Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Burkitt's lymphoma occurs mainly in parts of tropical Africa and has attracted the attention of experimental workers due to its epidemiological and clinical features, which indicate a viral etiology and a host immune response to the tumor. As a result of virological studies, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been demonstrated in almost all tested biopsies of African BL. This contrasts to the absence of EBV in all, or almost all, of the non-African Burkitt's lymphoma-like tumors, even though the number of tested tumors in this group is small, and to the lack of EBV in all other types of lymphoma or leukemia. Immunological studies have revealed the presence of antibodies to different EBV-associated antigens in all African patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. However the antibodies are not specific for Burkitt's lymphoma but are found in most adults all over the world, although at lower levels. They cannot therefore serve diagnostic purposes, but they can give prognostic information and occasionally give clues to the mechanisms behind late tumor recurrences, and possibly guide so-called immunotherapy. Burkitt's lymphoma patients contrast to appropriate control groups where some of the persons are anti-EBV seronegative, and this, together with the presence of EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma biopsies and the absence of EBV in other lymphomas, even though the cell type involved may be infectable by EBV in vitro and the tumor may arise in an EBV-carrying person, favors an etiological role in EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma and speaks against the "passenger" hypothesis, according to which EBV is picked up by the Burkitt's lymphoma cell which happens to be particularly suitable for EBV persistence. To explain the geographical distribution, a cofactor, such as certain forms of malaria, has been implied.
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PMID:Burkitt's lymphoma - a human tumor model system for immunological studies. 17 35

An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), BJA-B, was established from an African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) which contained no detectable EBV DNA and did not express the EBV specified antigen EBNA, BJA-B cells grow in typically large, flat clumps. All carry surface-bound immunoglobulins, a B lymphocyte marker, and do not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. After infection of BJA-B cells by EBV the infected cells may produce either EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) or both EBNA and early antigen (EA), depending on the strain of EBV. The homogeneity of the BJA-B cell population with respect to immunological and isoenzyme markers and size suggests a clonal origin of the line. BJA-B is the first EBV-negative LCL established from an African Burkitt's lymphoma and demonstrates that an EBV-independent continuous B cell line can be established "in vitro" from other than leukemia or myeloma cells.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBC)-negative lymphoblastoid B cell line (BJA-B) from an exceptional, EBV-genome-negative African Burkitt's lymphoma. 17 29

Six patients, two with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) and four with lymphosarcoma with early transformation into A.L.L., have been studied. All blast-cells demonstrated with cytological, cytochemical and ultrastructural features of Burkitt's tumour. The clinical evolution was fulminant and there was no remission of long duration despite intensive chemotherapy. The cytoplasm of the blast-cells displayed a great number of lipid droplets. The level of the anticapsid Epstein-Barr virus antibodies was high in the case investigated.
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PMID:Clinical and ultrastructural study of Burkitt-like leukaemia. 18 77

During the period of three years ((1972-1974), serum samples from 60 patients (children and adolescents) with lympho-hematopoietic system diseases were examined for antibodies to all four human herpesviruses. Among these were 26 active Hodgkin's disease (AHD) patients and 6 HD patients with a minimum five years' remission. Simultaneously matched controls (age, sex) of AHD patients were examined. Antibody levels against the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/VCA) in AHD patients were significantly higher, with overrepresentation of higher titres (greater than or equal to 1:160), than in matched controls. The lowest EBV/VCA antibody titres were in the leukemia-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. We could not prove any significant relationship between cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody titres and AHD or any other disease of lympho-hematopoietic system. The varicella-zoster virus antibody titres in AHD patients were significantly higher than in matched controls. No significant differences in antibodies against EBV/VCA and the other human herpes viruses between the evolution and remission period of AHD patients could be detected. No differences in EBV/VCA antibody titres were observed between the healthy school-children aged 10 to 15 years who were and who were not in contact with a HD patient.
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PMID:Herpesvirus group antibodies in children with Hodgkin's disease. 19 63

A human B-cell line designated as BALL-1 was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Neither Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) particles nor EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detectable. The morphologic and growth characteristics were clearly distinct from those of numerous EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines previously reported. BALL-1 cells probably originated from the donor's leukemia cells as judged from their cytogenetic, morphologic, and surface features. The BALL-1 line was the first EBNA-negative B-cell line established from ALL.
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PMID:Establishment of an Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen-negative human B-cell line from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 19 75

An Epstein-Barr virus like herpesvirus has been isolated from a lymphoid cell line derived from an orangutan with spontaneous myelomonocytic leukemia. Herpesvirus has not previously been isolated from this species of higher ape.
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PMID:Establishment of a cell line with associated Epstein-Barr-like virus from a leukemic orangutan. 19 78

An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative lymphoma line (JBL) was established in vitro from pleural effusion of an EBV-seropositive 29-year-old Japanese female with Burkitt's lymphoma. JBL cells as well as her original lymphoma cells bore monoclonal surface IgM with lambda light chains. The JBL line grew in single cell suspension with a doubling time of 30 hours. Attempts were made to serially transplant JBL cells in antilymphocyte serum-treated newborn hamsters; intraperitoneal implantation of 1-3 X 10(7) cells gave rise to invasive tumors in all recipients with death after 10 to 14 days. The hamster-passage line, now in the 9th passage, has been converted to an ascitic form with progression to leukemia in some animals. A "starry sky" pattern closely resembling the human tumor material was preserved in every tumor through serial animal passage.
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PMID:Establishment of an Epstein-Barr virus-negative B-cell lymphoma line from a Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma and its serial passage in hamsters. 20 60

In an attempt to associate oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus with lymphoproliferative disorders other than infectious mononucleosis, we tested throat gargles collected from adult subjects for the EB virus. Nine (16%) of 55 healthy persons were positive. High EB virus-excretion rates were found among patients with active acute lymphocytic leukemia (6/6, 100%), among renal homograft recipients during the third to 12th month after transplantation (26/30, 87%), and among critically ill patients with leukemia-lymphoma (14/19, 74%). Moderately high excretion rates were found among patients with myeloma (7/16, 44%), patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (5/11, 44%), critically ill patients with solid cancers (15/37, 41%), and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8/21, 38%). Our data suggested that the higher than normal excretion rate is realted to the basic disease process and to the general health status but not to the duration of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and by recipients of renal homografts. 20 83

In a series of 166 leukemic children from Turkey, 56 had acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML). Seventeen boys and 3 girls presented with chloroma-like deposits (granulocytic or myeloid sarcomas) in the eye and orbit, all showing AMML on initial study of blood and marrow. The ocular lesions responded rapidly to antileukemic therapy. Laboratory studies of AMML cases revealed no cytogenetic or immune defects, and Epstein-Barr virus titers were normal. A group-specific (GS-3) antigen (type-C virus?) was identified in one patient by radioimmunoassay of orbital tumor extracts. It is not clear what factors contribute toward the myelomoncytic differentiation of leukemia and its localization in the eye and orbit, but opportunities for further study are enhanced by reports of a predisposition to ocular chloroma among leukemic children in Africa, Egypt, and Japan.
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PMID:Ocular granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in Turkish children. 20 41

An indirect immunofluorescent technic has been used for rabbit antisera (anti-EP) that demonstrated complement-dependent cytotoxicity against human leukemic lymphocytes but not against normal blood lymphocytes. With the immunofluorescent technic, the antisera were found to react with 2--23% of normal blood lymphocytes. Simultaneous staining of normal cells with anti-EP and for surface immunoglobulins (SIg) on bone-marrow-derived B-cells showed that the proportions of stained cells were similar to percentages of cells stained by anti-EP alone or for SIg alone. The percentage of anti-EP reactive cells also approximated the percentages of cells reactive to a known antiserum to human B-cell associated, or Ia-like, antigens. The anti-EP reacted with lymphoblastoid cells from two B-cell lines lacking the Epstein-Barr viral genome. The antigens detected by anti-EP probably are B-cell-associated. The anti-EP intensely stained neoplastic cells of acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma-cell leukemia. Cells from two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and from two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia showed increased intensity of anti-EP staining and/or increased proportions of stained cells following overnight incubation in culture medium, compared with the preincubation samples. This observation suggests the presence of a "blocking component(s)" on cell surfaces, which interfered with anti-EP reactivity. After overnight incubation, the component might have been removed from the antigenic sites on cell surfaces. Further studies of leukemia lymphocytes using anti-EP for the cell-bound "blocking component" may reveal important pathogenetic mechanisms.
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PMID:Detection of B-lymphocyte (B-cell)-associated antigens on human leukemic lymphocytes. Masking of membrane antigens. 21 64


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