Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper presents an overview of four Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies in 1266 patients with stage III-IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The cases were analyzed across protocols; the major prognostic determinants were prior chemotherapy, age, and histology. The four studies proved that cyclophosphamide maintenance was superior to no maintenance even after prolonged intensive induction chemotherapy. Furthermore, the reinforcement program of monthly pulse doses of vincristine and prednisone, whose value was established in the treatment of acute leukemia, led to highly significant improvement in remission duration and survival. Other facets of the chemotherapy programs are still being subjected to analysis, but this report sets out some preliminary conclusions.
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PMID:Overview of four clinical studies of chemotherapy for stage III and IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 7 Dec 8

This report describes the use of equilibrium gradients, RNA dependent DNA polymerase assays and electron microscopy (EM) in a combined assay for the rapid preliminary detection of intact retroviruses in crude preparations. Positive combined assays of platelets from preleukemic patients corresponded with karyotypic abnormalities found in these patients. Reconstruction experiments with Rauscher Leukemia Virus added to buffer or disrupted mouse spleen demonstrated the ease of detecting 10(9) or greater particles/g crude tissue, and the effects of buffer or added protein.
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PMID:A combined assay for the rapid preliminary detection of structural retroviruses. 7 85

A proportion of cancers in endocrine target tissues can show the presence of specific receptors for either steroid or polypetide hormones. Manipulation of the controlling hormones does not guarantee regression. A third of cancers in endocrine target organs (breast, uterine endometrium, and prostate) show a 50% reduction in size of lesions after hormonal therapy. If regression resulting from an aggressive form of therapy lasts a short while and the tumor reactivates by the time the unpleasant effects of the therapy wear off, the treatment is not palliative. Endocrine therapy in prostatic cancer is palliative but there is no evidence that is increases survival. 11 different progestational agents in endometrial cancer therapy in the past 25 years resulted in a 30-35% response. Response must be maintained by continual treatment and may last from 12 months to 7-8 years. In breast cancer, tumors with a significant level of estrogen receptor (ER+) have about a 60% chance of regression vs. tumors without estrogen receptors (ER-), 10%. Advanced cancers of the thyroid of the papillary or follicular type regress when the patient is treated by thyroxine, .3 mg daily. Leukemia and lymphoma are frequently treated, with varying degrees of success with corticosteroid therapy, which may also predispose the patient to intercurrent infection. Renal cancer has been often treated by medroxyprogesterone acetate or testosterone propionate, with little success.
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PMID:Endocrine therapy in cancer. 8 86

Leukemia viruses preparations obtained from plasma of leukemic mice or rats were used to immunize rabbits. By immunoelectrophoresis, these non-absorbed antisera reacted specifically with one single mouse serum alpha 2 globulin which was further identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by several criteria, including gel chromatography and nitracentrifugation. When mouse plasma derived virions were used as antigen, they gave rise to antibodies cross-reacting completely with the corresponding mouse and guinea pig protein and partially with rat and calf globulin. Immunization of rabbits with rat plasma derived virions induced antibodies directed preferentially against the rat alpha 2-macroglobulin.
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PMID:Specific precipitation of mouse and rat alpha 2-macroglobulin by immune sera directed against murine leukemia viruses. 8 73

Aclacinomycin-A is a new anthracycline glycoside and has less cardiotoxicity than adriamycin. In an attempt to provide an experimental model of a phase III study of aclacinomycin-A, particularly for the treatment of malignant lymphomas, various therapeutic designs of combinations of this drug with other conventional agents were investigated using a P388 mouse leukemia system. Aclacinomycin-A showed no treatment schedule dependency in this tumor system and the optimal dosage of this drug was twice higher than that of adriamycin on each treatment schedule; i.e., single treatment on day 1, three treatments on days 1, 5, and 9, or 10 treatments on every other day from days 1 to 19 after an inoculation of 10(6) leukemic cells on day 0. This antibiotic was ineffective against an adriamycin-resistant subline of P388 leukemia. Among combinations of aclacinomycin-A with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, or bleomycin, the combinations of aclacinomycin-A with cyclophosphamide or vincristine showed a therapeutic synergism in P388 leukemia system.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with a new anthracycline glycoside, aclacinomycin-A, and active drugs for malignant lymphomas in P388 mouse leukemia system. 9 32

Evidence of type-C RNA viral activity in fetal hamster cells transformed in vitro by 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) after at least one in vivo passage is described. The virus possesses properties typical of other type-C RNA viruses, such as: a) morphology as determined with the electron microscope, b) presence of 70S RNA, c) enhanced expression following treatment with halogenated pyrimidines, d) group specific antigens of hamster type, and e) a buoyant density of 1.15 g per cm3. However, the virus particles are deficient in RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity under conditions that easily detect Rauscher Leukemia virus and will infect neither hamster, rat, mouse, human nor rabbit cells. The possible role of this virus in chemical carcinogenesis of cultured hamster fetal cells is discussed.
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PMID:C-type RNA virus from hamster cells transformed in vitro by 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. 9 80

Low molecular weight chromatin peptides exert a dose-dependent inhibition of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-induced erythroid differentiation of murine Friend Leukemia Cells (FLC). This effect correlates with the degree of purification of the peptide fractions. Crot analysis of globin mRNA amounts in DMSO-treated FLC given the peptides showed a 4-5-fold decrease of messenger RNA in the cytoplasma with no nuclear storage of globin transcripts. Spectrin accumulation in "induced" FLC is inhibited as well. The effects of the peptides on erythroid markers are reversible upon removal of the compounds. They also appear to be specific for induced gene expression as (1) no effects are observed on cell growth and RNA synthesis in normal non-differentiating cell lines; and (2) no changes have been detected with regard to the expression of integrated viral genes coding for continuous shedding of viral particles.
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PMID:Effects of a chromatin low molecular weight peptidic fraction on differentiation markers and virus production in Friend leukemia cells. 9 93

A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia is reported in which the mode of presentation was an atypical gingival lesion. A definite diagnosis was not made until the patient was in a final stage due to non-diagnostic histologic material. One must be suspicious of any gingival lesion, particulary if there is a sudden onset of bleeding or hyperplasia. Leukemia must be considered even if initial investigations are negative, as in the case presented.
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PMID:Acute leukemia. An atypical case presenting with gingival manifestations. 9 58

Polycythemia vera (PV) represents an apparent monoclonal stem cell proliferation with a frequent transition to full neoplastic behavior. Up to 26% of untreated PV patients can be expected to have some chromosome abnormalities in the marrow at the time of diagnosis, and 10--15% have an abnormal cell line or clone. Both structural and numerical aberrations occur. Aneuploidy is the most common type of chromosome abnormality, however, with hyperdiploid clones occurring more frequently than hypodiploid clones. Chromosomes 1, 8, 9 and 20 are involved in a non-random pattern, and aberrations of all the F group, or at least the No. 20 chromosome seem to be associated to some extent with diseases involving erythroid hyperplasia. Leukemia develops in a certain percentage of patients regardless of the type of treatment they have received, but the relationship, if any, between the chromosome abnormalities and the development of leukemia is still uncertain. The abnormal clones that occur in PV appear to be quite stable and there is no indication at this time that they correlate with a prognosis of leukemic transformation.
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PMID:Chromosome studies in polycythemia vera. 10 10

Sixty-eight previously untreated patients with IgG myeloma who were entered into five protocols of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) were studied in order to determine the possible influence of excretion of kappa versus lambda urinary light chains on responses to treatment and survival. All patients in these protocols were included if the serum and urine protein abnormalities were confirmed by one of the two group reference laboratories. Pretreatment characteristics of the two groups of patients did not differ significantly. Of 44 patients with kappa Bence Jones proteinuria, 19 patients (43%) had good responses to treatment, whereas only 3 of 24 patients (13%) with lambda Bence Jones proteinuria had good responses (p = 0.02). Survival for the patients excreting kappa light chains was significantly better than survival for patients excreting lambda chains (median survival 31 versus 12 mo, p = 0.02).
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PMID:Response to therapy in IgG myeloma patients excreting lambda or kappa light chains: CALGB experience. 10 33


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