Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The records of 36 infants and children who underwent emergency open lung biopsy at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, between 1969 and 1976 were studied in order to assess the safety and value of performing this procedure in patients with failing respiratory function. Prior to their respiratory illness, 14 of these patients were receiving steroids, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy singly or in combination as treatment for various sytemic diseases of which leukemia was the most prominent. In all cases the biopsy was performed under general anesthesia and lasted about 1 hour. The biopsy was diagnostic in all but one of these children, permitting the institution of appropriate therapy. Six preventible postoperative complications required treatment but there were no deaths attributable to operation in this series. Emergency open lung biopsy is strongly recommended even in patients in severe respiratory failure when all routine investigations fail to yield a diagnosis.
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PMID:The value of emergency open lung biopsy in infants and children. 49 Feb 86

Inversion of chromosome 16 was found in a 73-year-old female with acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB:M2). Complete remission was achieved by combined chemotherapy (DNR, Ara-C, 6-MP, Prednisolone), but she relapsed 6 months later without CNS involvement and died of respiratory failure presumably due to cerebrovascular accident during remission reinduction chemotherapy. Biphenotypic surface markers (CD2+ and CD13+) were observed on relapse. Eosinophilia was not observed throughout. Our patient and the other reported case suggest that biphenotypism and the lack of eosinophilia and monocytosis in inv (16) leukemia may be correlated with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Inversion of chromosome 16 observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) with biphenotypic surface markers lacking monocytosis and eosinophilia]. 135 70

We present a 41 yr old male, who died of respiratory failure due to infiltration of Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum) into the pulmonary interstitial spaces with systemic dissemination. Busulphan-induced leucopenia in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukaemia had progressed before this infection developed. In leukaemic patients with profound leucopenia, interstitial pneumonitis due to T. beigelii should be considered as a possible cause of otherwise unexplained hypoxaemia.
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PMID:Trichosporon beigelii pneumonitis following busulphan-induced leucopenia. 161 61

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with leukopenia. On admission, leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was 1,600/microliters, containing 24.5% blasts of lymphoid appearance, which were negative for myeloperoxidase. A bone marrow aspiration showed hypoplasia with increased blasts (31.6%). The blasts were ultrastructurally positive for platelet peroxidase (PPO) and positive for platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. A diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was made. Chemotherapy with behenoyl-ara C (BH-AC) (150 mg/day) was transiently effective. However, after three months, numerous nodules without itching appeared over the entire body, particularly on the anterior chest. A biopsy of the skin lesion revealed a diffuse fibrosis with infiltrations of the blasts. Bone marrow aspirations were dry tap, and a bone marrow biopsy showed marked myelofibrosis. Then, severe headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness developed, and a lumbar puncture revealed infiltrations of blasts. Although methotrexate was intrathecally injected, he died due to the respiratory failure. As far as we know, a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with leukemia cutis and meningeal leukemia is quite rare. In addition, it is interesting that megakaryoblastic leukemia was accompanied with both the fibrosis of skin and the myelofibrosis.
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PMID:[Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with leukemia cutis, meningeal leukemia, and myelofibrosis]. 175 56

An autopsy case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) combined with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was reported. Although HAM and ATL are reported to be caused by an identical virus, a combination of these two conditions is extremely rare. This is the first report of an autopsy of the case. A 42-year-old female born in Kumamoto noticed gait disturbance at age 20. Dysesthesia in her lower limbs and bladder bowel disturbance (BBD) gradually appeared at age 29 and at age 39, respectively, and slowly progressed. Neurological examination revealed spastic paraparesis, sensory disturbance in her lower limbs in all modalities and BBD. Furthermore, titers of the anti HTLV-I antibody were increased both in serum and CSF. She was diagnosed as HAM at this stage. She responded to the oral administration of prednisolone. Ten months after the initiation of prednisolone therapy, a tumor shadow appeared in the right lung and characteristic ATL cells were found in the pleural effusion. She died with respiratory failure. ATL cells were not found either in the peripheral blood or CSF throughout the course of her illness. Autopsy revealed solid tumors in both lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, thyroid gland and para-aortic lymphnodes, composed of ATL cells with extensive necrosis. The spinal cord showed a marked loss of myelin and axons, and perivascular fibrosis in the lateral and anterior columns. These changes were most severe at the 6th and 7th thoracic segments. No ATL cell was found in the spinal cord. Concerning the sensory system, the posterior root, ganglion and posterior column were preserved, whereas the axonal degeneration was found in the biopsied specimen of the sural nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An autopsy case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)]. 224 29

Through the last 18 months, five of our patients with acute leukaemia have developed septicaemia caused by Streptococcus viridans, followed by acute respiratory failure. Two patients had to be placed in a respirator. In patients with acute leukaemia treated with cytostatic drugs, close clinical observation, including repeated blood gas analysis, is very important if they develop septicaemia caused by Streptococcus viridans. Early administration of high doses of corticosteroids seems to be important in order to prevent serious respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Streptococcus viridans and respiratory failure in acute leukemia]. 230 Sep 57

One hundred three relapsed leukemia patients were treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C); 3 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hours every 6 to 12 hours for a total of nine to 12 doses or 3 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hours for two doses 12 hours apart followed by a continuous infusion of 1.5 g/m2 over 24 hours daily for 3 to 4 days. Thirteen of them developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) without having any recognized reason for the development of pulmonary edema. This problem showed no correlation with age or prior chemotherapy. Four of the patients recovered, but in nine this complication was fatal. The authors have reviewed the clinical course of these 13 patients and the postmortem findings of the seven patients who had an autopsy performed. The pulmonary tissue from six patients showed massive edema and one had diffuse alveolar damage. Histologic examination revealed a highly proteinaceous intraalveolar infiltrate without any inflammatory reaction in all cases. Intestinal tissue from all patients revealed changes compatible with cytotoxic damage, and pleura and/or pericardium from six of the seven patients showed an extensive fibrinous exudate suggestive of capillary leakage. The time sequence of the clinical events and the histologic findings indicate that high-dose Ara-C treatment in leukemia may cause a capillary leakage syndrome with ARDS that may progress to fatal respiratory failure.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary failure complicating high-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in acute leukemia. 230 59

We present here a rare autopsy case of malignant germ cell tumor with leukemia-like infiltration of the anterior mediastinum in a 35-year-old male. Chest X-rays revealed an abnormal mediastinum, which was diagnosed as thymoma. During the course of treatment, huge abnormal cells 40-50 mu in size were found in the peripheral blood smear and disseminated bone metastasis of the malignant thymoma was suspected. The tumor was resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient died of respiratory failure. The autopsy disclosed a huge tumor measuring 24 X 13 X 10 cm in the anterior mediastinum. Histological findings of the tumor revealed cells which had spread to almost all organs, indicating leukemia-like infiltration. This pattern of metastasis has been reported in the cancer of non-hematologic origin under the term "carcinocythemia (CCA)". To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a leukemia-like infiltration in case of malignant germ cell tumor. Careful serial section revealed no primary foci in either testis.
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PMID:Malignant germ cell tumor of the anterior mediastinum with leukemia-like infiltration. 241 28

Twenty-five patients presented with primary mediastinal germ cell tumors at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1959 and 1984. All patients were treated by surgery and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Four patients are still alive, and 21 patients died of mediastinal germ cell tumor and its sequelae. Two patients were found to have testicular scars and were dropped from the study. Nongerm cell malignant transformation of a teratoma occurred in five of the remaining 17 patients (29%), resulting in three adenocarcinomas and two sarcomas. Another patient developed leukemia. Metastatic disease most commonly involved the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, bone, retroperitoneum, and heart. Respiratory failure was the cause of death in 12 patients. Of the possible mechanisms of germ cell transformation into malignant nongerm cell tumors discussed, this study suggests that chemotherapy alone is unlikely to induce stem cell differentiation. The presence of mature, differentiated teratoma within the primary lesion may be indicative of a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors. Histologic patterns of treatment failures at autopsy. 284 31

An autopsy case of smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is presented. 67 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, cough and increasing dyspnea on October 2, 1985. Laboratory findings revealed high LDH, azothermia and slightly leukocytosis with low percentage of flower cells. CRP was strongly positive. Gas disturbance was markedly. Anti-ATLA antibody using indirect immunofluorescence method was X40 positive. Subsets of peripheral lymphocytes showed OKT 4 dominant. (OKT 3; 67.5%, OKT4; 60.6%, OKT8; 8.8%). A chest X-ray film revealed cardiomegaly and fine granular shadows in bilateral lower pulmonary fields. Diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis was defined in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen. O2 therapy, steroid therapy added antibiotics were ineffective, respiratory failure and renal failure were progressive, she died by septic shock in 39th hospital days. In autopsy, no characteristic histological changes of ATL were found in lymph node, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney and lung. Sepsis was the cause was of death. Finally this case diagnosed smoldering ATL and pulmonary fibrosis due to bronchial ectasia with repeated pulmonary bacterial infections. The pulmonary complications of patients with ATL were discussed.
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PMID:[Smoldering adult T-cell leukemia complicating severe respiratory failure--an autopsy case report]. 288 12


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