Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit antisera have been produced to an acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AMML)-derived cell line (RC2a) and a histiocytic lymphoma derived cell line (U937) having macrophage characteristics. The antisera were screened by complement-mediated cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence (cytofluorograph analysis) against separated leukaemic (122 patients plus 13 cell lines) and normal haematologic cell populations (60 preparations from 20 donors plus 10 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines). The sera were absorbed with pooled B-lymphoblastoid cell lines including the autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell line to RC2a (CESS-B) or alternatively with B-CLL and T-CLL cells. All leukaemic cell populations were confirmed using the markers SIg, E-rosette receptor, cALL antigen, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and myeloperoxidase. Rabbit anti-RC2a (Adherent cells) (RARC2a(Ad) ) and rabbit anti-U937 (RAU937) recognised antigens common to immature myeloid monocyte and T-lymphocyte lineage but did not react by cytotoxicity, absorption or cytofluorographic analysis with cells of B-lymphocyte lineage (B-lymphoblastoid or B-CLL) and reacted only occasionally with cALL patients' cells (includes pre B phenotype). These sera reacted with peripheral blood monocytes but not with other mature blood leucocytes. RAU937 reacted with a major mononuclear population from normal marrow and with more differentiated myeloid leukaemia cells. RARC2a(Ad) and RAU937 detected overlapping subgroups of myeloid leukaemia (AMoL, AMML, AML and CML) patients and Null-ALL and T-ALL patients. These subgroups are now being examined for prognostic significance.
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PMID:Rabbit antisera to cell lines RC2a and U937: antigens expressed on human leukaemic cells of myeloid, monocyte and T-lymphocyte lineage. 681 43

We reviewed 72 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens with abnormal hematopoietic cells and the clinical records of the 45 patients from whom they were obtained. Of the 72 specimens, 34 were originally diagnosed as positive for lymphoma or leukemia and the remaining 38 as "atypical cells present." Based on follow-up information of the patients, only three "atypical" specimens were from patients with CSF leukemia, but ten of the positive diagnoses were incorrect. Cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) produced cells with a characteristic morphology. Cells of five of the six false-positive specimens in this disorder were, in retrospect, markedly different from typical blasts. In contrast, two false-positive reactive cases from patients with no established malignancy had an infiltrate whose morphology was indistinguishable from that of many cases of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL). There were no cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma involving CSF, but two patients with CLL and infectious meningitis had false-positive cytologies. We conclude that in evaluating CSF specimens for lymphoma or leukemia, knowledge of the morphology and behavior of a patient's particular tumor can minimize incorrect diagnostic interpretations.
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PMID:Diagnostic problems in the cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid for lymphoma and leukemia. 694 70

We have confirmed our previously described finding that the group-5a antigen is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition we have found that the 5a antigen has an increased frequency in patients with chronic lymphocytic lymphoma but not in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Hodgkin's disease or histiocytic lymphoma.
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PMID:Increased frequency of the group 5a antigen in patients with hematologic malignancies. 695 May 41

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is a localized tumefaction of immature granulocytes that is typically seen in association with myelogenous leukemia. The primitive cell population seen in biopsy material may be misinterpreted as histiocytic lymphoma or other sarcoma unless additional studies are performed. We saw a 36-year-old woman with promyelocytic leukemia in remission who had the signs and symptoms of an acute coalescent mastoiditis. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen, however, demonstrated a granulocytic sarcoma. Our case exemplifies some of the difficulties that may be encountered in the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma and illustrates the point that symptoms of an inflammatory process in a patient with a diagnosis of leukemia must be regarded with a degree of suspicion.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) initially seen as acute mastoiditis. 695 53

Lymphoma cells in eight adult Japanese patients with no evidence of overt leukemia throughout their clinical course were demonstrated to be of T-cell nature by combining studies of various immunologic cell surface markers and cytochemistry. The histologic diagnosis of these patients was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in four patients, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in two patients and mixed histiocytic and lymphocytic lymphoma in two patients, according to Rappaport's classification. In seven of the eight patients, the malignant appearance and the large number of E-rosetting cells readily led to the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. Human Ia-like antigens were unexpectedly detected on the malignant T cells in seven of the eight patients. TdT activity was elevated in two of the four patients tested. Acid phosphatase activity was always observed in the neoplastic T-cells, and this activity was tartrate resistant. Focal activity of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase was detected in the malignant cells with somewhat mature appearances, but large immature cells had no or weak dispersed activity. Except for E-rosetting ability, malignant T-cells showed such variable properties that multiple marker analyses seem to be necessary in the diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis of these disorders. Frequent occurrence of T-cell malignancy in Japan was also discussed.
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PMID:Several marker analyses of T-lymphoma cells in eight Japanese adults. 697 34

Forty years ago, nitrogen mustard was first used in the treatment of a group of six patients with neoplastic diseases, including lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease at Yale University. Since then different kinds of chemotherapeutic agents have been discovered, which clinical efficacy was reviewed as a single agent and in combination. Especially over the past two decades, the management of malignant lymphoma has improved significantly with combination chemotherapy. Now there are several potentially curative regimens, such as MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's disease, and MOPP (or C-MOPP), CHOP (or HOP), BACOP and COMLA for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. There are recent trends to include methotrexate in combination and to use two non-cross-resistant regimens alternatively (CVP/ABP, MOPP/ABVD) for improving complete remission rate and remission duration. Treatment for favorable histologies, and clinical features and treatment of adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma were also briefly reviewed.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. 698 87

Thirty-one patients with stage III or IV diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) at 3- or 4-week intervals for at least six cycles or until two cycles after complete remission (CR) was achieved. At the completion of therapy, CR was documented by examination of sites known to previously contain disease. After documentation of CR, patients were followed without maintenance therapy. Fifteen patients (48%) achieved CR, four (13%) had equivocal lymphangiograms on restaging but were otherwise free of disease, two (6%) died of unrelated causes during therapy, two (6%) developed central nervous system lymphoma during therapy and despite peripheral remission eventually died of the CNS disease, and eight (26%) had either partial or no response. Twelve of the 15 patients achieving CR remain disease-free with no therapy for 9+ to 43+ months. Three patients relapsed at 3, 4, and 23 months after discontinuation of therapy. Three of the four patients with equivocal restaging lymphangiograms remain without progressive disease with no therapy for 10+ months. The projected median survival time for all patients is 41 months. The risks of long-term (maintenance) chemotherapy are considerable and include the induction of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. CHOP without maintenance therapy is able to induce long-term disease-free survival (and probable cure) in a significant number of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
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PMID:Advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) without maintenance therapy. 700 Mar 47

Serum ferritin was measured in a variety of hematologic malignancies at presentation, in remission following therapy, and in relapse. Ferritin was strikingly increased in all acute leukemias at presentation and in relapse, in the blastic crisis of CML, and in smouldering leukemia. Remission in both ALL and ANLL was associated with a reduction of serum ferritin, and this normalization was a function of remission duration. In the malignant lymphomas serum ferritin was related to tumor histology. Highest levels were found in Hodgkin disease and histiocytic lymphoma, normal levels in lymphocytic lymphoma, and intermediate levels in mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma. In all cases, remission was associated with normalization of serum ferritin. These correlations suggest that serum ferritin measurements may be of clinical usefulness in the initial evaluation and in the assessment of response to therapy in patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Serum ferritin in hematologic malignancies. 700 94

Extramedullary solid tumors of early granulocytic and monocytic precursors are a rare manifestation of acute non lymphoblastic leukemias. They may develop during the course, or be the presenting sign, of leukemia. We describe a case of myelomonocytic tumors involving the skin and the stomach as primary manifestations of leukemia. Two months later the patient developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia with a rapidly fatal course. At autopsy, multiple tumors were found in the skin, the peridural space, the muscles, the peritoneum, the pleura and in several organs, such as in the lungs, the kidneys, the gallbladder and in the whole gastrointestinal tract. The many synonyms of these tumors, the localisation, the chronology of the clinical manifestations and the various problems in the diagnosis are discussed. In the differential diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma, identification of myelomonocytic differentiation in neoplastic cells should be done, using special techniques, such as immunoperoxidase and cytochemical stains for esterases.
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PMID:[Tumors and myelomonocytic leukemia]. 701 61

Sequential chromosome studies were done on a patient who developed diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) after a long history of untreated chronic T-cell leukemia. During the indolent phase of her disease, a pseudodiploid lymphocyte population with 3q+ and 14q+ chromosome markers gradually replaced the originally diploid tumor cells. The karyotype of the lymphoma was hypertriploid (70--74 chromosomes) with the same 3q+ and 14q+ markers. The findings indicate that DHL in this patient evolved from the leukemic T-cell clone.
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PMID:Cytogenetic evidence for the clonal nature of Richter's syndrome. 701 17


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