Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a search for new anticancer agents fluorine bearing trisubstituted 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones (2-12) have been prepared and characterized by their elemental analysis, UV, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data. The in vitro anticancer activity of all the compounds has been determined. Compounds 3 and 7 showed a moderate activity against Leukemia/Lymphoma, Small/Non small Cell Lung, Colon carcinoma and Melanoma Cells.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis of some new fluorine bearing trisubstituted 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones as potential anticancer agents. 150 95

Melanoma-derived lipoprotein lipase inhibitor (MLPLI) is a factor purified from the conditioned medium of a human melanoma cell line, SEKI, which induced severe cachexia in tumor-bearing nude mice. Amino acid sequencing revealed that the amino-terminal portion was identical to that of leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF). To determine whether MLPLI is actually LIF, the expression of LIF mRNA was examined in the SEKI melanoma cell line. Northern blot analyses revealed that the cell line displayed an intense hybridizable band with a molecular size of 3.8 kilobases, suggesting that MLPLI is identical to LIF. The relationship between the development of the cancer cachexia syndrome and the expression of LIF mRNA was examined in four melanoma xenografts, SEKI, G361, A375 and MEWO, in nude mice. SEKI- and G361-bearing nude mice developed cancer cachexia syndrome, and their body weights decreased by the 25th day after the transplantation to 73.6% and 73.8% of the control, respectively. A375- and MEWO-bearing nude mice, however, did not develop the syndrome. Northern blot analyses revealed that G361 as well as SEKI expressed a large amount of LIF mRNA, but A375 and MEWO did not, suggesting a close relationship between the expression of LIF mRNA and the development of the syndrome. These data support the concept that MLPLI, or LIF, plays an important role in the development of the cancer cachexia syndrome observed in melanoma-bearing nude mice.
 ...
PMID:Cancer cachexia syndrome developed in nude mice bearing melanoma cells producing leukemia-inhibitory factor. 174 40

Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries. 346 96

Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to melanoma, radiolabeled with 131I, were evaluated as diagnostic reagents to determine their ability to localize systemic--MoAb injected intravenously (IV)--or nodal metastatic disease--injected subcutaneously (SQ) at a site proximal to draining lymph nodes. Sixty-one scans were performed (40 IV, 21 SQ) in 59 patients who had injections of 0.2-50 mg of 131I coupled (0.2-12 mCi) antibody. These included 48.7, which identifies a high molecular weight antigen (HMW), or 96.5, which identifies a transferrin like molecule, p97. 125I coupled nonspecific Fab 1.4, reacting with murine leukemia virus, or the whole antibody BL3, reactive with a human B cell idiotypic determinant, was generally used in tandem with the patients injected SQ as a nonspecific control. All patients had immunohistochemical studies performed on biopsied lesions and demonstrated binding to the antibodies injected. Of the IV patients, 22/38 (58%) had (+) scans, 13 at SQ or nodal sites, four at visceral sites, and five at visceral and SQ sites. Patients with clinical stage II disease had SQ injection of MoAb, including 11 additional patients injected with the whole antibody 9.2.27 (anti-HMW) labeled with 111In (6 patients) or 131I (5 patients). Nodal dissection was performed 2-4 days later. All 111In coupled antibodies demonstrated excellent nodal delineation without specific identification of tumor deposits. Of the 21 patients injected SQ with MoAb, 17 had confirmed tumor in nodes. Of patients injected with Fab fragments, 4/8 (50%) had specific uptake of MoAb, although only two were successfully imaged. Increased uptake of antimelanoma antibodies was observed in some patients in lymph nodes not containing tumor and was possibly related to antigen shedding. Clearance of labeled antibody from the injection site occurred with a half life of 16-50 hours. Toxicity was limited to local discomfort at the site of SQ injection. Melanoma metastases can be identified with IV or SQ injection or radiolabeled antibodies. These reagents may be useful in the diagnosis or therapy of human melanoma. Further evaluation will be required before they could be considered clinically useful.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody imaging of human melanoma. Radioimmunodetection by subcutaneous or systemic injection. 375 57

Cross-lymphatic metastasis from one breast to the other is the most frequent type of metastatic involvement of the breast. Melanoma, lung, ovary, and sarcoma are the most common types of blood-borne metastases to the breast from extramammary sites. The most common radiographic findings in patients with blood-borne metastases to the breast are single or multiple discrete nodules. Lymphoma or leukemia may involve the breast primarily but more often as part of a widespread process. Their presentation varies from discrete to ill-defined masses and may be obscured by underlying benign proliferative changes.
 ...
PMID:Metastasis to the breast. 711 7

The ADCC test has been miniaturized to use 0.05 ml of whole blood per test as ADCC effectors. A linear dose response was shown by dilutions of 0.05 ml of blood down to a 1:16 dilution. ADCC effector activities of 40 patients with lung cancer and four with leukemia were markedly less than the activity of 200 normal subjects. Melanoma patients did not have comparable statistically significant loss of ADCC activity.
 ...
PMID:Miniaturized whole blood ADCC assay of depressed effector activity in cancer patients. 746 71

Studies on cytogenetic abnormalities and cell lines have implicated chromosome 1p32 as being important in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Genetic linkage studies have also mapped a melanoma-susceptibility locus to chromosome 1p. The gene TAL1 is present on chromosome 1p32, and deletions within it are the commonest chromosomal abnormality in T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). A melanoma cell line harbouring a 1p32 deletion involving the TAL1 gene and the presence of TAL1 protein in developing mouse melanocytes led us to investigate whether TAL1 deletions and/or TAL1 protein expression occur in sporadic melanomas. DNA extracted from 32 fresh melanomas was amplified by standard polymerase chain reaction for the four common deletions of the TAL1 gene that occur in T-ALL. In addition, frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of these melanomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies that detect full-length and truncated TAL1 protein. The results of the study show that deletions of TAL1 do not occur in melanoma. Indeed, full and truncated TAL1 protein also could not be detected immunohistochemically in the paraffin-embedded and frozen sections of the melanomas. We conclude that the TAL1 gene and its protein are probably not directly involved in the oncogenesis of melanomas.
Melanoma Res 1995 Aug
PMID:TAL1 gene deletions and TAL1 protein expression in sporadic melanoma. 749 60

The problem of malignant melanoma is important in the United States, in the world as a whole, and particularly in Hawaii with its high levels of ultraviolet radiation. It is estimated that 32,000 Americans will develop melanoma and 6,800 will die of this tumor in 1993. Melanoma is now the seventh most frequent cancer in the United States. It is more common than ovarian, cervical, CNS cancer and leukemia. Both incidence and mortality from melanoma are rapidly increasing. The incidence of melanoma has consistently increased 6% a year and the death rate has increased 2% a year since 1950. At current rates, one in 400 will die of this tumor. Should this rate of increase continue, by the year 2000, it is estimated that one in 75 Americans will develop melanoma during a lifetime. The highest melanoma incidence in the U.S. is found in Hawaii. Melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer in the United States and all over the world.
 ...
PMID:The gender-related issues in malignant melanoma. 832 89

GD3 Synthase (alpha 2,8sialyltransferase) (EC 2.4.99.8) cDNA has been cloned by eukaryotic cell expression cloning. Using this cDNA as a probe, the expression level of the gene in human cancer cell lines was analysed by Northern blotting and RT-PCR, then correlated with the ganglioside expression and enzyme activity. Melanoma cell lines showed extremely strong bands in Northern blot and RT-PCR/Southern analysis. The enzyme activity was also very high in melanomas as expected. Neuroblastoma and astrocytoma lines showed relatively low levels of the gene expression, whereas they expressed high levels of GD2. Although the mRNA level of the GD3 synthase gene and enzyme activity in individual cell lines correlated positively, some cell lines showed much higher activity than expected from the mRNA level. Among leukaemia lines, adult T cell leukaemia-associated (HTLV-I+) lines showed fairly high levels of the mRNA. On the other hand, T-ALL lines showed very low levels. In addition, GD3 and GD2 expression and mRNA level of the gene during T lymphocyte activation were analysed. Only GD3 expression was induced by any of the stimulatory reagents used, and corresponding up-regulation of the GD3 synthase gene was shown in RT-PCR/Southern analysis.
 ...
PMID:Expression of alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase (GD3 synthase) gene in human cancer cell lines: high level expression in melanomas and up-regulation in activated T lymphocytes. 874 67

A significant correlation between the inactivation of the growth-regulating enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RR) with the growth inhibition of four different tumour cell lines has been found for seven different p-alkoxyphenol derivatives with varying lengths of alkyl side chain. In Novikoff hepatoma and human leukaemia cells, inactivation of RR by p-alkoxyphenols was monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the catalytically essential tyrosyl radical in the subunit R2 of RR. A significant inhibition of cellular growth of Novikoff hepatoma cells, human leukaemia cells and two human melanoma cell lines (MeWo and M5) by p-alkoxyphenols was also observed by growth inhibition assays. Inactivation of RR in whole tumour cells as well as inhibition of cellular growth of tumour cell lines by p-alkoxyphenols both show an increase in inhibition with increasing length of the alkyl side chain; the most effective inhibitors are p-isobutoxyphenol, p-butoxyphenol and p-propoxyphenol. The enzyme RR, and in particular the catalytically essential tyrosyl radical in the active site, is recognized as an important cellular target for growth inhibition of Novikoff hepatoma cells, human leukaemia cells and melanoma cells by p-alkoxyphenols. Thus, the most potent RR inhibitors-p-isobutoxyphenol, p-butoxyphenol and p-propoxyphenol-may be considered as future antiproliferative drugs for the systemic treatment of melanoma as well as leukaemia and possibly other malignancies.
Melanoma Res 1997 Aug
PMID:Inactivation of ribonucleotide reductase in tumour cells and inhibition of tumour cell growth by p-alkoxyphenols. 929 78


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>