Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data of 140 patients with polycythemia vera during the period 1955--1975 were analyzed with regard to clinical signs and prognosis. The average age was 53,4 years. The sex ratio was 1.9:1 in favor of men. The most frequent symptoms were headache and vertigo. In more than half of the cases hepatosplenomegaly and hypertension were found. Besides typical changes in the blood count with elevated erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes and thrombocytes, increased levels of alkaline leukocyte phosphatase and uric acid were found. As to therapy, after 32P-medication the survival was two years longer than after phlebotomy. In 9 patients osteomyelofibrosis developed, and in 7 cases chronic myeloic leukemia. The mean age of death was 61 years.
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PMID:[Polycythemia vera, clinical aspects and disease course]. 64 97

In the present paper a description of the notion of the myeloproliferative syndrome and a survey of the clinical pictures belonging to this is given. Here the author enters into the most important diseases, such as polycythaemia rubra vera, osteomyelofibrosis, osteomyelosclerosis and megakaryocytic leukaemia, concerning diagnostics and therapy. On the basis of literature a comphrensive discussion of the problem is give, whereby it is referred to the fact that a differential diagnosis as eact as possible is necessary for the performance of an aimed therapy.
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PMID:[Myeloproliferative syndrome]. 98 31

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 113 patients with the clinical diagnosis of a chronic myeloproliferative disorder: 70 were classified as chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 8 as polycythemia vera (PV), 10 as osteomyelofibrosis/sclerosis (OMS), and 15 as unclassified myeloproliferative disorder (UMPD). 2 patients, 1 with UMPD and 1 with subacute leukemia, were reclassified as CML after the cytogenetic study. In the group comprising PV, OMS, and UMPD, 28% (9/32) had a chromosomally abnormal clone. The chromosomes affected involved those reported to show nonrandom alterations in myeloproliferative disorders, namely the chromosomes, 1, 7, 8, and 9.4 patients exhibited a loss of the Y-chromosome.
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PMID:Cytogenetic studies in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. 640 96

Myeloid committed stem cells belong to a subpopulation of small nucleated cells, which are defined by their capacity to form colonies of mature myeloid cells in agar-medium. They are termed "Colony forming Unit, CFUC", and such cells are detectable in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Bone marrow cells from 15 control patients with regular myelopoiesis contained 86 +/- 46 CFUC/10(5) bone marrow cells and 23 +/- 14 CFUC/ml blood. In 10 patients with aplastic anemia, only 0-10, 5 CFUC/10(5) BM-cells were found and no CFUC were detectable in the peripheral blood. 17 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia showed a moderate elevation of bone marrow CFUC (X = 105), while the circulating CFUC were markedly elevated (105-42.000/ml). The circulating CFUC were closely correlated with the number of leukocytes (p less than 0,001). In 12 patients with primary osteomyelofibrosis, the number of circulating CFUC was also (raised (325-22.199/ml) and again, a correlation with the number of leukocytes was observed (p less than 0,05). As, on the other hand, there was no difference in the leukocyte count between the control group and patients with osteomyelosclerosis, the simultaneous assessment of circulating leukocytes and CFUC proves a diagnostic tool. Pancytopenia with a hypercellular bone marrow results from either neoplastic or metabolic alterations of haemopoiesis; in pancytopenia with neoplastic infiltration or transformation, the number of CFUC was lowered, whereas it was slightly elevated in pancytopenia due to metabolic alterations. In patients with acute leukaemia, only a minority of cells was capable of proliferation in vitro. The growth of leukaemic cells in culture, their prolonged survival along with the expression of functional properties may be clinically used for a more subtle classification of blast populations. The data on patients with acute leukaemia indicate, that basic mechanisms of normal blood cell regulation operate in leukaemic haemopoiesis as well.
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PMID:[The determination of myeloid-committed stem cells in systemic disorders of myelopoiesis: implications for physiopathology, diagnosis and prognosis]. 694 36

The monoclonal antibody Ki-S1 reacts with a cell proliferation-associated nuclear antigen which is expressed in the G1 through G2/M phases of the cell cycle and is resistant to formalin fixation. We have studied Ki-S1 and PCNA (PC10) immunostaining of erythroid precursors (proliferative activity) and megakaryocytes (endoreduplicative activity) in bone marrow trephine biopsies in a variety of reactive and neoplastic lesions using double immunohistochemistry to identify both cell lineages. A significant increase in Ki-S1 labelling compared with PCNA positivity was found in all conditions studied. In particular, specimens derived from secondary polycythaemia (SP), polycythaemia vera (P. vera), and primary osteomyelofibrosis (OMF), and from splenic tissue with myeloid metaplasia (MM), revealed a disproportionally high labelling index of erythropoiesis, which was not present in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), AIDS, and autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia (ITP). Enhancement of Ki-S1 (PCNA) staining in SP and P. vera is in keeping with the relevant increase in erythroid precursor proliferation, but in OMF and MM there is overexpression of both proliferation markers, possibly due to secondary folic acid deficiency, which is known to cause a block in the S-phase of the cell cycle. A significant correlation was observed between the sizes of megakaryocytes and their nuclei with Ki-S1 (and also PCNA) staining. Ki-S1 (and PCNA) labelling of predominantly smaller elements of this lineage supports a hypothesis that the phases of the cell cycle have different durations in the various steps of polyploidization, with a prolongation of G1/G2 at higher ploidy levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ki-S1 and PCNA expression in erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes--a comparative study on proliferative and endoreduplicative activity in reactive and neoplastic bone marrow lesions. 752 42

The immune reactivity of allogeneic lymphocytes plays a major role in the control of leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. In patients with recurrent leukemia after marrow transplantation, chimerism and tolerance provide ideal conditions for adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocytes. We studied the effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions on acute and chronic leukemia in relapse after bone marrow transplantation. One hundred thirty-five patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (N = 84), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (N = 23), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (N = 22), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (N = 5), and polycythemia vera with osteomyelofibrosis (PCV) (N = 1) were treated with transfusions of donor lymphocytes. Patients were monitored for response of leukemia, including in CML, the use of the polymerase chain reaction for bcr/abl mRNA transcripts and for the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and myelosuppression. Complete remissions were induced by donor lymphocyte transfusions in 54 patients with CML (73%) and in the patient with PCV; complete remissions were also induced in five patients (29%) with AML and a patient with MDS. In contrast, ALL did not respond to adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocyte transfusions. Remissions were durable in patients treated for CML in chronic phase (probability of remission: 87% at 3 years). Lymphocyte transfusions were also given to 18 patients with ALL, AML, MDS, and transformed phase CML who were in remission after chemotherapy. These remissions were not durable. Fifty-two patients (41%) developed GVHD of grade 2 or more, and 41 patients (34%) showed signs of myelosuppression. Seventeen patients died without leukemia, 14 patients with GVHD and/or myelosuppression. Donor lymphocyte transfusions exert strong effects against myeloid forms of leukemia and induce durable remissions in CML.
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PMID:Graft-versus-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients. 861 35

Overexpression of SGTP and/or MT may contribute to various carcinogenic processes and to resistance to anticancer treatment. The importance of these proteins, although clearly established in solid tumours, has not been fully understood in haematopoietic neoplasm. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MT and SGTP in the bone marrow of patients with MPD. Twenty paraffin-embedded bone marrow core biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed patients with MPD were evaluated -- osteomyelofibrosis (OMF), n = 9 and chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), n = 11. We demonstrate increased SGTP and MT expression in the bone marrow of MPD patients. In our study levels of MT in OMF patients were higher than in CML. This suggests that MT expression may correlate with bone marrow fibrosis. These data, although based on a relatively small number of patients, raise the possibility that SGTP and MT may play a role in the pathogenesis of MPD. The clinical significance of this phenomenon needs further investigation.
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PMID:Expression of metallothionein (MT) and gluthatione s-transferase pi (SGTP) in the bone marrow of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). 1503 19

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is used to prevent or treat haematological malignancies relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulated factor primed DLI (gDLI) is derived from frozen aliquots of the peripheral blood stem cell collection. We compared the efficacy and safety of gDLI and classical DLI after allo-SCT. We excluded haploidentical allo-SCT. Initial diseases were acute myeloblastic leukaemia (n = 45), myeloma (n = 38), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 20), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 10), myelodysplasia (n = 8), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 8), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (n = 7), chronic myeloid leukaemia (n = 2) and osteomyelofibrosis (n = 1). Indications for DLI were relapse (n = 96) or pre-emptive treatment (n = 43). Sixty-eight patients had classical DLI and 71 had gDLI. The response rate was 38.2%, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 38% (29-48) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 37% (29-47). Graft versus host disease rate was 46.7% and 10.1% of patients died from toxicity. There were no differences between classical DLI and gDLI in terms of response (p = 0.28), 5-year PFS (p = 0.90), 5-year OS (p. 0.50), GvHD (p = 0.86), treated GvHD (p = 0.81) and cause of mortality (p. 0.14). In conclusion, this study points out no major effectiveness or toxicity of gDLI compared to classical DLI.
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PMID:A Retrospective Comparison of DLI and gDLI for Post-Transplant Treatment. 3266 88