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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause-specific mortality experience of 826 plant employees and 249 sales representatives employed by a large U.S. pharmaceutical firm was examined to determine if there were unusual patterns of fatal disease that might relate to factors in the work environment. Deaths that occurred between 1954 and 1976 among actively employed or retired workers were identified through company records and a proportionate mortality analysis was carried out using the total U.S. as a standard. PMRs were computed for male and for female workers and for several broad occupational categories. A significant difference between observed and expected mortality from suicide was present in both males and females and there was an indication that drug overdoses were over-represented. PMRs for several cancer sites were elevated, but excesses were not always confined to particular occupational categories. Excesses of respiratory cancer were present in male maintenance workers and in female production workers. Increased relative frequencies of melanoma among males and of leukemia among females were confined to the production worker category. Some of the findings may provide leads for further investigations of the pharmaceutical industry.
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PMID:Mortality among workers employed in the pharmaceutical industry: a preliminary investigation. 49 Feb 23

The objective of this study was to compare the concentration of committed granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in marrow and blood. For individuals without leukemia, a highly significant correlation was observed between the concentration of CFU-C obtained from the two sites. However, CFU-C in blood had a slower sedimentation velocity than that reported for marrow and were found not to be in the DNA synthetic phase of the cycle using the tritiated thymidine suicide tehcnique. In patients with acute leukemia, no correlation was observed between concentrations of CFU-C in marrow and peripheral blood, regardless of whether the patients were newly diagnosed, in remission, or in relapse. We concluded that studies of the peripheral blood do not yield the same information in respect to granulopoietic progenitor cells as do studies of the marrow.
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PMID:A comparison of granulopoiesis in culture from blood and marrow cells of nonleukemic individuals and patients with acute leukemia. 108 68

Membership lists of professional bodies were used to establish study populations of British pathologists (1955-73) and medical laboratory technicians (1963-73). The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for pathologists was 60 and for medical laboratory technicians 67. Twenty-seven of the 310 deaths were due to suicide. These numbers gave SMRs of 250 for pathologists and 243 for medical laboratory technicians. Suicide was the commonest cause of death in female technicians. Access to lethal chemicals at work is a possible factor explaining the high proportion of suicide by poisoning compared with the general population. Suicide rates for pathologists exceed those of all medical practitioners; similary medical laboratory have higher rates than all laboratory technicians. Excess deaths from lymphatic and haemopoietic neoplasms were noted in English male pathologists (observed 8, expected 3-3; P less than 0-01). This difference is not due to Hodgkin's disease or leukaemia and remains unexplained. No other neoplastic diseases were noted as causing excess mortality in either occupational group but a small, possibly spurious, excess number of deaths was noted for aortic aneurysm in male pathologists (observed 4, expected 1-8).
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PMID:Mortality study of pathologists and medical laboratory technicians. 119 55

Because the delivery of growth hormone (GH) was centralized from 1977 in France, it has been possible to conduct, during the second half of 1990, a nationwide survey of the health status of patients treated with GH from the year 1959. A questionnaire regarding the 5,546 patients recorded for the period 1959-1990 was sent to the prescribers or the patients. 5,418 more or less completely documented reports were obtained. The mean age of the patients at the onset of GH treatment was 11.0 +/- 4.1 years. 1,937 of them had at this time some important disease associated with GH deficiency. The mean duration of treatment was 3.99 +/- 3.05 years. 3,446 patients were still under follow-up. Very recent information (1990-1991) was given for 82.7% of patients, less recent data (1985-1989) for 13.4%. For 3.9%, no data beyond 1985 were obtained. 77 patients had died, 38 from neoplastic disease (mainly recurrence of a primary malignancy), 10 from accident, 3 by suicide, 7 with neurological disease [only 1 case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was reported at the time of the survey], the others from various causes. No abnormal frequency of posttreatment leukemia, lymphoma, malignancies, hip diseases, glucose intolerance or other disease focusing attention, was found in the survey. From the time when this survey was completed (December 1990) to that of this report (May 1992), other cases of CJD have been reported in France: 3 ascertained, 7 clinically resembling but not yet certain. These 10 patients were treated for complete GH deficiency, 6 of congenital or neonatal cause and 4 after neurosurgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiologic survey of patients treated with growth hormone in France in the period 1959-1990: preliminary results. 129 11

An update of a cohort study of 14,074 employees at the Richmond and El Segundo refineries of Chevron USA in California was conducted to further examine mortality patterns. The update added six years of follow up (1981-6) and 941 deaths. As in the previous study, mortality from all causes (standard mortality ratio (SMR) = 73) was significantly lower among men compared with the general United States population. Significant deficits were also found for all cancers combined (SMR = 81), several site specific cancers, and most non-malignant causes of death. Mortality from suicide was increased relative to the United States as a whole. Based on a comparison with California rates, however, men had fewer deaths from suicide than expected. Standard mortality ratios were raised for several other causes of death, but only leukaemia and lymphoreticulosarcoma exhibited a pattern suggestive of an occupational relation. The increase appeared to be confined to those hired before 1949, and in the case of lymphoreticulosarcoma, to Richmond workers.
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PMID:An updated cause specific mortality study of petroleum refinery workers. 155 18

The cause of death was revised in 109 cases of Ph'-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) who died in a 15-year period. The median survival of the series, which included eight patients with initial criteria of blastic crisis, was 33.7 months (ranging between 2 and 192). Eight patients (7.3%) died during the chronic phase of the disease, 7 (6.4%) in the accelerated phase, and 94 (86.3%) in the blastic crisis. The cause of death in the chronic phase was frequently unrelated to CML (a second malignancy, cirrhosis of the liver, suicide, in four cases as opposed to infection, haemorrhage of hyperuricaemic renal failure in four others), but this was not so in the deaths occurred in the accelerated phase or blastic crisis. Thus, most of the deaths appearing in the accelerated phase were due to infection or haemorrhage, whereas in the blastic crisis they were mainly due to infection (54 of the 94 cases), followed by haemorrhage and leucostasis. All in all, these three complications were responsible for 94% of the deaths occurring in that evolutive phase of CML.
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PMID:[Causes of death in chronic myeloid leukemia. Analysis of 109 patients]. 194 35

The retroviral vector N2, which is derived from the Moloney murine leukemia retrovirus, was used to transfer the bacterial NeoR gene (conferring resistance to the neomycin analogue G418) into hematopoietic progenitor cells from fetal, neonatal, and adult dogs and cats. Infection of canine and feline bone marrow cells with the N2 vector resulted in resistance of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) to G418. Approximately 2%-4% of fetal liver, fetal bone marrow, and adult bone marrow day-7 CFU-GM were resistant to 1.75 mg/ml G418, a dose toxic to cells not expressing the NeoR gene, after infection with the N2 retrovirus. In sharp contrast to the low rate of infectivity of both fetal and adult marrow samples, the mean +/- SD of G418-resistant CFU-GM was 11.7% +/- 14.1% and 14.0% +/- 18.1% for neonatal dog and cat marrow samples, respectively. The neomycin phosphotransferase enzyme activity was detected in G418-resistant CFU-GM, confirming that G418-resistant CFU-GM expressed the NeoR gene. The increased efficiency of retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into neonatal hematopoietic progenitor cells was not due to an increased fraction of actively dividing cells, as determined by tritiated thymidine suicide. Understanding the basis for increased gene transfer into neonatal hematopoietic progenitor cells may be helpful in designing effective retroviral vectors/gene transfer protocols for gene therapy.
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PMID:Increased efficiency of gene transfer with retroviral vectors in neonatal hematopoietic progenitor cells. 230 10

A strategy designed to stimulate myeloid leukemic blasts into active cell cycle may increase the effectiveness of S phase-specific agents such as cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). Since recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to stimulate the growth of myeloid leukemic cells in vitro, we have evaluated the ability of this growth factor to enhance leukemic clonogenic cell kill in the presence of ARA-C. In seven patients studied, GM-CSF increased the fraction of myeloid leukemic blasts in S phase as measured by propidium iodide DNA staining, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, or ARA-C suicide techniques. Six of these seven patients demonstrated clonogenic cell growth in agar in response to GM-CSF. In five of these six patients, the combination of GM-CSF and ARA-C treatment in vitro resulted in a significant increase in leukemic clonogenic cell kill when compared to treatment with ARA-C in the absence of GM-CSF. Similar results were observed with the combination of GM-CSF and hydroxyurea, another S phase specific agent, further suggesting that the observed enhancement of cytotoxicity was due to the ability of GM-CSF to increase the number of leukemic cells in S phase. These data provide a rationale for investigating the toxicity and efficacy of combined GM-CSF and ARA-C therapy in patients with high-risk myeloid leukemia.
Leukemia 1989 May
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the cytotoxic effects of cytosine arabinoside in acute myeloblastic leukemia and in the myeloid blast crisis phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. 265 94

Cats viremic with feline leukemia virus subgroup C (FeLV-C) develop pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) characterized by the loss of detectable late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) in marrow culture. Normal numbers of early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) remain, suggesting that the maturation of BFU-E to CFU-E is impaired in vivo. We have examined the cell cycle kinetics of BFU-E and their response to hematopoietic growth factor(s) to better characterize erythropoiesis as anemia develops. Within 3 weeks of FeLV-C infection, yet 6-42 weeks before anemia, the traction of BFU-E in DNA synthesis as determined by tritiated thymidine suicide increased to 43 +/- 4% (normal 23 +/- 2%) while there was no change in the cell cycle kinetics of CFU-GM. In additional studies, we evaluated the response of marrow to the hematopoietic growth factor(s) present in medium conditioned by FeLV-infected feline embryonic fibroblasts (FEA/FeLV CM). With cells from normal cats or cats viremic with FeLV-C but not anemic, a 4-fold increase in erythroid bursts was seen in cultures with 5% FEA/FeLV CM when compared to cultures without CM. However, just prior to the onset of anemia, when the numbers of detectable CFU-E decreased, BFU-E no longer responded to FEA/FeLV CM in vitro. BFU-E from anemic cats also required 10% cat or human serum for optimal in vitro growth. These altered kinetics and in vitro growth characteristics may relate to the in vivo block of BFU-E differentiation and PRCA. Finally, when marrow from cats with PRCA was placed in suspension culture for 2 to 4 days in the presence of cat serum and CM, the numbers of BFU-E increased 2- to 4-fold although no CFU-E were generated. By 4 to 7 days, CFU-E were detected, suggesting that conditions contributing to the block of erythroid maturation did not persist. The suspension culture technique provides an approach to study further the defect in erythroid differentiation characteristic of feline PRCA.
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PMID:Retrovirus-induced feline pure red cell aplasia: the kinetics of erythroid marrow failure. 282 Oct 17

Rat RNK-16 leukemia cells kill YAC-1, which are the cells lysed by rodent natural killer lymphocytes. We found chymotrypsin-like proteinase ('chymase') activity in the RNK-16 dense granules that also contain cytolytic activity. The chymase activity hydrolyzed the thiobenzyl peptide substrate Suc-Phe-Leu-Phe-SBzl and, in comparison to RNK-16 tryptase activity, was selectively inhibited by three different types of serine proteinase inhibitors. The selective inhibitors were the fungal aldehyde chymostatin, the chloromethylketone Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CH2Cl, and the mechanism-based or 'suicide' inhibitor 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(2-phenylethoxy)isocoumarin. These proteinase inhibitors also blocked RNK-16 granule-mediated cytolysis. Chymostatin, a reversible inhibitor, delayed granule-mediated cytolysis, whereas the irreversible chloromethylketone and isocoumarin proteinase inhibitors completely abrogated granule-mediated cytolysis. The two irreversible inhibitors displayed biphasic inhibition of the chymase activity, indicating that at least two chymases are present in the granules. By Northern blot analysis, we found that RNK-16 mRNA hybridized strongly with a cDNA probe of CCPI, a mouse cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine proteinase gene. These data imply that chymase activity in the cytotoxic granules is important for cytolytic function and is likely to belong to a new subfamily of serine proteinases.
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PMID:Localization, implications for function, and gene expression of chymotrypsin-like proteinases of cytotoxic RNK-16 lymphocytes. 326 87


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