Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and aqueous humor samples, collected from 14 clinically normal cats and 96 cats with clinical evidence of intraocular inflammation, were assayed with ELISA for Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), T gondii-specific IgG, T gondii-specific antigens, total IgG, and total IgM. Additionally, serum was assayed with ELISA for feline leukemia virus p27 antigen and antibodies against the feline immunodeficiency virus as well as with an immunofluorescent antibody assay for antibodies against feline coronaviruses. Calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (C-value) for the T gondii-specific antibodies detected in aqueous humor established the likelihood of local antibody production. Serologic evidence of present or prior infection by an infectious agent was found in 81.9% of the clinically affected cats from which serologic results were available (77/94 cats). Seropositive results for toxoplasmosis were found in 74.0% of the clinically affected cats. Anterior segment inflammation was found in 93.1% (81/87 cats from which information was available) of the clinically affected cats, most of which were older males. Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies were not detected in the aqueous humor of 6 seropositive, clinically normal cats. The C-values for aqueous T gondii antibodies were greater than 1 in 44.8% of the cats and greater than 8 in 24.0% of the cats. Response to treatment with clindamycin HCl was positive in 15/20 (75%) of the T gondii-seropositive, clinically affected cats treated with this drug. In 13/15 (86.7%) T gondii-seropositive, clinically affected cats having a C-value greater than 1, response to treatment with clindamycin HCl was positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies and antigens in the aqueous humor of cats. 142 23

Gallium scintigraphy was evaluated in 25 patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Anterior and posterior images were obtained at 72 h after administration of 3 mCi 67Ga-citrate using a gamma camera (Maxi-Camera 400 T, General Electric Co.) with a medium energy standard parallel hole collimator. Abnormally high accumulations were observed in 17 out of 25 cases (superficial lymph node, 8; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 7; paraaortic lymph node, 2; lung, 9; liver, 1; bone, 1). There were 10 malignant lesions detected by 67Ga scintigraphy in 9 out of 17 cases (superficial lymph node, 1; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 6; paraaortic lymph node, 1; liver, 1; bone, 1). White blood cell count and serum LDH levels were raised in patients with abnormally high accumulations of 67Ga. In conclusion, 67Ga scintigraphy seemed to be a useful examination to detect malignant lesions in patients with ATLL.
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PMID:Gallium scintigraphy in patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma. 316 53

Since computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) scanning at the Mayo Clinic (1974-1981), 25 cases of metastatic diabetes insipidus (DI) have been identified. Of 100 consecutive cases of DI of any cause, 14 were due to metastatic cancer. Diabetes insipidus was the initial presentation in 11 patients with systemic cancer. In the 11 patients, the most common sources metastatic to the posterior pituitary-hypothalamic region were lung (3) and the leukemia/lymphoma group (4). Although skull x-ray results were usually normal (9 of 11), CTT scanning results were abnormal in 5 of 11, including demonstration of pituitary stalk enlargement, suprasellar masses, or both. Metastases elsewhere in the nervous system were apparent in four patients. Anterior pituitary and visual system involvement occur in a minority group of patients.
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PMID:Systemic cancer presenting as diabetes insipidus. Clinical and radiographic features of 11 patients with a review of metastatic-induced diabetes insipidus. 664 May 7

The mixed-lineage leukaemia gene (MLL/HRX/ALL-1) is disrupted by chromosomal translocation in human acute leukaemias that often display mixed lymphoid-myeloid phenotypes and present in infancy. MLL possesses a highly conserved SET domain also found in Drosophila trithorax (trx) and Polycomb group (Pc-G) genes, which are known to regulate homeotic genes (HOM-C) in a positive or negative fashion, respectively. Mll was targeted in mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to assess its role in pattern development. Mll heterozygous (+/-) mice had retarded growth, displayed haematopoietic abnormalities, and demonstrated bidirectional homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton as well as sternal malformations. Mll deficiency (-/-) was embryonic lethal. Anterior boundaries of Hoxa-7 and Hoxc-9 expression were shifted posteriorly in Mll +/- embryos, but their expression was abolished in Mll -/- embryos. Thus Mll is required for proper segment identity in mammals, displays haplo-insufficiency, and positively regulates Hox gene expression.
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PMID:Altered Hox expression and segmental identity in Mll-mutant mice. 747 9

A six-year-old boy, a known case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) on remission since 1991 presented with leukocoria and poor vision of the left eye for two days' duration. Examination revealed endophthalmitis in the left eye with raised intraocular pressure. Anterior chamber paracentesis with vitreous biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of ocular involvement. Further investigation revealed that he also had bone marrow and central nervous system relapse. Clinical manifestation and treatment modalities of ocular involvement in leukaemia are discussed.
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PMID:Ocular involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 767 78

Newborn F344 rats were injected intraperitoneally with PVC441 virus, a neuropathogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus, and developed paraparesis of hind limbs 35-40 days after infection. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal anti-PVC441 antibody revealed that in the central nervous system endothelial cells but not neuronal or glial cells were infected with PVC441 virus. The major pathological changes were myelin vacuolation and oligodendrocyte degeneration in the white matter at the white-gray border zone. Anterior and lateral funiculi and intercalated myelin of anterior horns were dominantly affected in the spinal cord from the sacral to cervical level. The midbrain was also vacuolated. An ultrastructural study demonstrated that many viral particles were present outside the endothelial cells but only sparsely inside endothelial cells and pericytes. Endothelial cell membranes and tight junctions were also disrupted. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against major histo-compatibility complex class Ia, intercellular adhesion molecule-I, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, CD3 and OX42 revealed the presence of abundant microglia but not of lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear cells in the lesions. Axonal degeneration and astrogliosis were mild in degree. These pathological changes explain the observed spastic paraparesis in the rats, and represent a good model of spongiform diseases of the human central nervous system of retroviral origin, such as human T cell leukemia virus-associated myelopathy and AIDS.
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PMID:Central nervous system lesions in rats infected with Friend murine leukemia virus-related PVC441: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. 911 2

We encountered a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who developed leukemic hypopyon. Leukemia initially spread into the pharynx, gingiva, lymphnode, and bone marrow. He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy but developed blurred vision and hypopyon. Anterior chamber paracentesis disclosed leukemic infiltration of the anterior chamber. Infiltration of the central nervous system also occurred. He received systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and local chemotherapy. However, he did not achieve prolonged remission. These findings suggest that these chemotherapy treatments have an inadequate effect for AML with anterior chamber infiltration. This rare complication is associated with extramedullary infiltration of leukemia.
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PMID:Leukemic hypopyon in acute myelogenous leukemia. 1098 67

A bilateral leukemic hypopyon can be inaugural in the child's leukemia or reveal a relapse. A five years old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented after 30 months of treatment a bilateral hypopyon. Anterior chamber paracentesis with cytological survey revealed leukemic cells and confirmed the ocular relapse. The treatment included the association of topical corticosteroids, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This child died unfortunately 16 months later following a medullar relapse. We remind the different clinical aspects of leukemic invasion of the anterior segment and the therapeutic methods for this relapse.
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PMID:[Ocular relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. 1256 14

Diethylphthalate and dimethylphthalate are used as phthalate plasticizers, in an extensive array of products. The chronic dermal toxicity of diethylphthalate was evaluated in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice in 2-year studies. In a series of special studies, the tumor initiation or promotion potential of diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate was evaluated in male Swiss (CD-1(R)) mice by an initiation/promotion model of skin carcinogenesis. The genetic toxicity of diethylphthalate and dimethylphthalate in Salmonella typhimurium and cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells was also evaluated. 4-WEEK STUDY IN F344/N RATS: Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dermally administered diethylphthalate at volumes of 0, 37.5, 75, 150, or 300 &mgr;L (0, 46, 92, 184, or 369 &mgr;g) applied neat, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. All male and female rats survived to the end of the study. No evidence of dermatotoxicity was observed, with no adverse clinical signs observed and no effects on weight gain or feed consumption. Relative liver weights of 300 &mgr;L males and females and 150 &mgr;L females were greater than those of controls. Relative kidney weights of 150 and 300 &mgr;L males and 150 &mgr;L females were greater than those of controls. No other adverse effects were observed in this study. 4-WEEK STUDY IN B6C3F1 MICE: Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were dermally administered diethylphthalate at volumes of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 &mgr;L (0, 15, 31, 62, or 123 &mgr;) applied neat, five days per week for 4 weeks. One control female died before the end of the study; all other mice survived. No evidence of dermatotoxicity or other adverse clinical signs were observed, and no clear adverse effects on weight gain or feed consumption were seen. Absolute and relative liver weights of 25 and 100 &mgr;L females were greater than those of the controls. Based on these 4-week study results, doses of 0, 35, and 100 &mgr;L diethylphthalate were recommended for the 2-year mouse studies. A chronic study in male and female B6C3F1 mice at 0, 35, and 100 &mgr;L (applied neat, once per day, 5 days per week) was started and subsequently stopped after 32 weeks when significant body weight reductions were noted in treated animals (males and females, 100 &mgr;L groups: 19% lower; males, 35 &mgr;L group: 12% lower; females, 35 &mgr;L group: 10% lower than controls). Based on these body weight reductions, doses of 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 &mgr;L in 100 &mgr;L acetone were recommended for the restart of the 2-year mouse study. 2-YEAR STUDY IN F344/N RATS: Based upon the results of the 4-week study, doses of 0, 100, or 300 &mgr;L diethylphthalate (0, 123, or 369 &mgr;) were chosen for the 2-year rat study. Groups of 60 male and 60 female rats received the doses applied neat 5 days per week for 103 weeks and up to 10 animals per group were evaluated after 15 months. Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings: Survival of dosed rats during the first 15 months was similar to that of controls. However, 2-year survival was significantly reduced in all groups of male rats (survival probabilities, males: 0 &mgr;L, 8%; 100 &mgr;L, 12%; and 300 &mgr;L, 12%). The mean body weights of 300 &mgr;L males were slightly less than those of the controls throughout the study. No adverse clinical signs were observed, including no evidence of dermatotoxicity. Pathology Findings: No morphological evidence of dermal or systemic toxicity was observed in male or female rats. Skin neoplasms were not observed in female rats and were only rarely observed in male rats. A high incidence of anterior pituitary adenoma occurred in all groups of male and female rats. The incidence of anterior pituitary adenomas in the 0, 100, and 300 &mgr;L groups were: males, 39/44, 41/49, 41/49; females, 38/50, 33/49, 33/48. The incidence of this benign tumor in control males (84%) exceeded the historical control mean incidence [feed controls, (28.7%)] and range (12% to 60%). Anterior pituitary adenomas were considered a primary contributing factor in the increased mortality observed in all grtor in the increased mortality observed in all groups, regardless of treatment. A dose-related decreasing trend in the incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas was observed in female rats (21/50, 12/48, 7/50). The incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats in this study was lower than the historical incidence and may be attributable to the shortened life span of male rats. Similarly, the incidence of interstitial cell tumors of the testes was markedly decreased in all groups of males (4/50, 3/50, 8/50), relative to historical control rates (90.1%; range 74%-98%). The incidence of fatty liver degeneration was notably lower in dosed rats than in controls (males: 26/50, 8/50, 4/51; females: 23/50, 11/50, 3/50). 2-YEAR STUDY IN B6C3F1 MICE: Groups of 60 male and 60 female mice received doses of 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 μL diethylphthalate (0, 9, 18, or 37 μ) in 100 μL acetone 5 days per week for 103 weeks with a 1 week recovery period, and up to 10 animals per group were evaluated after 15 months. Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings: Two-year survival of dosed mice was similar to that of controls: 43/50, 41/48, 46/50, and 43/50 (males), and 41/50, 38/51, 37/49, and 36/49 (females). Mean body weights of dosed male and female mice were similar to those of the controls throughout the study. No adverse clinical signs were observed in mice, including no gross evidence of dermatotoxicity. Feed consumption by male and female mice was similar to or up to 13% greater than that by controls. Pathology Findings: No morphological evidence of dermal toxicity was observed in male or female mice. No skin neoplasms were observed in dosed male mice. In female mice receiving 30 μL, one squamous cell carcinoma and one basal cell carcinoma were seen at the site of application. An increased incidence of liver neoplasms was observed in dosed male and female mice. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in B6C3F1 mice in the 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 μL groups were: (males) 9/50, 14/50, 14/50, and 18/50; (females) 7/50, 16/51, 19/50, and 12/50. The incidence of adenoma or carcinoma (combined) was increased in 30 μL male mice and the incidences of adenoma and of adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were increased in 7.5 and 15 μL females. A positive dose-related trend in the incidence of adenoma or carcinoma (combined) was also observed in male mice. The incidence of basophilic hepatic foci was increased in 15 μL male mice (0/50, 1/50, 9/50, 3/50). The increased incidence of liver neoplasms in this study was considered equivocal because the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in control and dosed males was within the historical range and because there was no clear dose-response relationship in females. No other treatment-related findings were observed in this study. 1-YEAR INITIATION/PROMOTION STUDY IN MALE SWISS (CD-1®) MICE: Groups of 50 male mice were dosed dermally with diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate to study their effect as initiators and promoters. Diethylphthalate and dimethylphthalate were tested as initiators with and without the known skin tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Diethyl phthalate and dimethylphthalate were tested as promoters with and without the known skin tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenzanthrancene (DMBA). Comparative control groups used during the study of diethylphthalate and dimethylphthalate included: vehicle control (acetone/acetone); initiation/promotion control (DMBA/TPA); initiator control (DMBA/acetone); and promoter control (acetone/TPA). Based on the incidence of skin neoplasms diagnosed histologically and the multiplicity of skin neoplasms, there was no suggestion that either diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate was able to initiate skin carcinogenesis when chronically promoted by TPA. Further, there was no evidence that either diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate was able to promote skin carcinogenesis in skin previously initiated with DMBA. High incidences of both squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas occurred among the initiation/promotion control animals initiated with DMBA and promoted with TPA. All TPA-dosed groups had significantly greater incidences of dermal acanthosis, ulceration, exudation, and hyperkeratosis than controls. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY: Neither diethylphthalate (10-10,000 μ/plate) nor dimethylphthalate (33-6,666 μ/plate) induced gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537, with or without rat and hamster liver S9. In cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, both diethylphthalate and dimethylphthalate induced sister chromatid exchanges in the presence of S9. Neither induced sister chromatid exchanges in the absence of S9. Neither chemical induced chromosomal aberrations, with or without S9, in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year dermal studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of diethylphthalate in male or female F344/N rats receiving 100 or 300 μL. The sensitivity of the male rat study was reduced due to low survival in all groups. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of diethylphthalate in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms, primarily adenomas. In an initiation/promotion model of skin carcinogenesis, there was no evidence of initiating activity of diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate in male Swiss (CD-1®) mice. Further, there was no evidence of promotion activity of diethylphthalate or dimethylphthalate in male Swiss (CD-1®) mice. The promoting activity of TPA following DMBA initiation was confirmed in these studies. Minor dermal acanthosis was observed following dermal application of diethylphthalate in male and female F344/N rats dosed for 2 years and in male Swiss (CD-1®) mice dosed for 1 year. Synonyms: Diethylphthalate (CAS No. 84-66-2): 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; DEP; diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate; diethyl o-phthalate; diethyl phthalate; ethyl phthalate; o-benzenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester; phthalic acid, diethyl ester; RCRA U088 Dimethylphthalate (CAS No. 131-11-3): 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester; dimethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate; dimethyl benzene-o-dicarboxylate; dimethyl benzeneorthodicarboxylate; dimethyl o-phthalate; dimethyl phthalate; DMP; FIFRA 028002; methyl phthalate; go-dimethyl phthalate; phthalic acid, dimethyl ester; phthalic acid methyl ester; RCRA U102
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Diethylphthalate (CAS No. 84-66-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Studies) with Dermal Initiation/ Promotion Study of Diethylphthalate and Dimethylphthalate (CAS No. 131-11-3) in Male Swiss (CD-1(R)) Mice. 1261 2

Ocular manifestations form a part of the spectrum of varied clinical presentations in leukemias. Most of the ophthalmic manifestations are related to central nervous system leukemia and bone marrow relapse. We report a case of acute unilateral hypopyon uveitis as an initial presenting feature of relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a pediatric patient. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed in a four-year-old male child presenting with unilateral treatment-resistant hypopyon after remission of ALL. Examination of aqueous humor aspirate revealed presence of malignant cells. Atypical hypopyon, even unilateral can be an indication of relapsing ALL in a child.
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PMID:Unilateral hypopyon in a child as a first and sole presentation in relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1745 44


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