Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute leukemia were studied to determine if additional chromosomal changes were related to specific morphologic and clinical features. Twenty patients had chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC), three had Ph+ de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and five had de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chromosomal abnormalities in addition to a single Ph were noted in 90% of patients with CML-BC and included a second Ph (five patients), +8 or duplication of part of 8q (five patients), dicentric isochromosome 17 (two patients), and +19 (two patients). Octaploidy with 4 Ph was seen in one patient with megakaryoblastic transformation. One of two patients with a progranulocytic blast crisis had a t(15;17) abnormality. Hypodiploidy was noted in 4 of 20 patients with CML-BC. Each of the four patients had prominent extramedullary manifestations of blast crisis. All had received intensive chemotherapy prior to the detection of hypodiploidy, and the cytogenetic findings were similar to those often seen in patients with therapy-related leukemia. An inv(3)(q21q26) was noted in two patients (one CML-BC, one de novo Ph+ ANLL), one of whom had hypolobulated micromegakaryocytes. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities in de novo Ph+ ANLL (especially +19) were similar to those in CML-BC. In contrast, the additional karyotypic changes in de novo Ph+ ALL (eg, +4, -7, -20, markers) were those commonly seen in ALL without a Ph and were generally different from those seen in CML-BC.
...
PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia: morphologic and clinical correlations. 347 91

Of 597 cases of acute leukaemia in adults (greater than 16 years) seen at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, between May 1973 and January 1982, 412 were diagnosed as AML, 103 as ALL and 58 as Philadelphia chromosome positive blast crisis of CML (13 presenting as acute leukaemia and 45 having a prior chronic phase). The remaining 24 cases were considered to be acute undifferentiated leukaemia. Twenty-one of the latter were investigated using a panel of immunological markers at diagnosis and/or retrospectively using frozen cell suspensions. Eighteen out of 21 were shown to have a predominantly 'lymphoid' phenotype which comprised 12 cases of common ALL (two of whom were Ph1 positive), three cases of null-ALL, one case with a probable early thymic phenotype, and two cases with a monoclonal B lymphoblast phenotype. One 'common ALL' and one 'null-ALL' had a significant proportion of pre-B (cytoplasmic mu chain+) cells. One other case reacted with anti-myeloid sera. Leukaemic blasts from two patients were unreactive with all markers tested. No cases of glycophorin positive erythroleukaemia or anti-platelet (glycoprotein I) positive leukaemia were detected. These observations suggest that the overwhelming majority of acute leukaemias have an identifiable affiliation to the lymphoid or myeloid lineages and that patients diagnosed haematologically as 'AUL' might benefit by therapy appropriate for their leukaemic cell type.
...
PMID:ALL masquerading as AUL. 658 40

A 28-year-old man with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia developed extensive bone marrow and bone infarction which was associated with anaemia and thrombocytopenia. He survived 20 months from the first symptoms of bone marrow infarction; during this time he developed myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis followed by blastic transformation. Extensive bone marrow infarction is a possible pathogenetic mechanism when chronic granulocytic leukaemia is followed by myelofibrosis.
...
PMID:Extensive bone marrow infarction followed by myelofibrosis in patient with Ph' positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 693 Nov 8

In a 62 year-old male with chronic myelogenous leukaemia, an acute phase developed with appearance of large immature cells in the bone marrow. A significant proportion of these cells was found to have engulfed autologous immature and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, erythroblasts, red cells and platelets. These abnormal cells were Philadelphia chromosome positive, and considered to be derived from the leukaemic cell line. Electron microscopic examinations revealed, in the cytoplasm of engulfed cells, no lysosomes or phagosomes which are typically seen in phagocytic cells, nor any evidence of degenerative changes in either engulfing or engulfed cells. These findings suggest that this phenomenon be considered as emperipolesis rather than phagocytosis. The pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is uncertain.
...
PMID:Emperipolesis observed in immature cells in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. 694 88

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been used in the treatment of poor risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for over 20 years. Over this period results have improved and indications for treatment have become more clearly defined. Over 60% of adults and over 70% of children with poor risk ALL in first remission, and 30-40% of patients in second remissions can be expected to achieve long term leukaemia-free survival. Factors implicated in the cure of ALL by BMT are the myeloablative preparative regimen, a graft-versus-leukaemia effect, and post transplant chemotherapy. Improved results of chemotherapy have changed the perceived indications for BMT in ALL and have led to controversy over the best treatment approach. However there is good evidence to show that BMT offers a better chance of leukaemia free survival in certain very poor risk categories. These include Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL, remission induction failures, and children in second remission who relapse after adequate chemotherapy. Particular issues in the use of BMT in ALL are the prevention and management of extramedullary leukaemia, the treatment of relapse following BMT, and the prevention and monitoring of late effects. In the future the use of unrelated donors, and a continuing fall in transplant related morbidity and mortality will extend the use of BMT in poor risk ALL.
...
PMID:Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 780 8

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is performed as curative therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In most patients, BMT is performed at the time of remission which implies that the number of leukemic cells is less than 5% of all hematopoietic cells, namely, 0 to 10(10) leukemia cells in the body. Thus, some patients may well undergo BMT despite the fact that no leukemic cells are left in the body. In this respect, more accurate diagnosis of complete remission status would be to the patients' benefit. To detect minimal residual disease (MRD) not found by light-microscopy, further strategies are required after achieving hematological remission. Cytogenetic methods, Southern blot analysis and conventional immunological techniques can all provide accurate diagnosis, however, the sensitivity of these techniques for the detection of MRD is just as low as that of the light microscopy. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become available for the detection of low levels of chimeric bcr-abl transcripts in Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph1) ALL patients. With this assay, investigators have reported MRD in patients after chemotherapy or BMT. Most patients who achieve hematological remission after conventional chemotherapy still have bcr-abl transcript detectable by PCR, confirming the general concept that this particular leukemia needs BMT in order to cure the disease. Some patients who had MRD prior to BMT continued disease free survival > 1 year after BMT with a negative PCR result and in these patients, MRD seems to have been eradicated by the BMT procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Detection of minimal residual disease in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: rationale for bone marrow transplantation from the polymerase chain reaction point of view. 826 Aug 93

Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have contributed to the tremendous progression made in the field of diagnosis of leukemia. Discovery of T- or B-lymphocyte associated genes, tumor specific genes and genes involved in chromosomal translocation has made it possible to detect leukemia cells by Southern blotting, PCR, RT-PCR or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The recently developed FISH is a simple, rapid and accurate method and requires a very small amount of specimen (about 500-1000 cells). It is possible to obtain results within 48 hours of sampling. This lecture were focused on two topics; 1) The application of FISH method in the diagnosis of leukemia using three types of probes (whole chromosome painting probe, centromeric probes and oncogene specific probes) and their combinations. 2) Clarification of concepts made by molecular biology especially in Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemia, Ph-negative chronic myelocytic leukemia, endemic/sporadic type of Burkitt's lymphoma, biphenotypic leukemia and leukemia with specific translocations.
...
PMID:[Progress in diagnosis of leukemia]. 881 59

The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is poor. While umbilical cord blood transplantation has been used successfully for hematopoietic reconstitution, patients' size may be a limiting factor. We report an 11-year-old, 55-kg patient with Ph+ ALL, who received human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling donor cord blood transplantation (5.94 x 10(6) CD34+ cells) during the second ALL relapse. On days 25, 41, 75 and 103, successful engraftment was confirmed by cytogenetic studies. However, the leukemia relapsed on day 117 and the patient died on day 146 due to refractory ALL. In conclusion, based on the documented engraftment in our patient, we believe cord blood transplantation may be successfully employed in adolescent or possibly even adult patients.
...
PMID:Cord blood transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a pediatric patient. 908 Jul 60

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect an unusual BCR/ABL transcript in a patient who presented with thrombocythaemia and was Philadelphia chromosome positive but weakly reactive to conventional BCR/ABL fusion probes. Sequencing revealed the presence of a 12 bp insert between BCR exon2 (b2) and ABL exon2 (a2). In such cases the use of conventional BCR/ABL probes may lead to false negative results. This is the first report of this transcript. Clinically the patient has responded well to therapy.
Leukemia 1998 Feb
PMID:A novel BCR-ABL rearrangement in a Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia variant with thrombocythaemia. 951 86

This study was a phase II evaluation of the activity of carboplatin in patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive accelerated or blastic phase of CML. Carboplatin, 250 mg/m2/day as an intravenous continuous infusion was given for 5 days, for a total dose of 1250 mg/m2 per course. If necessary, a second induction course could be given, and patients achieving complete remission were to receive an additional consolidation cycle at the same dose. Thirty-six patients were eligible and evaluable. There were five complete and three partial remissions for an overall response rate of 22% (95% CI 10.1-39.1%). The complete remission rate was 13.9% (95% CI 4.7-29.9%). The median remission duration was 3 months (range 1.4-8.94 months) and the median survival on study for all patients was 3.5 months (95% CI, 2.4-11.4 months). The median survival of responders was 12.8 months (95% CI, 3.6-17.2 months). Three eligible patients survived 2.0, 2.5 and 3.5 years following carboplatin therapy. Carboplatin has activity in blast crisis of CML, but responses are brief. Response did allow one patient to proceed to bone marrow transplantation and two other patients to continue therapy for chronic phase disease before returning to blast crisis. Activity in combination regimens should be explored.
Leukemia 1998 Jul
PMID:Phase II study of carboplatin in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1992. 966 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>

---