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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent studies in this laboratory have been directed at investigating the cellular and subcellular metabolism of RNA in leukemic cells which have been characterized with respect to their degree and type of sensitivity/resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents. In the present report, electrophoretic patterns on several types of SDS-polyacrylamide gels are presented using total cellular RNA preparations from a subline of L1210 mouse leukemia found to be resistant to cytosine arabinoside (L1210/Ara-C). These studies have been facilitated by using a computerized-spectrophotometric system for quantitative and qualitative comparisons of these profiles. The results suggest that patterns of RNA metabolism may be a useful biochemical test in leukemia.
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PMID:Biochemical profiles of cancer cells: I. Computerized analysis of mouse leukemic cellular RNA on polyacrylamide gels. 112 77

Administration of N-butylnitrosourea (BNU) induces leukemia in thymectomized C57BL/6J and C3Hf/Bi mice with almost the same high frequency as in non-thymectomized mice. Thymectomized and BNU-treated (C3Hf/Bi times CBA/H-T6T6)F1 mice receiving neonatal thymus tissues from C3Hf donors developed leukemias with or without marked enlargement of the grafts. The origin of leukemic cells was analysed by T6 marker chromosome and thymus allo-antigen theta in this hybrid system. Cells from leukemia with enlarged thymus grafts possessed the sigma-antigen detected by cytotoxicity tests. Cells from leukemia without thymus involvement had no sigma antigen. The leukemic cells arising at the site of thymus grafts were derived from the graft itself (C3Hf) or from the host (C3Hf times CBA/H-T6T6)F1 cells, most probably bone marrow cells which are repopulating into the graft. When the mice were treated with BNU after the lymphoid elements in the grafted thymus had been replaced by host cells, leukemia mainly composed of host-origin cells developed. Leukemia in which neoplastic cells in the thymus grafts were of donor origin and those in other hematopoietic tissues were of host origin was found not infrequently. The present results mean that the target cells in BNU leukemogenesis are distributed within and outside the thymus and that some leukemias are of multifocal tissue origin.
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PMID:Origin of leukemic cells in mouse leukemia induced by N-butylnitrosourea. 115 1

A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma localized to the head and neck revealed a survival rate of 51.7%. This contrasts with a survival rate of 9% computed from the literature for children with local and regional non-Hodgkin lymphoma in various parts of the body. Major factors influencing survival appeared to be: (1) stage of lymphoma (12 of 17 Stage I survived); (2) histology (7 of 7 patients whose lesions were classified as nodular survived as compared to 5 of 17 with lesions classified as diffuse); and (3) anatomic location. Leukemia developed in seven patients with lesions of the diffuse histologic type. Recent experience suggests that aggressive, integrated treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, ano chemotherapy may favorably alter the course of the disease in patients with unfavorable histologic lesions.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck in childhood. 118 96

Of four lactones studied in the systems Sa-180, EAC and L-1210, two compounds: alatolide, (ALA) and eupatoriopicrin (EUPP), according to the criteria of CCNSC, showed high cytostatic activity, and ursiniolide A (URSA) "moderate" cytostatic activity against at least one type of transplantable tumor. Two compounds were selected for further confirmatory investigation: EUPP, which gave 92% inhibition of EAC and 60% increase in survival of animals bearing Leukemia L-1210; and ALA, which gave 96% inhibition of growth of EAC.
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PMID:Sesquiterpene lactones XVII. Cytostatic and pharmacological activity. 122 Jun 38

The proliferative activity of bone marrow from Rauscher Leukemia Virus infected mice was studied during the course of the disease. Spleen colony assay and thin-layer agar technique, both presumably reflecting the number of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, showed a 2.6 times increase in colony forming units (CFU-S resp. CFU-A) at 12 days after infection. The Bradley method of culturing colonies in agar, which is stated to reflect the number of myeloid precursor cells, resulted in a slower rise in colony forming units (CFU-C) with a maximum of 2.3 times increase at 19 days after infection. These results were compared to the differentiation patterns of the bone marrow at similar intervals after infection. The course of the CFU-C curve parallelled the rise in the number of the myeloblasts in the bone marrow. The pattern of CFU-A and CFU-S curves preceded the rise in number of CFU-C by 7 days. It was found, that RLV infection apart from causing an erythroblastosis in the spleen and a severe anemia is followed by a disappearance of neutrophil granulocytes from the bone marrow. The latter phenomenon is probably the primary cause of the increase of hemopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:The relation between the proliferative activity and the differentiation pattern of bone marrow cells from Rauscher leukemia virus infected BALB/c mice. 122 10

A heterologous antiserum against a Nitrosomethylurea--induced mouse leukemia prevented the outgrowth of syngeneically transplanted leukemia cells in neonatally thymectomized mice. After subcutaneous challenge with 50 000 leukemia-ascites cells thymectomized CBA mice at the age of 8 weeks were given 5 intraperitoneal injections each of 0,1 ml of the heterologous serum. While the antileukemic serum protected 9 out of 11 mice all of the 11 mice treated with normal rabbit serum developed a tumor. The absence of the thymus was confirmed by macroscopic control and by the absence of antibodies against the injected rabbit serum. With regard to previous findings showing a cooperation of heterologous antibodies with host cells as responsible for the antileukemic effect this result indicates that the effector cells are thymus-independent.
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PMID:[On the mode of action of heterologous antileukemic sera. Growth of syngeneically transplanted leukemia cells on serum treated neonatally thymectomized mice (author's transl)]. 122 57

The role of the autoimmune or autoallergic process in Progressive Chronic Polyarthritis, has been the subject of a great deal of study in the last four decades. In this work, using the synovial fluid of 312 patients suffering Chronic Progressive Polyarthritis and other arthropaties, the immunopathologic aspects of these diseases are studies. The following techniques had been used: 1. Total protein determination 2. Animal immunization. 3. Gel diffusion. 4. Immunoelectrophoresis. 5. Cellogel electrophoresis. 6. Radial immunodiffusion. 7. Absorption. After a systematic discussion of each of the results obtained (comparing these findings with those of other authors) we have arrived to the following conclusions. 1. The great importance of the immunoglobulins' role in the immunization process and their relation with high total protein titres, especially in PCP. 2. The importance of the IgA role in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Acute Lymphatic Leukemia, behaving in the former as a Rheumatoid Factor with autoantibody nature. 3. An antigenic community between plasma and synovial proteins, and protein fractions. 4. The existence o af synovial "self" protein could not be demonstrated "in vivo".
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PMID:A contribution to the synovial fluid immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. 122 74

Sequelae in the skeleton and bone marrow can be important late consequences for survivors following radiation therapy of cancer. Skeletal sequelae of radiation therapy often are predictable, although they may not be avoidable. The growth suppressive effects of therapeutic irradiation may occur in any bone, but most often are noted in the spine after doses in excess of 2000 rads. Mature bone and cartilage may be devitalized by irradiation without clinical consequence until stressed. Although malignant tumors may arise in irradiated bone and cartilage, the risk is minimal and is readily accepted in modern-day radiation oncology. Radiation-induced suppression of bone marrow function usually is of immediate rather than late consequence; however, functional recovery after therapeutic irradiation, while prolonged, is more complete than formerly thought. Leukemia rarely develops secondary to therapeutic irradiation.
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PMID:Late effects of therapeutic irradiation on the skeleton and bone marrow. 125 29

Exposure of human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells to the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CAM) triggers endonucleolytic activity and apoptotic death of these cells. The nucleolytic effect is seen 2-4 h after drug addition and is highly selective to cells progressing through S phase. Concomitant with degradation of DNA, which is preferential to the nucleosomal DNA linker sections, extensive proteolysis takes place in these cells. Cellular RNA, however, is initially degraded to a much lesser degree than DNA or protein. Both endonucleolysis and proteolysis triggered by CAM in S-phase HL-60 cells can be prevented by the protease inhibitors N-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), N-tosyl-L-lysylchloromethyl ketone (TLCK) or partly by N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME), added simultaneously with CAM, or up to 30 min after exposure to CAM, at their respective concentrations known to inhibit proteases. The protective effect of these protease inhibitors on DNA degradation cannot be due to the suppression of cell progression through S phase because cells still replicate DNA in their presence, albeit at a reduced rate. Furthermore, TPCK and TLCK protect rat thymocytes against endonucleolysis induced by prednisolone. In the latter cell system, (considered a classic model of apoptosis), endonucleolysis, which primarily affects G0/G1 cells, is unrelated to cell progression through S phase. The present data suggest that the endonucleolysis and proteolysis which accompany apoptotic cell death are coupled, and the proteolytic step is needed for DNA degradation to occur.
Leukemia 1992 Nov
PMID:Inhibitors of proteases prevent endonucleolysis accompanying apoptotic death of HL-60 leukemic cells and normal thymocytes. 127 23

The results of intensive chemotherapy given to 247 adults at the University of Maryland Cancer Center with previously untreated de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were reviewed with respect to expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and CD34. Of the 228 patients with data for TdT, 32 (14%) had > 5% of the leukemia cells positive by an immunofluorescence assay. The median age of the TdT-positive patients was approximately 10 years less than the TdT-negative patients (50 versus 60 years). Patients with TdT-positive AML had similar median survival (12 versus 10.5 months) and complete remission (CR) rates (53 versus 59%), but a greater frequency of long-term complete responders (60 of complete remitters versus 20%, p = 0.08) than TdT-negative patients. Of 126 patients tested, 59% were CD34-negative (< 20% reactivity with leukemia cells). These 74 patients (median age 60 years) had a greater CR rate (71 versus 48%, p = 0.008) than the 52 CD34-positive patients (median age 60 years), and improved survival (p = 0.013 by Wilcoxon) although there was no difference in the duration of CR between the CD34-positive and negative groups. Of CD34-positive patients 12/52 remain in continuous CR, and 16/74 CD34-negative patients remain in continuous CR. None of eight patients strongly positive for CD34 (> 70% reactivity) remain disease-free. Positivity for TdT or CD34 was associated with less differentiated AML. Of CD34-positive patients, 44% had FAB M0/M1 morphology versus 13% of CD34-negative patients (p = 0.0001); similarly, 47% of TdT-positive patients were FAB M0/ML1 versus 25% of TdT-negative patients (p = 0.01). Of seven patients with FAB M4E0, five were CD34-positive. Of the 12 CD34-positive survivors, four had FAB M4E0. Thus CD34 expression predicts for CR rate and overall survival in adults with AML. TdT expression does not significantly affect overall outcome but may be associated with longer CR durations.
Leukemia 1992 Nov
PMID:The significance of CD34 and TdT determinations in patients with untreated de novo acute myeloid leukemia. 127 24


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