Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pretreatment characteristics of 48 infants (under 2 years of age) with leukemia treated over a period of 18 years at a single institution were studied in relation to response to therapy, extramedullary involvement, and survival. In order to provide a basis of comparison, 45 of the infants were each paired with an older (2-9 years of age) leukemic child, who had the same race, and disease type, who was treated within the same period of time and received similar suportive care and chemotherapy, and when possible, was of the same sex. The overall median survival times of infants and their pairmates were 211 days and 445 days, respectively. Initial status of the spleen was the single significant factor in relation to the length of survival. Median survival time for infants with splenomegaly was 186 days compared to a median survival time of 414 days for infants without splenomegaly. The complete response rate was 75% for infants and 80% for the pairmates. Median duration of remission was 84 days for infants and 280 days for their pairmates. Initial peripheral leucocyte count was significantly related to the duration of remission; patients with very high leucocyte counts had the shortest remissions. The duration of remission increased throughout the period covered by this study, however, prognosis relative to pairmates remained poor. Central nervous system leukemia occurred in 44% of infants and 40% of the pairmates; incidence of CNS leukemia was much higher (70%) in infants under one year of age than in infants one year old (37%). Extramedullary leukemia occurred at other sites in 46% of the infants and 31% of the pairmates. The only pretreatment characteristic of prognostic importance for predicting extramedullary involvement was the patient's age at diagnosis.
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PMID:Unfavorable prognosis of acute leukemia in infancy. 106 May 4

In children, leukemia is the most common malignancy, and approximately 75% of leukemias are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Central nervous system leukemia is found at diagnosis in fewer than 5% of children with ALL. Leukemic intracranial masses have been described with acute myeloid leukemia, but ALL presenting as a mass lesion is rare. We describe a unique case of an intracranial confirmed precursor B cell (pre-B) ALL mass in a 13-year-old girl that was diagnosed by brain CT, MRI and cerebral angiography, and confirmed by biopsy. This report details pertinent history and distinguishing imaging features of an intracranial ALL tumefaction.
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PMID:Tumefactive intracranial presentation of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1976 60

Central nervous system leukemia may present in different ways. However, intraparenchymal mass is extremely rare in childhood leukemia. Herein, we report a boy who presented with right hemiparesis and anisocoria 1 year after the cessation of the chemotherapy protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cranial imaging demonstrated an extensive mass located in the anterior white matter of left frontal lobe, and cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed concomitant lymphoblasts. Immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy material showed neoplastic cells with positive CD10 and TdT. Complete remission was achieved with chemotherapy alone for a duration of 2 years.
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PMID:Intracerebral metastasis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare presentation. 2356 11

Central nervous system leukemia (CNS-L) is a fatal complication with low remission, high relapse and high death rates in leukemia. Because the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) hinders drug from going into CNS, therefore it is urgent that to develop a new drug delivery system by which drug can highly and effectively go through BBB. Searching home and abroad literatures from December 2012 to February 2014 found a scheme which may effectively treat the CNSL, that is, ultrasonic microbubbles loading Ara-C, which changes the cell membrane permeability and increases the intercellular space by cavitation effect so as to make the Ara-C through the BBB for therapy. This review focuses on the present status of CNSL treatment and the progress of treating CNSL with ultrasonic microbubbles loading drug.
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PMID:[Research progress on drug-loaded microbubble targeting treatment of central nervous system leukemia]. 2498 14

Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) relapse is relatively common among Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The prognosis of patients is dismal for those with a BCR-ABL T315I mutation, which is resistant to TKIs including second-generation drugs. We assessed ponatinib for nine patients with recurrent Ph+ CNSL and a T315I mutation after allo-HSCT, including five patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and four with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Five patients experienced isolated CNSL relapse, and four experienced CNSL with hematologic relapse. All patients received ponatinib combined with intrathecal chemotherapy, and four patients with hematologic relapse received systemic chemotherapy and/or donor lymphocyte infusion. All patients achieved a deep molecular response and central nervous system remission (CNSR) at a median time of 1.5 (range: 0.7-3) months after ponatinib treatment. Two patients experienced a second CNSL relapse due to ponatinib reduction, but they achieved CNSR again after an increase to the standard dosage. Six patients developed graft versus host disease. By April 1, 2019, eight patients were alive, and one died of pneumonia. The median time of survival after the first CNSL relapse posttransplantation was 18 (range: 11.2-48.5) months. Our data from a small number of samples suggests that ponatinib is effective for recurrent Ph+ CNSL patients with a BCR-ABL T315I mutation after allo-HSCT and warrants broader clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Ponatinib therapy in recurrent Philadelphia chromosome-positive central nervous system leukemia with T315I mutation after Allo-HSCT. 3178 58

Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) is a severe complication of acute leukemia, with serious consequences for life quality and expectancy. The molecular mechanism of CNSL is unclear at present. Thus, determining appropriate prevention and therapeutic strategies for CNSL remain challenging. Currently, inferences regarding gene functions are based on the measurement of average gene expression in a bulk lysate. However, leukemia cells are a heterogeneous population in which the expression of critical genes may be masked by many unrelated genes. Single-cell sequencing may therefore be the best way to explore the development of CNSL in the bone marrow and peripheral blood at diagnosis and subsequent time points, in order to detect potential targets and prevent the development of CNSL. In this review, we first discuss the possible mechanism of CNSL, then describe the heterogeneity of leukemia cells. Finally, we focus on the role of single-cell technology in preventing and treating CNSL.
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PMID:Revealing the molecular mechanism of central nervous system leukemia with single-cell technology. 3265 Feb 14