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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An hypothesis of an aging effect of exposure to ionizing radiation in humans is proposed and given precise mathematical expression. The assumption is made that the biological changes which occur when humans are exposed to ionizing radiation from medical x ray are comparable to those occuring through the natural aging process, since both factors are known to increase the relative risk of nonlymphatic leukemia. This assumption focuses on this one aspect of aging only. The hypothesis that aging and exposure to ionizing radiation are comparable for increasing the relative risk of non-lymphatic leukemia is tested against the data from the Tri-State Leukemia Survey. It is shown to explain the data in a statistically acceptable way, giving an estimate of 1 rad skin dose exposure to the trunk as comparable to 1 year natural aging. This research raises further questions concerning the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and presents a new methodology by which these questions may be researched.
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PMID:X-ray exposure and premature aging. 89 58

A study was done with 27 patients who met the following criteria: (1) anemia, (2) cellular bone marrow not diagnostic of leukemia, (3) absence of underlying disease that could account for the hematologic abnormalities at time of initial study and (4) absence of iron, B(12) or folate deficiency. Of the 27 patients, 13 had ringed sideroblasts and 14 did not. Eleven patients received corticosteroids, 18 received folate, 23 pyridoxine and 12 androgens. Two partial responses occurred in the sideroblastic group and were attributed to androgen therapy in one patient and pyridoxine therapy in the other. In the nonsideroblastic group, two partial responses occurred which were attributed to prednisone therapy. Transfusions were required in 23 patients. Leukemia developed in six patients. It is concluded that currently used treatments have little effect on refractory anemia and that in most patients continuing transfusions are required. In a small percentage of patients, there is transformation to leukemia.
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PMID:Refractory sideroblastic and nonsideroblastic anemia: a review of 27 cases. 89 52

From the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) Interview Study of 7,518 incident cases, lifetime histories of occupations and industries were studied for associations with specific cancer sites and types while controlling for age, sex, race, education, use of cigarettes or alcohol, and geographic location. Lung cancer patients were found more often than expected among several categories including trucking, air transportation, wholesaling, painting, building construction, building maintenance, and manufacturing (furniture, transportation equipment, and food products). Controlling for cigarette smoking did not change these associations. Leukemia and multiple myeloma were associated with sales personnel of both sexes, whereas lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were excessive among women working in the medical industry. Other associations included rectal cancer with several retail industries; prostate cancer with ministers, farmers, plumbers, and coal miners; malignant melanoma with school teachers; and invasive cervical cancer with women working in hotels and restaurants. Breast cancer patients were more common among women who were teachers or other professionals and who worked in business and finance (even after controlling for education). Many other findings are presented in detailed tables. Results are reported mainly as a research resource for use by other investigators doing work in this field. Suggestions are given for future studies.
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PMID:Associations of cancer site and type with occupation and industry from the Third National Cancer Survey Interview. 90 93

The prolonged adminstration of rabbit anti-mouse L cell interferon globulin had a marked potentiating effect on Rauscher Murine Leukemia Virus (MuLV-R) infection in BALB/c mice, as shown by spleen size. Normal rabbit globulin had a lesser, but still significant, augmenting effect on splenic enlargement. It was possible to discriminate quantitatively between the non-specific enhancement of splenomegaly in MuLV-R infected mice due to antigenic stimulation with normal rabbit globulin and the effects due to elimination of endogenous interferon by specific antibodies. The difference in the spleen-enlarging activity between the anti-interferon IgG and normal rabbit IgG was found to be maximal 3-4 weeks after infection when potent, diluted anti-interferon IgG (58 microgram protein per dose) was used. It would appear that the endogenous interferon, even prodcued in undetectable amounts, plays an essential role in controlling infection with an oncogenic virus.
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PMID:Enchancement of leukemogenesis in mice after prolonged administration of anti-interferon or normal rabbit globulin. 92 45

Antileukemia sera with "directed" specificity are produced by immunization of rabbits with mouse leukemia cells admixed with normal antigen blocking (NAB) serum. Addition of NAB serum to the leukemia cells inhibits production of antibodies to normal cell components and directs specificity toward leukemia cell antigens. The resulting antileukemia serum (ALK-NABS) was not sufficiently potent to produce more than moderate therapy in the standard L1210 leukemia therapy assay. When given together with noncurative doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX), ALK-NABS acts synergistically. It is most effective when given early after injection of the leukemia cells and prior to injection of CTX. Daily repeated injections of a given dose are more effective than a single injection of that dose. Most important, small doses of ALK-NABS produce a significant prolongation of lifespan in conjunction with CTX. Results of therapy for BW-A leukemia with ALK-NABS in conjunction with CTX were negative.
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PMID:Passive immunotherapy for mouse leukemias with antisera of "directed" specificity: synergism with the action of cyclophosphamide. 92 53

In a 61 year-old female patient with Hodgkin's disease treated with cytotoxic drugs and radiation therapy acute undifferentiated leukemia developed 10 years later. The possibility of a carcinogenic effect of the cytotoxic and actinic therapy is discussed. Leukemia complicating the course of Hodgkin's disease must be considered an independent disease and not a iatrogenic transformation of a preexisting lesion.
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PMID:[Acute leukemia as terminal stage of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 97 74

The tests on AKR and C57BL mice of different age were conducted using experimental models of transplanted Gross leukemia (the first passage), Pujman leukemia and spontaneous AKR mouse leukemia. An inverse relationship between the ability of mice to produce humoral antibodies and their susceptibility to transplantation of singeneic leukemic cells and the incidence of spontaneous leukemia has been established. The differences in the ability of the animals to develop immune response to a heterologous antigen were connected with the physiological processes of the aging organism. The data obtained indicated that the failure of one of the links of immunity did not always result in a higher risk of tumor development.
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PMID:[Relationship between the development of experimental leukemia and animals' capacity for a humoral immune response]. 99 Apr 63

An experimental model of meningeal leukemia in rats is developed by intracerebral (IC) inoculation of leukemic cells from the transplantable acute leukemia L5222. The L5222 proliferates exponentially in the central nervous system (CNS) and the disease becomes systemic 2 days following IC inoculation. Chemotherapeutic studies with BCNU and cyclophosphamide yielded cures in a high percentage of cases when treatment began at an early stage of meningeal leukemia. When treatment was started at the advanced stage, only BCNU showed a large number of cures. However, cyclophosphamide resulted in a marked increase of life-span. The activity of cyclophosphamide against meningeal leukemia, which is in contrast to the results obtained by Skipper et. al. (1961) in the L1210 mouse leukemia, suggests that cyclophosphamide crosses in part the blood--brain barrier in a rat bearing meningeal leukemia. After subcutaneous inoculation, BCNU and cyclophosphamide showed the same rate of cures.
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PMID:An experimental model for meningeal leukemia in rats (L5222). Effect of treatment with BCNU and cyclophosphamide. 99 2

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1

The effect of Rauscher Leukemia Virus (MuLV-R) infection on the lipid composition of mouse spleen from BALB/c mice was investigated. Drastic changes in the lipid composition of the spleen as a result of tumor growth induced by the virus could be demonstrated at 21 days after infection. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids was found to be low, while a shift within the choline containing phospholipid classes resulted into a lower sphingomyelin and a higher phosphatidyl choline content of the MuLV-R infected spleen. The cholesterol ester content increased more than two-fold during tumor growth, and shifts in the fatty acid patterns of the lipids were demonstrated.
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PMID:Changes in the cholesterol and phospholipid content of mouse spleen after Raucscher leukemia virus infection. 99 50


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