Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

LAI (leukemia associated inhibitor) is a high mol. wt glycoprotein that reversibly reduces the proliferative rate of normal granulopoietic stem cells but not of clonogenic cells in leukemia. LAI was originally found to be produced and released by cells in acute and chronic leukemia and may play a role in the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in these diseases. We now report the physical and functional characteristics of LAI-producing cells in myeloid leukemia; they have a medium density with peaks in the range of 1.075-1.080 g/ml in continuous Percoll gradients, they are large cells with a sedimentation velocity of about 13-15 mm/h and they are non-phagocytic, non-adherent, non-T, non-B, Fc-receptor positive cells and about equally distributed among C'-receptor positive and negative cells. Normal bone marrow was shown to contain LAI-producing cells present in the non-phagocytic Fc-receptor positive compartment of cells within the density range 1.075-1.080 g/ml. Presented data suggest that LAI-producing cells comprise a subpopulation of cells that may be involved in the regulation of normal granulopoiesis as well as in the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in leukemia. These data also show that LAI-producing cells are different from the cells producing another inhibitor (LIA) recently identified as acidic isoferritins.
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PMID:Characterization of the cells in myeloid leukemia that produce leukemia associated inhibitor (LAI) and demonstration of LAI-producing cells in normal bone marrow. 661 59

Twenty individuals developed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following long-term chemotherapy for other disorders. The primary disorders included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (five), Hodgkin's disease (five), carcinoma (four), multiple myeloma (three), chronic leukemia (two), and rheumatoid arthritis. Leukemia developed from 11-132 months (mean approximately 60 months) following institution of chemotherapy and all cases have occurred since 1974. Pre-leukemic cytopenias were present in 15 individuals. Fifteen of the 20 patients had chromosome analyses and 14 were abnormal. The leukemia was invariably refractory to chemotherapy with a median survival of only two months. Of the patients autopsied, only one individual had any evidence of the primary malignancy. This study illustrates the need for surveillance for secondary ANLL following long-term chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy. Duration of optimal chemotherapy for the primary disease must be determined by control trials and weighed against the risk of developing a secondary leukemia.
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PMID:Induced acute non-lymphocytic leukemia following long-term chemotherapy: a study of 20 cases. 692 96

We have established optimal conditions for the measurement of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in human white cells using a whole-cell binding assay with [3H]dexamethasone as the ligand, and the subsequent determination of the GR content in normal human lymphocytes and in leukemic cells of patients with various forms of acute and chronic leukemia. A number of leukemia cell lines in continuous culture were also subjected to the GR assay, and the results were correlated with the sensitivity of these cell lines to glucocorticoid steroids in vitro. The GR content of normal human lymphocytes amounted to 4,850 +/- 1,340 (mean +/- SD) receptors/cell. The mean equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the interaction of [3H]dexamethasone with the GR was 1.2 x 10(-8) M. Steroidal compounds with a known glucocorticoid potency effectively competed for the binding, whereas steroids devoid of glucocorticoid activity (e.g. estradiol-17 beta and testosterone) were ineffective. The GR content of the blast cells obtained from eight patients suffering from acute leukemia and four patients with a blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia was found to be highly variable (3,230-29,900 receptors/cell), while the lymphocytes of six patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia contained a rather stable GR content (2,930-5,120 receptors/cell), which was comparable with that of normal lymphocytes. GR was identified in all the 12 malignant continuous white cell lines studied. Large cells contained more GR than the smaller ones. There was no apparent correlation between the GR concentration and the sensitivity of the cells in vitro to glucocorticoids as judged by [3H]thymidine incorporation studies. Distribution of the surface markers in the leukemic cell lines did not relate to the GR concentration. We conclude that the presence of GR is probably a universal feature of the leukemic cells, and, from a clinical standpoint, probably does not alone imply steroid responsiveness.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity of human leukemic cells. 693 48

Contrarily to what happens in acute leukemia, the incidence of osteolytic lesions in chronic leukemia is exceedingly low. Three patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who developed such lesions during the chronic phase of their disease form the basis of this report. Osteolytic lesions appearing during the chronic phase of CML are different from those appearing during acute leukemia or during the acute terminal phase of CML, and the differences between both types of osteolysis are briefly reviewed. In the present cases the appearance of osteolytic lesions during the chronic phase of CML preceded for a variable period the terminal acute blastic phase. Therefore this complication must be considered as a sign of poor prognosis as it relates to the subsequent course of the leukemia. Even though other authors advise local radiotherapy as the treatment of choice of osteolytic lesions, only cytostatic therapy was given to the present patients, with good results as it regards the lesions per se.
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PMID:[Osteolytic lesions in chronic myeloid leukemia. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. 694 4

Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides were isolated from the malignant cells of a patient with acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. Structural analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography and by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosphingolipids using glycosidases. We found that, in contrast to normal leukocytes and chronic leukemia cells which have only a single tetraosylceramide species, these acute myelomonoblastic leukemia cells have approximately equal amounts of both globo- and neolactotetraosylceramide. This is the first population of human leukocytes in which we found two families of neutral glycosphingolipids to be present. The ganglioside fraction was composed of appreciable quantities of both NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer (GM3, hematoside) and NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer (sialoparagloboside). These cells did not have the 'leukocyte-specific' N-acetylneuraminosyllactotriaosylceramide found in normal human lymphocytes and neutrophils. These results are discussed in relation to normal leukocyte differentiation and acute leukemia. The present study also illustrates the usefulness of combining enzymatic degradation with high-performance liquid chromatography for glycosphingolipid structural determination.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids from human leukocytes. A unique glycosphingolipid pattern in a case of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. 695 Jul 93

Chromosome identification techniques have shown the non-random nature of cytogenetic changes in leukemia. In addition, they have identified structural chromosome abnormalities occurring in specific types of acute leukemia as classified by the FAB criteria. Such cytogenetic sub groups are associated with differing prognoses. In acute lymphocytic leukemia, even the ploidy of the leukemic cells appears important in predicting prognosis. Identification of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome has diagnostic significance in chronic granulocytic leukemia. This makes possible the classification of patients into Ph1 + and Ph1 - varieties which have different responses to therapy. Similar variations are found between the 2 groups of patients who do or do not develop additional abnormalities with blastic transformation. The implication of these findings in both acute and chronic leukemia may influence choice of therapy in the future.
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PMID:3. The value of chromosome studies in the classification and management of the leukemias. 695 40

A retrospective chart review of 500 leukemia patients was carried out to analyze the role of oral pathoses in the presentation of leukemia and to determine those factors which affect the frequency of oral involvement during the initial clinical phases of the disease. The data indicate that oral pathoses were frequent signs or symptoms in patients with undiagnosed acute leukemia but were less prevalent in patients with undiagnosed chronic leukemia. Neither age nor sex appeared to be a significant factor affecting oral involvement. Oral signs of thrombocytopenia were the most prevalent complaint of patients seeking diagnosis for their leukemia because of an oral problem, and they were also most frequently responsible for oral problems found at initial physical examination. Head and neck lymphadenopathy was also a frequent presenting sign or symptom. Dentists were responsible for initiating the diagnosis of leukemia in a significant number of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
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PMID:Oral pathoses as diagnostic indicators in leukemia. 696 2

Over the past ten years several centers have studied bone marrow transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy and radiation in patients with resistant acute leukemia. These data indicate a 10-20% two-year disease-free survival; results superior to alternative approaches. Leukemic relapse and graft-versus-host disease have been major problems. Recently, marrow transplantation has been evaluated in patients with leukemia in remission. This has resulted in improved survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia but leukemic relapse remains a major problem. Acute myelogenous leukemia patients transplanted in remission have a low rate of leukemic relapse and two-year disease-free survival rates exceeding 50%. Recently, autologous bone marrow transplantation has also been considered in patients with acute leukemia. Results to date have been disappointing with a high relapse rate. Limited studies in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia have also been reported. Transplantation during the acute phase is usually unsuccessful and is complicated by incomplete engraftment and resistant leukemia. Transplants performed during the chronic phase have produced more encouraging results. In summary: there is an evolving role for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic leukemia. A final evaluation of the utility approach awaits results of controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation in leukemia. 703 88

A small proportion of patients with acute or chronic leukemia has an extraordinarily high blood leukocyte count. These high counts can result in a very high fractional volume of leukocytes (leukocrit), which is also a function of the mean leukocyte volume in different types of leukemia. Despite a high fractional volume of leukocytes, bulk viscosity of blood is usually not increased because a decrement in the fractional volume of erythrocytes accompanies the increase in leukocytes. Nevertheless, the excessive numbers of leukocytes present two major problems: first, they can seriously affect flow in the circulation of the lung, brain, and less often, other organs by obstructing microchannels or by forming aggregates and white thrombi in small veins. Moreover, leukemic blasts may compete for oxygen in the microcirculation and they may be invasive, damaging vessel walls. Second, their rapid destruction in response to cytotoxic drugs causes metabolic disturbances, especially uric acid accumulation, which can lead to obstructive uropathy.
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PMID:Hyperleukocytic leukemias: rheological, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. 704 44

Leukapheresis by continuous flow centrifugation was employed in the management of both acute and chronic leukemia. Cytareduction is an effective method of preventing leukostasis in acute leukemia and reducing leukocytosis in chronic leukemia. A report of 55 leukapheresis experiences with 32 patients is described. A case report of a 49-year-old female with a 13-year history of hairy cell leukemia who underwent intensive leukapheresis over seven months is given. Therapeutic cell depletions do not effect the eventual outcome of the disease but they do have a therapeutic role in the management of leukemia as a adjunct to other treatments.
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PMID:Leukapheresis in leukemia. 710 Feb 12


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