Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Risk of cancer mortality from 1973 to 1985 in persons born in the Indian subcontinent who migrated to England and Wales was analysed by ethnicity, and compared with cancer mortality in the England and Wales native population, using data from England and Wales death certificates. There were substantial highly significant raised risks in Indian ethnic migrants for cancers of the mouth and pharynx, gall bladder, and liver in each sex, larynx and thyroid in males, and oesophagus in females. There were also substantial raised risks in these migrants of each sex for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma. For the mouth and pharynx, and liver in each sex, and gall bladder in females, there were also raised risks of lesser magnitude in British ethnic migrants. For colon and rectal cancer and cutaneous melanoma in each sex, ovarian cancer in women and bladder cancer in men, there were appreciable significantly reduced risks in the Indian ethnic migrants not shared by those of British ethnicity. Appreciable raised risks in British ethnic migrants not shared by those of Indian ethnicity occurred for nasopharyngeal cancer in males, soft tissue malignancy in both sexes and non-melanoma skin cancer in males. In migrants of both ethnicities there were appreciable significantly raised risks in each sex for leukaemia and decreased risks in each sex for gastric cancer, for lung cancer except in females of British ethnicity and in males for testicular cancer. The results suggest the need for public health measures to combat the high risks of oral and pharyngeal cancers and liver cancer in the Indian ethnic immigrant population of England and Wales, by prevention of betel quid chewing and hepatitis transmission respectively. The data also imply that early exposures or early acquired behaviours in India, or exposures during migration, may increase the risk of leukaemia and reduce the risks of gastric and testicular cancers in the migrants irrespective of their ethnicity. Aetiological studies would be worthwhile to investigate the reasons for the sizeable decreased risk of colon and rectal cancer and increased risk of gall bladder cancer in each sex and the increased risk of thyroid and laryngeal cancer in males and oesophageal cancer in females of Indian ethnicity but not of British ethnicity who have migrated from the Indian subcontinent.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in Indian and British ethnic immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales. 757 89

Recent investigations revealed that the 9p arm and 17q arm of human chromosomes harbour tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) with an important role in multistage carcinogenesis. At the 9p arm is located the p16 (MTS1) TSG and probably others with an effect on various human tumours such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, bladder cancer, gliomas, malignant mesotheliomas, melanomas and non-small cell lung carcinomas. In addition, the 17q arm harbours BRCA1 TSG which is responsible for approximately 80% of the familial breast/ovarian cancer cases. In order to investigate the implication of these performed a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis with 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers (three at the 17q arm surrounding the BRCA1 region and seven at the 9p arm). Fourteen of the 17 (82%) tumours exhibited deletions at 9p. The highest incidence of LOH (6/13, 46%) was found for the marker D9S157 at 9p22. One sample exhibited deletion of all the informative markers tested indicating deletion of the complete 9p arm. No homozygous deletions were found. LOH at the 17q arm near the BRCA1 locus was found in 6 (35%) among 17 specimens. The results of this study indicate that allelic deletions at 9p are frequent in the development of laryngeal tumours. The highest incidence of LOH was found for the marker D9S157 which is near, but distinct from the location of p16 (MTS1) tumour suppressor gene, indicating the presence of multiple tumour suppressor genes within this chromosomal region. In addition, BRCA1 TSG is implicated in the development of laryngeal tumours.
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PMID:Loss of heterozygosity at 9p and 17q in human laryngeal tumors. 758 72

Three flavonols, 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone [1], 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxyflavone [2], and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [3], were isolated from Polanisia dodecandra. Compound 1 showed remarkable cytotoxicity in vitro against panels of central nervous system cancer (SF-268, SF-539, SNB-75, U-251), non-small cell lung cancer (HOP-62, NCI-H266, NCI-H460, NCI-H522), small cell lung cancer (DMS-114), ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3), colon cancer (HCT-116), renal cancer (UO-31), a melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-5), and two leukemia cell lines (HL-60 [TB], SR), with GI50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range. This substance also inhibited rubulin polymerization (IC50 = 0.83 +/- 0.2 microM) and the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin with 59% inhibition when present in equimolar concentrations with colchicine. Compound 2 also showed cytotoxicity against medulloblastoma (TE-671) tumor cells with an ED50 value of 0.98 microgram/ml. Compound 1 appears to be the first example of a flavonol to exhibit potent inhibition of tubulin polymerization and, therefore, warrants further investigation as an antimitotic agent.
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PMID:Antitumor agents, 154. Cytotoxic and antimitotic flavonols from Polanisia dodecandra. 762 25

Organomercury(II) complexes of the type, p-MeOC6H4HgL1 (I), p-NO2C6H4HgL2 (II), p-MeOC6H4HgL3 (III) and p-MeC6H4HgL4 (IV) (HL1-6-mercaptopurine, HL2-6-thioguanine, HL3-5-fluorouracil, L4-phenyldithiocarbazate) have been screened against the following cell panels: leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer and renal cancer. The variation in anti-neoplastic activity has been correlated with the structural parameters of the complexes.
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PMID:Organomercury (II) complexes with anti-carcinogenic agents. II. Anti-neoplastic activity. 765 85

In the 35 years since the discovery of interferon, significant biological activity has been described for interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) in various cancers, particularly haematological malignancies such as hairy cell leukaemia and chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Except for localised therapy in bladder and ovarian cancer, activity against most solid tumours has been disappointing. Other notable exceptions include Kaposi's sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, tumours known to be susceptible to immunological attack. More recently, broad spectrum antiviral activity has been demonstrated for both recombinant and naturally occurring IFN alpha. Hepatitis C is responsive to IFN alpha in about 40% of patients, but long term remissions are rare. In contrast, long term suppression of hepatitis B is common following IFN alpha therapy. Both diseases respond in a dose proportional fashion, with daily doses of 5 million units (MU) significantly more effective than lower doses. The mechanism of action in viral diseases involves the expression of unique antiviral proteins such as endonuclease and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase which enhance the destruction of viral RNA. General cellular protein synthesis is also inhibited, including cytochrome P450 enzymes. This forms the basis for potential drug interactions, with IFN alpha slowing the clearance of highly metabolised drugs such as theophylline. As an antitumour agent, the mechanism of action of IFN alpha is unclear, particularly in haematological cancers. In melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, antitumour effects may be mediated by augmented immune responses including activation of natural killer lymphocytes and enhanced expression of cell surface antigens (e.g. MHC I and II). Conversely, antibody formation to recombinant IFN alpha may result in a loss of activity. This has been observed in both renal cell cancer and hepatitis B and C. The elimination half-life of IFN alpha is short, 4 to 5 hours, but biological activity extends for 2 to 3 days after administration, which facilitates daily or thrice weekly administration. Clearance of IFN alpha is mediated by catabolism in the renal tubules; no intact drug is excreted in the urine. It is probable that the antiviral indications of IFN alpha will expand as the agent is more clearly recognised as a primary endogenous defence against various viral conditions.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha in malignant and viral diseases. A review. 768 71

In the last 15 years, autologous cryopreserved bone marrow has been extensively used to reestablish hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapies in patients with leukemia, lymphomas or solid tumors. Recently, the use of stem cells obtained from peripheral blood has become an additional source of autologous stem cells for patients, with bone marrow diseases as well as for patients with mammary or ovarian cancer, after high dose chemotherapy. The use of this therapy has created the need of implementing laboratory procedures (ex vivo) to concentrate, purify, cryopreserve and evaluate the hematopoietic stem cell and eliminate tumoral cells. This article reviews these procedures, available in Chile at the present time, and comments on the impact of its use in autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantations in an estimated population of 300 patients per year.
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PMID:[Ex vivo procedures associated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 773 17

Recent development of chemotherapy enabled us to cure patients with malignancies including leukemia, malignant lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and so on. In order to obtain the definite effect, the quantities of chemotherapeutic agents should be increased and the major lethal side effect caused by bone marrow failure should be avoided. For this purpose, hematopoietic stem cells derived from either bone marrow or peripheral blood can be used for the rapid recovery of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. We prepared stem cells both from bone marrow and peripheral blood by anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody bound on magnetic beads column and administered into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse. Four and 20 weeks after transplantation, mononuclear cells bearing human hematopoietic antigens and human immunoglobulin G were appeared in the circulation, suggesting that stem cells from peripheral blood also possess long-standing capability of maturation as well as those from bone marrow. We next conducted clinical study of high dose chemotherapy combined with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for patients with poor risk choriocarcioma. By this treatment, 4 complete response (CR) and 4 partial response (PR) were obtained, whereas 2 progressive disease (PD), 1 no change (NC) and 5 PR were obtained by the previous conventional chemotherapies. The results obtained were promising and this treatment regimen may become a good modality for the complete treatment of chemotherapy curable tumors.
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PMID:[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 777 76

Investigation of cancer rates--including trends over time, geographic variations, and differences by race, gender, and age--may identify patterns suggesting environmental exposures of potential occupational origin. National mortality data spanning the 40-year period from 1950 to 1989 were used to assess the patterns of several cancers for which occupational components have been identified among men, including cancers of the lung and bladder, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and leukemia, and for cancers of particular concern to women, such as breast and ovarian cancer, but for which occupational factors have not been well characterized. Newly available preliminary data show substantial geographic variation in cancer mortality rates at the county level during the 1970s and 1980s. Future analyses of the patterns, correlations with industrial indicators, and analytic studies should be fruitful in identifying occupational and other risk factors for cancers among women.
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PMID:Recent cancer patterns among men and women in the United States: clues for occupational research. 780 62

A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) in terms of haemopoietic reconstitution after ablative chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. 55 patients with malignancies, observed in four Italian institutions from January 1987 to June 1991, were eligible for evaluation. This series included 19 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 11 multiple myeloma, nine ovarian cancer, seven Hodgkin's disease, seven non-lymphocytic leukaemia, one acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, one neuroblastoma. 522 PBSC collections were performed on 55 patients. Following ABSCT, the rate of engraftment was positively related to the dose of CFU-GM infused and negatively to the presence of bone marrow involvement at conditioning. 48 patients out of 55 transplanted (87%) had rapid, complete and sustained engraftment. Three patients (5%) died of transplant-related complications. Considering that 60% of the patients in this series were in partial remission or in progressive disease at the time of ABSCT, we conclude that ABSCT is a safe approach for the use of ablative conditioning therapy in patients with a wide scope of malignancies, provided that a large number of CFU-GM have been collected after mobilizing treatment.
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PMID:Haemopoietic reconstitution after autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with malignancies: a multicentre retrospective study. 791 99

We have monitored the serum concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs; ie, stem cell factor [SCF], leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) in 15 lymphoma/leukemia and 6 ovarian cancer patients undergoing autologous bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) stem cell transplantation (SCT). Thus, the analysis was performed during and after high-dose chemotherapy (from day -6 to day -1), at the time of SCT (day 0), and thereafter (through day +17). Despite the heterogeneity of these patients and their conditioning regimens, a consistent kinetic pattern was observed for all analyzed cytokines. Particularly, (1) SCF serum concentration did not significantly fluctuate. (2) High levels of LIF (approximately 250 to 450 pg/mL) before chemotherapy rapidly declined to markedly lower concentrations (approximately 10 ng/mL) starting from day -1 through day +17; (3) conversely, IL-3 level was low before treatment, sharply increased during chemotherapy, and rapidly returned to base-line level after SCT. Hypothetically, the sharp LIF decrease and IL-3 increase during chemotherapy may underlie the induction of stem cell cycling and differentiation caused by hematopoietic ablation. Furthermore, (4) IL-6 concentration was low before and immediately after chemotherapy, but increased starting from day +5, peaked at day +6 through 9 and then declined to baseline level from day +10 onward; (5) a strictly similar pattern was consistently observed for both G-CSF and IL-8 levels, in agreement with our previous studies. It is relevant that peak IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 concentrations were directly correlated to peak neutrophil numbers in the recovery phase, thus suggesting an important role for these cytokines in granulocyte rescue; in line with this interpretation, hematologic patients undergoing PBSCT (10 of 15) exhibited higher peaks of IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 and a more pronounced increase of neutrophil/platelet number than did hematologic cases undergoing BMSCT (5 of 15). Altogether, these studies indicate a coordinate pattern of cytokine release during hematopoietic ablation/recovery after chemotherapy and autologous SCT, the fluctuations of LIF and IL-3 levels during chemotherapy are seemingly related to stem cell recruitment, whereas the post-SCT increase of IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-8 may underlie the neutrophil recovery.
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PMID:Autologous stem cell transplantation: release of early and late acting growth factors relates with hematopoietic ablation and recovery. 794 8


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