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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human hematopoietic cell lines, which had been classified on the basis of studies on clonality, and morphological, chromosomal and functional parameters as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) of presumed non-neoplastic origin, and lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines of proven malignant origin, were tested for tumorigenic potential on subcutaneous transplantation to nude mice and for capacity to grow in semi-solid medium in vitro. Recently established LCL failed to grow both in nude mice and in agarose. In contrast, some of the LCL which had developed secondary chromosomal alterations during continuous cultivation for periods exceeding several years were tumorigenic and/or had the capacity to form colonies in agarose. Most lymphoma lines formed colonies in agarose and tumors in the mice. One of the two myeloma lines formed subcutaneous tumor which, however, showed no progressive growth. The other myeloma line failed to grow. Both myeloma lines, however, formed colonies in agarose. The myeloid leukemia line was tumorigenic while two of the three tested lymphocytic leukemia lines failed to grow in the mice. All leukemia lines formed colonies in agarose. We conclude from this study that: (1) Of the two types of Epstein-Barr virus containing cell lines [LCL and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines], only BL lines were shown to form tumors when inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice and had the capacity to grow in agarose in vitro. This shows that EBV transformation per se does not necessarily render lymphocytes tumorigenic in nude mice. The capacity to form colonies in agarose is not acquired either. (2) Changes of the karyotype and several phenotypic characteristics which occur in the originally diploid LCL during prolonged cultivation in vitro may be accompanied by the acquisition of the potential to grow subcutaneously in nude mice and in agarose in vitro. (3) The inconsistency with regard to the capacity of come of the neoplastic cell lines to grow in nude mice or in agarose seems to underline that neither of the two tests is a reliable criterion for malignancy of human lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma cell lines.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity of human hematopoietic cell lines in athymic nude mice. 1 96

A panel of established cell lines and many primary cell specimens from lymphomas and leukemias as well as from normal lymphatic tissues were tested for tumorigenicity by intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice. Not only lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, but also lymphoblastoid cell lines, lacking markers of malignancy, were tumorigenic in the brains of nude mice. These findings indicate that tumorigenicity following intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice cannot be used as proof for the malignant nature of established cell lines. Heterotraplantation of primary cell specimens yielded only a few tumor takes. When primary cells were infected with exogenous Epstein-Barr virus prior to the transplantation procedure, tumorigenicity could be significantly increased. Cytogenetic evaluation of tumors growing after intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cells showed, in some cases, a selection of cytogenetically aberrant cell clones.
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PMID:Intracranial heterotransplantation of human hematopoietic cells in nude mice. 3 11

60 leukaemia patients with acute mylogenous leukaemia, chronic myelocytic leukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were tested for five specificities of the new B-lymphocyte alloantigenic system. Two specificities of the first B-cell locus were significantly lower in frequency than in B lymphocytes from 105 controls. B-cell group 1 was found in 18% of leukaemia patients vs. 48% of controls (p less than 0.025) and B-cell group 2 was found in 0% of leukaemia patients vs 23% of controls (p less than 0.025). Group 2 was also absent in 37 cultured lymphoblastoid lines. It is suggested that resistance to B-cell leukaemia and to Epstein-Barr virus transformation in vitro may be linked to a B-lymphocyte specificity on the first B-lymphocyte locus.
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PMID:The absence of B-cell antigen B2 from leukaemia cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. 5 11

Forty lymphoblast cell lines derived from normal subjects, patients with infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, and Burkitt's lymphoma have been studied for surface receptors including surface Ig, complement receptors by the EAC rosette and fluorescent (Raji cell) techniques, and Fc (aggregate) receptor by direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Because of the B-cell tropism of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an effort was made to correlate the expresion of various surface properties of lymphoblastoid cell lines with the content of EBV viral DNA as determined by complementary RNA-DNA (cNRA-DNA) hybridization on membrane filters or by DNA-DNA renaturation kinetic analysis. The only correlation established was with the Fc receptor determined by direct immunofluorescence. No correlation of EBV genome equivalents per cell with complement receptor or surface Ig was noted, suggesting that the expression of these receptors is not influenced by EBV viral DNA content. Subgroups of lymphoblastoid cell lines were on the basis of variable expression of surface receptors, designated B1, B2, B3, B4, and T. The distribution of lymphoblastoid cell lines into these subgroups were in the ratio of 14:4:1:4:1. The B1, B2, and B4 cell lines (except Molt 4F) were found to contain EBV. The B3 subgroup, for wich cell line 698 was the sole example, expressed surface immunoglobulins but no other B-cell characteristics, and H.S.B., a T-cell line, lacked detectable EBV.
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PMID:Subpopulations of human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Correlation with the expression of surface receptors and content of Epstein-Barr virus genome. 6 90

Permanent cell lines have been established from twelve diffuse histiocytic lymphomas (SU-DHL-1 to -12), three American Burkitt's lymphomas (SU-AmB-1 to -3), two acute lymphoblastic leukemias (SU-ALL-1 and -2), and three diffuse undifferentiated lymphomas (SU-DUL-1, -2, and -3). The cultured cells displayed neoplastic characteristics, as manifested by heterotransplantability in congenitally athymic nude mice and by the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities in early passage generations. Functional and marker studies revealed that the three American Burkitt's lymphomas, as well as several of the diffuse histiocytic and undifferentiated lymphomas, were of B-lymphocytic origin, whereas the two acute lymphoblastic leukemias were both of T-lymphocytic origin. Two of the cell lines, SU-DHL-1 and -2, appeared to be of true histiocytic origin; two others exhibited no markers and were designated as "null" cells. All ten of the DHL cell lines studied to date, as well as SU-DUL-1, have been devoid of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes by the EBNA test, whereas two of the three American Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines were positive. Spontaneous production of a C-type RNA virus was first detected in post-mitochondrial cytoplasmic fractions and culture fluids of the SU-DHL-1 cell line. Screening assays for the detection of reverse transcriptase-positive particles in the culture fluids of the other cell lines indicate that eight of the fifteen cell lines tested to date have spontaneously initiated C-type RNA virus production. After partial purification by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, the reverse transcriptases of the virus isolated from SU-DHL-1 cells is partially inhibited by antibodies to the reverse transcriptases of C-type viruses of subhuman primate and endogenous feline, but not of murine, origin. Conversely, antibody prepared against the purified SU-DHL-1 viral reverse transcriptase, at concentrations which maximally inhibit the homologous enzyme, partially inhibits the reverse transcriptases of subhuman primate C-type viruses, but has little or no inhibitory activity against the reverse transcriptases of feline or murine leukemia viruses. The viruses produced by the SU-DHL-1 and SU-AmB-3 cell lines have been shown to be infectious for normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, normal human bone marrow cells, and certain human lymphoblastoid cell lines. After infection by these viruses, normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human bone marrow cells have exhibited striking changes in growth behavior and morphology which, though not permanently sustained, have many of the features of abortive transformation.
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PMID:Biology and virology of the human malignant lymphomas: 1st Milford D. Schulz Lecture. 8 2

One-way mixed lymphocyte reactions between lymphocytes from normal human donors and mitomycin C-treated cells from human leukemia T-cell, null cell, and B-cell lines were investigated. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma line and two EBV-positive normal lymphoid cell lines were studied in parallei. Normal lymphocytes were stimulated significantly by the cultured null cells and B-cells, but only slightly by the cultured T-cells. The stimulatory capacity of these two leukemia cell lines was approximately equal to that of the lymphoma and normal B-cell lines. The results suggest that not only leukemia B-cells but also leukemia null cells have stimulatory determinants in mixed lymphocyte culture.
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PMID:Comparison of the stimulating capacity of human leukemia T-cell, null cell, and B-cell lines in mixed lymphoma culture. 14 48

Over 200 established human hematopoietic cell lines of normal and malignant origin have been investigated by morphological and functional parameters. Employing morphology as the overriding parameter four types of lines were identified. (1) Lymphoblastoid cell lines, derived from normal and neoplastic hematopoietic tissue, were characterized by the wide morphologic flexibility of individual lymphoblastoid cells, constant association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), polyclonal derivation, differentiation for immunoglobulin production (secretion) and their diploids. (2) Lymphoma cell lines. This type of line was established at a high frequency from Burkitt's lymphoma and rarely from other types of lymphoma, but never from patients without malignancy or with non-lymphoma malignancies. Important characteristics were morphologic stereotypia within each line, monoclonal derivation, common but not obligatory association with EBV, variability in the expression of Ig synthesis (no production, or membrane bound Ig, or secretion) and aneuploidy. (3) Myeloma cell lines could only rarely be obtained from patients with myeloma. The basis for classification of these lines is their production of Ig identical to the myeloma protein in vitro. Other important distinguishing features were: plasma cell morphology, absence of EBV and aneuploidy. (4) The leukemia cell line (MOLT 4) was the only line with T-cell characteristics and was easily distinguished from the other types. Important characteristics were a typical surface ultrastructure, absence of EBV and absence of immunoglobulin production, Individual lymphoblastoid lines were in principle identical whereas each line of the other three types had its own characteristic profile. The phenotypic characteristics of the lymphoblastoid lines were very stable during prolonged serial cultivation. Only in a few cases were secondary chromosomal, functional or morphologic alterations noted. We conclude that EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid lines can be obtained from non-neoplastic precursor cells from healthy as well as from diseased individuals. Lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines are only obtained from the respective neoplastic tissue but generally at a low frequency. With the exception of Burkitt's lymphoma, malignant hematopoietic tissue and leukemia frequently give rise to established cell lines in vitro of the lymphoblastoid type rather than lines derived from the neoplastic cells;
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PMID:Classification and biological nature of established human hematopoietic cell lines. 16 56

Immunofluorescence absorption methods are described which permit quantitative estimation and differentiation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens (virus capsid antigen, VCA, early antigen, EA and EBV-determined nuclear antigen, EBNA) in cell extracts. EBNA was present in all cell lines (producer and non-producer) which carried the EBV-genome, while VCA and EA were present in producer lines only. All the antigens were absent from a lymphoid cell line (MOLT-4) which lacked the EBV-genome, as well as from leukemia cells from peripheral blood. The techniques demonstrated antigenic identity of the various antigens when prepared from different cell lines.
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PMID:Immunofluorescence and anti-complement immunofluorescence absorption tests for quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens. 16 41

Several lymphoid cell lines with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T-cell) characteristics have been established from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cell lines are considered to be leukemic T-cells on the basis of their abnormal chromosome constitution, growth in heterologous animals, ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells and the absence of immunoglobulin production, and destruction by antithymus cell sera. Sera from patients with leukemia did not react with these cultured cells but there was a strong reaction with infectious mononucleosis sera despite the fact that the cultured leukemia T-cells had no detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its genome.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 16 11

Sera from 67 Hodgkin's disease patients, 71 leukemia patients, and 186 healthy subjects were tested for antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) viral antigens by immunofluorescence methods. In both disease categories, in particular Hodgkin's disease patients, levels of antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) and MGT were higher than in the healthy controls. Significantly higher titers were found in Jewish patients of Asian-African origin, as compared to Jews of European origin, with Arab patients as intermediates. The effect of ethnic origin was independant of age and histopathologic type. Sex had no effect on titer. Inconsistent differences in titer were found between age groups in the various ethnic-histopathologic type groups. Some of the leukemia patients had no detectable antibodies to EBV, while all Hodgkin's disease patients showed previous contact with EB virus. Antibodies to the early antigen (EBV-EA) were found in 27% of Hodgkin's and 37% of leukemia patients, and in none of the healthy controls tested.
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PMID:Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with Hodgkin's disease and leukemia. 17 16


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