Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(-)-(R)-2-Aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato++ +)platinum(II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) were compared for their antitumor effects and nephrotoxicity-inducing activities at the same dosage (1/8, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 or 3/4 of the LD10 or LD10) on the basis of their intravenous lethal doses in mice. DWA2114R was effective against murine tumor lines, Colon 26 and Colon 38 carcinomas, M5076 ovarian sarcoma and P388 L1210 leukemias, implanted subcutaneously (s.c.). Triple injection every other day of DWA2114R was more effective than a single injection at each sublethal dose. The antitumor effects of DWA2114R against these tumors were more effective than or were similar to those of CBDCA and CDDP. The antitumor effect against CDDP-resistant L1210 leukemia implanted s.c. was only observed in the treatment of DWA2114R, but not in CBDCA and CDDP. No excellent antitumor effects of three platinum complexes were observed against Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma implanted s.c. even at triple injection every other day, and no effect was obtained against Meth-A fibrosarcoma under similar conditions. While the treatment of CDDP showed marked increases in levels of blood urea nitrogen and of urinary protein and sugar at effective doses in the antitumor evaluations, the treatment of DWA2114R as well as CBDCA showed no increase in these parameters. These results indicate that DWA2114R represents a desirable second generation antitumor platinum complex.
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PMID:Antitumor effects of three platinum complexes, (-)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum (II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine-(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), in mice. 156 81

N-myc expression has been reported in neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Increased expression associated with gene amplification in neuroblastoma correlates with disease stage and prognosis. N-myc expression has been observed in diverse murine tissues during early stages of development with loss of expression in later stages. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed pre-B cells express N-myc, whereas mature B cells do not. To determine whether human B-lymphocyte precursors also have increased N-myc expression, we extracted DNA and RNA from representative cell lines, prepared Southern and Northern blots and examined them with the N-myc probe, pNB-1. RNA from the following B-cell developmental stages were examined. One null, 1 pre-pre-B, 3 pre-B (including pre-B-lymphoblastic leukemia, a poor prognostic category) and 5 mature B. Neuroblastoma cells and tissues served as positive controls; negative controls included human muscle, placenta, epithelial cell lines, monocytic, promyelocytic, and T-cell lines. N-myc expression was detected in neuroblastoma cells, but in none of the mature human B or B-lymphocyte precursor cells. Additional immunocytochemical studies performed for N-myc nuclear protein likewise failed to detect this gene product. We conclude that human pre-B cells, unlike murine B-cell precursors, do not express increased levels of N-myc RNA. Expression of this oncogene in human neoplastic B cells does not appear to correlate with developmental stage or prognostic group.
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PMID:Human B-lymphocyte precursors do not express the N-myc gene. 157 Oct 96

BMY-25551, 7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)mitosane, was selected from a series of mitomycin A (MMA) analogues for more detailed study. As with other members of this class, it was shown to be 8 to 20 times more potent than mitomycin C (MMC) in cytotoxicity to murine and human tumor cell lines in vitro, in causing DNA cross links in vitro, and in dose levels for tumor inhibition in vivo. BMY-25551 appeared to be more effective in tumor inhibition than MMC against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma in mice and comparable to MMC against L1210 leukemia and Madison 109 lung carcinoma. BMY-25551 was also comparable to MMC in hematologic depression in mice. Factors affecting its possible utility in humans are discussed.
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PMID:Experimental tumor inhibitory and toxic properties of the mitomycin A analogue 7-(2-hydroxyethoxy) mitosane (BMY-25551). 162 54

A dual-exposure drug treatment of cell lines in tissue culture provides a possible method for determining schedule dependency. This is suggested by results of treatment of human small cell lung carcinoma NIH H209 and murine L1210 leukemia cell lines with cisplatin, a non-schedule-dependent drug, and etoposide, a schedule-dependent drug. Nonlinear least squares was used to estimate the dose-response surface. The estimated regression coefficients for the effect of the first dose compared to that of the second dose support the premise that cisplatin is not schedule dependent. Unlike cisplatin, the second dose of etoposide was shown to be more effective than the first dose in the human small cell carcinoma line. This agrees with known clinical results where multiple etoposide dosing has been shown to be more effective and confirms schedule dependency. This methodology, or a refinement, may offer another tool for studying schedule dependency of drugs using tissue culture methods.
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PMID:A method for determining schedule dependency in tissue culture. 166 59

FCE 24157 (chemically (beta-[1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-4--[1-methyl-4-(4-N,N- bis(2-chloroethyl) amino-benzene-1-carboxy-amido) pyrrole-2-carboxiamido]pyrrole-2-carboxyamido)pyrrole-2-c arboxyamido]) propionamidine, hydrochloride) is a distamycin A (Dista A) derivative bearing a benzoyl mustard moiety instead of the formyl group at the N-terminal. Contrary to Dista A, FCE 24517 has been found to display potent cytotoxic activity on human and murine tumour cell lines. The compound maintains activity on melphalan (L-PAM)-resistant cells, whereas cross-resistance is observed on doxorubicin-(DX)-resistant cells. In vivo, FCE 24517 was found to possess evident antineoplastic activity on a series of murine transplanted solid tumours and human tumour xenografts. The following neoplasms were in fact found to be sensitive to FCE 24517 treatment: M14 human melanoma xenograft, N592 human small cell lung carcinoma, MTV murine mammary carcinoma, Colon 38 murine carcinoma, PO2 murine pancreatic carcinoma and M5076 murine reticulosarcoma. Lower effectiveness was observed against the murine P388 and Gross leukaemia, Lewis lung murine carcinoma, LoVo human colon carcinoma xenografts and A459 human lung adenocarcinoma. Against the murine L1210 leukaemia, FCE 24517 displayed a clear activity only when the tumour was transplanted i.p. and treatment was given i.p., whereas only marginal activity was seen against this leukaemia if transplanted i.v. and the drug was given i.v. As true also in vitro, FCE 24517 was effective against i.p. implanted L1210 leukaemia resistant to L-PAM. The mode(s) of action of this new compound is under active investigation.
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PMID:Biological profile of FCE 24517, a novel benzoyl mustard analogue of distamycin A. 176 67

Murine leukemia L1210 cells contain active glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase inhibited by N3-4-methoxyfumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP). However, FMDP-peptides do not exhibit any cytotoxicity against these cells, HeLa S3 human cervical carcinoma cells, and LL2 murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells. It is suggested that the lack of cytotoxicity of FMDP-peptides, in spite of good drug uptake and the presence of target enzyme might be due to the poor rate of peptides cleavage by the intracellular peptidases.
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PMID:The influence of L-norvalyl-N3-4-methoxyfumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid, an antifungal agent, on mammalian cells in tissue culture. 181 30

The 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) conjugates 1-O-alkyl (ether) and 1-S-alkyl (thioether) phospholipids, being analogues of ara-CDP-sn-1,2-O-dipalmitoylglycerol (1), showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 and P388 leukemia in vivo. The more active conjugates include the 1-O-alkyl analogues, ara-CDP-rac-1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-palmitoylglycerol (2) and ara-CDP-rac-1-O-octa-decyl-2-O-palmitoylglycerol (3), and the corresponding 1-S-alkyl analogues, ara-CDP-rac-1-S-hexadecyl-2-O-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (4) and ara-CDP-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-O-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (5, Cytoros). The conjugates were formulated by sonication, in which the conjugates existed as discs (size 0.01-0.04 microns). Among the conjugates of the three different phospholipids, the 1-S-alkyl analogues 4 and 5 displayed the strongest antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia in mice, followed by the 1-O-alkyl (2 and 3) and the 1-O-acyl (1) analogues. The 1-S-alkyl analogue 5 was considerably more effective than the 1-O-acyl analogue 1 against myelomonocytic WEHI-3B leukemia in mice. Conjugate 5 (Cytoros) showed a significant therapeutic activity in mice with colon 26 carcinoma, M5076 sarcoma, and C-1300 neuroblastoma. Furthermore, this agent inhibited liver metastases of M5076 sarcoma. Conjugates 3 and 5 also inhibited the metastasis of 3-Lewis lung carcinoma to the lungs of mice. Cytoros (5) and its analogues, with other ether and thioether phospholipids, appear to offer increased therapeutic benefit to mice with tumors.
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PMID:1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugates of ether and thioether phospholipids. A new class of ara-C prodrug with improved antitumor activity. 181 47

Nicotinamide methyltransferase (Nmd CH3transferase) activity increased in the liver of mice after i.p. transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor (ascitic form), but not in the liver of mice with acute inflammation induced by the i.p. administration of D-galactosamine, and it rather showed a decrease together with necrosis after carbon tetrachloride administration. When Nmd CH3transferase activity of rat hepatocytes in primary culture was investigated with the addition of dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and N1-methylnicotinamide (1-CH3Nmd), changes in activity were not correlated with DNA synthesis, suggesting that the increase of this enzyme activity in the tumor host liver was not directly related to liver cell proliferation. Thus, in order to make use of the increase of this enzyme activity as a tumor burden marker, a procedure for its estimation by measuring the blood level of 1-CH3Nmd, a metabolite of Nmd produced by Nmd CH3transferase, was established. The 1-CH3Nmd level in the blood of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor 4 h after s.c. loading of Nmd (500 mg/kg body weight) was closely correlated with this enzyme activity in the liver (r = 0.835, P less than 0.00001) from the early to the terminal stage of tumor development. Furthermore, similar correlations were seen in the animal groups bearing various other tumors, such as s.c. implanted Ehrlich ascites tumor (solid form) and i.p. implanted sarcoma S-180, hepatoma MH-134, Yoshida ascites sarcoma and leukemia L-1210, but not solid tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B-16, although almost all of the animals bearing these tumors showed a higher enzyme activity than their control normal animals.
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PMID:N1-methylnicotinamide level in the blood after nicotinamide loading as further evidence for malignant tumor burden. 183 57

Adozelesin (U-73975) is a potent synthetic cyclopropylpyrroloindole (CPI) analog of the cytotoxic DNA-binding antibiotic, CC-1065. In contrast to the natural product, adozelesin and related CPI analogs do not cause delayed death in non-tumored mice. Adozelesin, selected from a series of analogs for its superior in vivo antitumor activity and ease of formulation, is highly active when administered i.v. against i.p. - or s.c.- implanted murine tumors, including L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, M5076 sarcoma, and colon 38 carcinoma, and produces long-term survivors in mice bearing i.v.-inoculated L1210 and Lewis lung carcinoma. Modest activity is shown against the highly drug-resistant pancreas 02 carcinoma. Adozelesin is also highly effective against human tumor xenografts s.c.-implanted in athymic (nude) mice, including colon CX-1 adenocarcinoma, lung LX-1 tumor, clear cell Caki-1 carcinoma, and ovarian 2780 carcinoma. Its broad spectrum of in vivo activity compares favorably with three widely used antitumor drugs, i.e. cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. Adozelesin appears to be more effective than these drugs in the treatment of very resistant tumors such as s.c.-implanted mouse B16 melanoma, pancreatic 02 carcinoma, and human colon CX-1 and human lung LX-1 tumor xenografts. Based on its high potency and high efficacy against a broad spectrum of experimental tumors, adozelesin was chosen for clinical investigation and development.
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PMID:Adozelesin, a selected lead among cyclopropylpyrroloindole analogs of the DNA-binding antibiotic, CC-1065. 187 98

We studied bioavailability, treatment schedule dependence, and therapeutic efficacy of orally administered MST-16, a novel derivative of bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine), against murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. The rate of its intestinal absorption was about 50%, and it was immediately metabolized to its parent compound, ICRF-154. Therapeutic efficacy of MST-16 was heavily dependent on the treatment schedule: 9 daily oral administrations and treatment every 4 h on day 1 only were much more effective against s.c.-implanted L1210 leukemia than a single dose or five daily administrations giving the same total dose. Orally administered MST-16 showed potent life-prolonging effects (196%, 219% and 148%) in mice inoculated i.p. with P388, L1210 leukemia, and C-26 colon adenocarcinoma, respectively, but had no effect on B16 melanoma inoculated in the same way. MST-16 inhibited more than 80% growth of Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, and C-38 colon adenocarcinoma implanted s.c., but had only a minor effect on M5076 fibrosarcoma. Lung metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma was also effectively suppressed. Furthermore, MST-16 significantly inhibited growth of human colon, lung and breast cancers implanted s.c. in nude mice. We also made a kinetic analysis of the in vitro cell-killing effect by ICRF-154, the active form of MST-16 in vivo. It demonstrated a cell cycle phase-specific and time-dependent action, providing a reasonable explanation for the schedule-dependent therapeutic effect of MST-16.
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PMID:Antitumor activities and schedule dependence of orally administered MST-16, a novel derivative of bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine). 187 40


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