Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin D3 (D2 is 22-ene,24-methyl D3) is a prehormone which is hydroxylated by mixed function mono-oxygenase NADPH-cytochrome P-450 ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase systems in liver parenchyma and renal proximal tubular cells to 25-hydroxy, then 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active hormone. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D binds to a mainly intranuclear receptor in target cells [classically, bone, kidney and gut; now shown to be wider including parathyroid cells, endocrine cells generally and many cells of ectodermal (brain, skin) and mesodermal (blood forming cells, lymphnode cells) origin as well as tumour cells (breast, lymphoma, leukaemia)] and activates transcription for products such as calcium binding proteins, its own receptor protein, 24-hydroxylase and non-specific esterase which are active in calcium homeostasis and cell differentiation. Advanced methods for measuring components of the vitamin D endocrine system have been developed and involve column extractions, liquid chromatographic purifications (also HPLC) and protein and receptor binding assays as well as mass spectrometry. These have facilitated elucidation of vitamin D physiology (also in pregnancy and lactation) and of metabolic defects in classical, vitamin D resistant and renal rickets and osteomalacia, in sarcoidosis and in the possible involvement of the vitamin in cell differentiation, e.g. in myeloid leukaemia, and breast cancer.
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PMID:An emerging view of vitamin D. 224 81