Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated early antigens (EA) and the viral capsid antigen (VCA) were determined by ELISA on 263 sera obtained from healthy donors, patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), infectious mononucleosis (IM), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). As expected, most lymphoma patients showed markedly elevated anti-VCA IgG and anti-EA IgG antibody titers. Only one patient in the NHL group (n = 56) consisting of patients with lymphomas other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy-cell leukemia (HCL), and 3 patients with HCL (n = 19) had high antibody titers of the IgA class to VCA and EA. Seventeen out of 48 patients (36%) with CLL had high IgA anti-VCA titers and 10 of these sera (21%) also contained IgA anti-EA. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of IgA anti-VCA was 2,510, the GMT of IgA anti-EA was 780. These antibody titers were about 10 times lower than the corresponding GMT of the NPC patients investigated in this study. The elevated IgG and IgA antibody titers to VCA and EA in CLL and HCL patients seem to reflect an immunodeficiency secondary to the malignant disease leading to reactivation of latent EBV infection. The possibility that at least some of these B-cell lymphomas are associated with EBV cannot be excluded.
 ...
PMID:Increased incidence of IgA antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus-associated viral capsid antigen and early antigens in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 301 85

Treatment results remain very poor for some clinical and histopathologic subsets of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We treated 21 such patients with a high-dose combination chemotherapy regimen [Mega-COMLA (cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, vincristine, and methotrexate followed by leucovorin and prednisone) + CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)] in an attempt to improve disease-free survival. Neoplasms were classified using the Lukes-Collins system. Eight patients had T-cell lymphomas (convoluted lymphocytic lymphoma, four patients; T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, one; and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, three), eight had B-cell lymphomas (immunoblastic sarcoma, five patients; small noncleaved follicular center cell, one; and large noncleaved follicular center cell, two), and five had nontypable large noncleaved cell lymphomas. All patients were previously untreated; 18 of 21 patients had clinical stage III or IV disease. Following induction therapy (4-8 weeks' duration), 16 patients (76%) achieved complete remission, while three had partial remission. Two patients died of sepsis during induction therapy. Eleven of 16 complete responders (69%) remain in complete remission after a median follow-up of 35 months. The actuarial 3-year survival rate is 51% for the entire group. Myelosuppression with this regimen was severe and prolonged, with a median duration of neutropenia (less than 500 cells/microliter) of 14 days. Seven patients (33%) developed severe neuropathy following induction treatment. High-dose induction therapy with this regimen resulted in a high complete remission rate with manageable toxicity. Survival results are encouraging when compared retrospectively to our patients with similar poor-prognosis histologies treated with standard combination chemotherapy. However, the value of this intensive therapy, relative to newer ("third-generation") regimens, can only be established by prospective randomized studies.
 ...
PMID:Effects of Mega-COMLA (cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, vincristine, and methotrexate followed by leucovorin and prednisone) plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) in the treatment of lymphoid neoplasms with very poor prognosis. 301 6

NFS/N mice were infected within 48 hr of birth with pseudotypes of recombinant murine leukemia viruses containing avian v-myc developed T-cell, pre-B-cell, and B-cell lymphomas and epithelial tumors including pancreatic and mammary adenocarcinomas. Primary hematopoietic and epithelial tumors and continuous in vitro cell lines derived from some of these tumors, established in the absence of added growth factors, exhibited clonal integrations of v-myc and expressed v-myc RNA. These results show that deregulated expression of the myc oncogene in mammalian cells can initiate a wide variety of neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant murine retroviruses containing avian v-myc induce a wide spectrum of neoplasms in newborn mice. 301 49

We investigated the role of the Moloney helper virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV), in cell transformation and tumor induction by the defective Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV). A molecular clone of Ab-MuLV (P160 strain) was transfected into the psi 2 packaging cell line, and helper virus-free Ab-MuLV (psi 2) was harvested from the supernatant medium. Ab-MuLV (psi 2) was as efficient as helper virus-containing Ab-MuLV (Mo-MuLV) in the transformation of primary bone marrow cells in vitro. Inoculation of weanling BALB/c mice with Ab-MuLV (psi 2) induced nonthymic pre-B-cell lymphomas with high efficiency and short latency (28 days). Adult BALB/c mice were less sensitive to tumor induction by a factor of 100. Ab-MuLV (psi 2) did not induce tumors in weanling C57BL/6 mice, unlike Ab-MuLV (Mo-MuLV). Examination of the proviral integration pattern in Ab-MuLV (psi 2)-induced tumor cell DNA revealed that each of the tumors contained a single integrated provirus. Immunoprecipitation of viral-encoded proteins in helper virus-free tumor cell lines detected the P160 Ab-MuLV-transforming protein; however, no trace of the gag, pol, and env helper virus-encoded proteins was found. Our results indicate that integration and expression of a single Ab-MuLV genome is sufficient for efficient transformation of primary bone marrow cells by Ab-MuLV in vitro and tumor induction in susceptible mice. However, the helper virus may contribute to tumor induction in weanling resistant mice.
 ...
PMID:Cell transformation and tumor induction by Abelson murine leukemia virus in the absence of helper virus. 303 15

Since the discovery of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), malignant neoplasms of mature (peripheral) T lymphocytes have attracted a great deal of attention. This type of neoplasm is more common in Japan than in Western countries, and may show distinct clinical pictures such as hypergammaglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, etc. T-cell lymphomas are more prone than B-cell lymphomas to become leukemic. Because of a marked intermingling of reactive cells (histiocytes, eosinophils, etc.), the histologic diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma is often difficult. Proliferation pattern and cellular size do not correlate with prognosis as in B-cell lymphoma. Since T-cell lymphomas often manifest with several distinct clinicopathologic settings, their categorization should be based on several parameters, such as the presence or absence of ATLL-associated antigen in serum, histology, phenotype of the neoplastic cell, and clinical features. Since a classification for T-cell lymphomas has not been established, a further multi-disciplinary approach is necessary for a better understanding of this interesting neoplasm.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. 306 2

Studies of lymphoproliferative disorders using immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes have contributed to our understanding of clonality and lineages of these disorders. In this study, we examined the rearrangement of the recently discovered T-cell delta chain genes in a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases. We show here that six of 14 T-cell lymphomas and five of 23 B-cell lymphomas or B-cell leukemia cell lines have rearranged the delta loci, while two of two hyperimmune reactions retain germline configuration within these genes. Seven of ten cases of AILD were rearranged, and Lennert's lymphoma, which has been previously described as a T-cell malignancy, also contains rearrangements in the delta chain genes (three of five). Large cell anaplastic lymphomas positive for the activation antigen CD 30 also contain rearrangement in about one-half (five of 11) of the tumors examined. Two of seven of the Hodgkin's lymphomas studied contained a rearrangement for this gene. This study indicates that this newly identified T-cell delta gene is useful in evaluating clonality but is not lineage specific. However, with only one exception (in 28 rearrangements), this gene rearranges in tumors with gamma and beta chain gene rearrangements, indicating that when used in conjunction with the other TcR genes, delta rearrangement may also be useful in evaluating lineages.
 ...
PMID:Rearrangement of T-cell delta locus in lymphoproliferative disorders. 326 May 25

The cell surface markers of 75 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied on cryostat sections using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Forty-nine cases (65.3%) were found to express a B-cell phenotype, 23 cases (30.7%) a T-cell phenotype, 1 case (1.3%) a histiocytic phenotype and 2 cases (2.7%) no demonstrable surface markers. Follicular lymphoma accounted for only 10.7% of the cases. Most B-cell lymphomas expressed IgM-lambda or IgM-IgD-lambda, but a few failed to express surface immunoglobulin. Among the 23 cases of T-cell lymphoma, 22 were of peripheral T-cell type; most were of helper-cell (T4) phenotype and a significant number expressed J5 (CALLA) and I2 (HLA-DR). The present study shows that the percentage of T-cell lymphoma in Chinese is higher than in Caucasians, but lower than in Japanese. However, when the age-adjusted incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered, the incidence rates of T-cell lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese and Japanese in areas non-endemic for adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia are similar; the incidence in Americans is similar or slightly lower. The major difference between the races is that B-cell lymphoma, particularly the follicular type, is much rarer in Asians than Americans.
 ...
PMID:Immunophenotypic analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Chinese. A study of 75 cases in Hong Kong. 349 70

Surface marker studies of lymphoid malignancies are important in predicting the prognosis. We have investigated surface marker studies on lymphoma and leukemia cells with a new method of a microcytotoxicity test using monoclonal antibodies. The microcytotoxicity test (UCLA Monoclonal Antibody Tray 5) has the advantages of being performed in a few hours with an easy technique. The results showed that T-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas could be clearly differentiated by monoclonal antibodies specific to T or B cells, respectively. Leukemia cells of ALL and AML were also tested for several monoclonal antibodies. However, the problem that most of the monoclonal antibodies used in this tray have not been characterized for specificity has yet to be solved.
 ...
PMID:[Surface marker studies on lymphoma and leukemia cells with microcytotoxicity test using the UCLA Monoclonal Antibody Tray 5]. 387 97

It is a generally accepted principle of radiation biology that hematopoietic progenitor cells demonstrate dose rate independent killing by x-irradiation over the clinically relevant range for total body irradiation (TBI) (5-25 rad/min). To determine whether low dose rate (5 rad/min, or 20 rad/min) compared to conventional dose rate (200 rad/min) x-irradiation altered the clonagenic survival of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, several permanent cell lines were studied. These included: bg/bg cl 1, mouse basophillic leukemia; LW12, [W/fu rat acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)]; and human cell lines: JY and Daudi (B-cell lymphomas); K45, (T-cell leukemia); K562, (erythroleukemia); HL60 and KG1 (monomyeloid leukemias), and U937 (human histiocytic/monocytic lymphoma). Dose rate independent killing was demonstrated at several plating densities with mouse and rat leukemia lines and all human leukemia lines tested except lines HL60 and U937. With HL60, increased plating density increased the D0 at each dose rate. This effect was not attributable to an increased plating efficiency. With line U937 there was a clear dose-rate effect with increase in D0 from 88 rad, n 4.6 at 200 rad/min, to D0 = 166, n 2.3 at 5 rad/min. The data demonstrate that some human hematopoietic tumor derived cell lines of myeloid/monocyte/macrophage lineage can exhibit atypical repair of irradiation damage in vitro. This repair may be enhanced by conditions relevant to clinical TBI including low irradiation dose-rate and cell to cell interactions by tumor cells in close proximity.
 ...
PMID:Effect of X-irradiation dose rate on the clonagenic survival of human and experimental animal hematopoietic tumor cell lines: evidence for heterogeneity. 394 94

Activities of enzymes of the purine metabolic pathway, adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N), were investigated in the lymphoblasts of a patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These lymphoblasts exhibited increased ADA activity and diminished activities of both PNP and 5'N' as compared to normal lymphocytes as well as non-T, non-B leukemia cells. This enzymatic pattern is identical to that which has been described in T-cell leukemic lymphoblasts and differs from that which has been observed in the malignant cells of undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. These data suggest that there is biochemical heterogeneity within the spectrum of B-cell malignancies. Furthermore, inhibitors of ADA may be of use in those B-cell lymphoid neoplasms that exhibit increased ADA activity.
 ...
PMID:Lymphoblast purine pathway enzymes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 626 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>