation of the c-sis protooncogene leading to increased production of platelet-derived growth factor could be related to the progressive fibrosis observed.
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PMID:Megakaryoblastic transformation of myelofibrosis with expression of the c-sis oncogene. 242 34

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disease which, on a clinical level, progresses from the release from growth control of normally differentiated cells (a preleukemic state) to an acute leukemia. On a molecular level, the evolution of CML to acute leukemia is a multistep process. We propose that an early step, at the stem cell level, is acquisition of the ability for gene movement, which allows subsequent submicroscopic and chromosomal rearrangements that cause changes in the growth characteristics and regulation of the stem cell. A specific platelet DNA polymerase (PDP - reverse transcriptase) may play a role in gene movement. The characteristic reciprocal translocation of chromosomes #9 and #22, causing the activation of the c-abl oncogene, appears to be responsible for the uncontrolled cellular growth. Yet, other growth factors (e.g., platelet derived growth factor) and activated oncogenes (e.g., c-sis) must be responsible for the stimulation, progression, and variability seen during the course of the disease. Because CML is a progressive disease with clinically definable stages, CML appears to be a model system for the study of the molecular basis of the progression of preleukemia to leukemia specifically, and preneoplasia to aggressive neoplasia in general.
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PMID:Implications of retroviral and oncogene activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. 243 4

Several oncogenes have been reported to be expressed in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Since these studies have almost exclusively been done by Northern and dot blot hybridization techniques using mixed populations of cells, any conclusions concerning quantitative changes in gene expression are difficult to document. We have developed a rapid and sensitive RNA-in situ hybridization technique permitting detection of as few as five copies of mRNA per cell. Using this technique we have studied the expression of two genes, c-myc and c-sis, in acute leukemia patients as well as hematologically normal individuals. We have found that expression levels of myc and often sis are higher (greater than 5-fold) in hematopoietic cells obtained from leukemia patients than in normal hematopoietic cells. In regenerating marrow, there is a dramatic increase in the frequency of cells expressing myc at the level of five to 10 copies without the presence of any cells expressing myc at the high levels found in acute leukemia. This is completely different from leukemic remission marrow in which we find a subpopulation of cells which express myc at very high levels. At this time, the leukemic origin of this abnormal cell population is likely because of the close correlation we find between gene overexpression and leukemic phenotype as identified by double-labeling experiments. It appears that gene overexpression may be a more sensitive or an earlier marker for leukemic cells and that such an assay could be used in the detection of residual disease.
Leukemia 1988 Jan
PMID:myc and sis expression in acute myelogenous leukemia. 244 56


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