Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

We studied 145 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission who had been off chemotherapy for at least 2 years, to assess the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, and to determine whether HDV infection was associated with more severe chronic liver disease. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 41.5% (60/145). The prevalence of HDV infection among these patients with chronic HBV infection was 50% (30/60). Eighty-five patients were HBsAg-negative. There was evidence that HDV-infected children had more severe chronic liver disease than did HBsAg-positive, anti-HDV-negative patients: (1) their serum ALT levels were significantly more likely to be elevated at long-term follow-up (27/30 vs. 10/26, p = 0.0001); (2) their mean ALT levels were significantly higher 3 years after the cessation of chemotherapy (128 vs. 84 IU/L, p = 0.001); and (3) they were more likely to have either chronic acute hepatitis or cirrhosis when liver biopsy was done (18/23 vs. 6/18, p = 0.0038). Children who were HBsAg-negative had the lowest alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and were least likely to have chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis (3/31). We conclude that infection with HDV in children with ALL is associated with serious chronic liver disease. In long-term survivors, HDV infection is a major cause of morbidity and an adverse prognostic factor in terms of leukemia-free survival.
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PMID:Delta virus and childhood leukemia. 202 65

Seventy-nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were evaluated for the presence of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies. One patient has polymyositis and two additional patients presented with features suggestive of pernicious anaemia and chronic active hepatitis. The Coombs' direct test was positive in 7% and immune thrombocytopenia was present in 8.1% of patients. Five (7%) patients had M-protein in the serum. No increased frequency of other autoantibodies was noted in our study group. We conclude that the propensity to develop antibodies is restricted only to the haematopoietic system and that there is no increased frequency of non-haematological autoimmune diseases in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
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PMID:Autoimmunity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 324 3

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a diagnosis of exclusion. A 36-year-old woman was clinically diagnosed as having pyoderma gangrenosum and appropriate exclusion tests were performed. Pyoderma gangrenosum may occur in association with underlying diseases such as leukemia, monoclonal gammopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and chronic active hepatitis. However, these diseases were excluded in this patient who did have chronic persistent hepatitis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic persistent hepatitis and pyoderma gangrenosum.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum and chronic persistent hepatitis. 406 29

A great deal of interest and speculation has arisen from the discovery of a specific antigen, Australia antigen, in the serum of a high proportion of patients with viral hepatitis. This antigen has been found also in the serum of some patients with other conditions, including Down's syndrome, leukemia, leprosy, chronic renal disorders, and chronic active liver disease. It is not found in the serum of normal persons. Australia antigen has been postulated as the causative agent of viral hepatitis. In most patients the antigen can be detected for less than two weeks during the acute phase of the disease. Its persistence in other conditions may be due to an impairment of the immune response. The course of acute viral hepatitis is usually uncomplicated, full recovery of liver function taking place within four to six weeks, with restoration of normal liver histology within three to four months. Follow-up studies of patients in whom hepatitis has developed during epidemics have failed to reveal evidence of subsequent chronic progressive liver disease. This suggests that most cases of chronic active hepatitis are not the result of preceding acute viral hepatitis. However, the recent finding of Australia antigen in the serum of a small number of patients raises the possibility that sporadic viral hepatitis may be one of the causes of the chronic active hepatitis. Alternatively, the presence of the antigen may be interpreted as being due to an altered immune response. The treatment of acute hepatic coma remains unsatisfactory. Several new forms of therapy have been tried in recent years in an uncontrolled way. These include multiple exchange blood transfusions, isolated pig liver perfusion, human cross-circulation, and cross-circulation with baboons. Transient improvement may follow any of these procedures, but evidence that they influence the final outcome of the disease is lacking. The rapid fluctuations in the neurological status of individual patients makes it difficult to interpret the effects of therapy. Also, until satisfactory objective criteria of degrees of coma are universally accepted it will be impossible to compare one mode of therapy with another.
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PMID:Current concepts in viral hepatitis. 552 Jul 27

A high percentage of patients with acute leukaemia in established remission develop chronic liver disease: how important hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) infection is as an aetiological factor is not clear. The presence of HBV markers in liver and serum of 23 leukaemic children with liver disease was investigated at the time of a diagnostic biopsy just before treatment withdrawal. Although, at this time, none had HBV antigens or antibodies in the serum by radioimmunoassay, HBsAg was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in 13 children, 7 of whom also had hepatitis-B core or e antigens in hepatocyte nuclei. This pattern of both cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescence was present in 4 of 6 patients with the histological features of chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy. The failure of release of viral antigens into serum and the absence of an adequate immune response were probably due to the intense chemotherapy used to induce and maintain remission, since HBV markers appeared in the serum within 15 months of stopping treatment in 8 of the children in whom viral antigens had been detected in liver tissue but in none of those whose biopsy specimens were negative by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that HBV infection may be an important cause of chronic liver disease in children with leukaemia and show that during treatment serological tests may fail to detect the presence of the virus.
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PMID:Histological evidence of hepatitis-B-virus infection with negative serology in children with acute leukaemia who develop chronic liver disease. 612 Mar 49

Preliminary results of in vivo attenuation measurements of the liver have been obtained in 39 normal patients and in 35 patients with diffuse liver disease. A modified real-time sector scanner incorporating an online attenuation measurement method was used. The value of attenuation in normal liver was estimated as 0.52 +/- 0.03 dB/cm/MHz, measured at 3 MHz. Significantly higher attenuation values were obtained from patients with alcoholic and cardiac cirrhosis, and following hepatic artery infusion with chemotherapeutic agents. Lower values were obtained from patients with biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and diffuse infiltration by lymphoma or leukemia. Fatty infiltrated livers showed a wide range of values of 0.37-0.66 dB/cm/MHz. The results suggest that estimates of attenuation coefficients are useful in detecting the presence of diffuse liver disease.
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PMID:Attenuation of ultrasound in normal liver and diffuse liver disease in vivo. 653 74

Along with homosexual men, Haitians, and intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs are at high risk of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An earlier study revealed that 36 percent of a group of the AIDS patients had antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-MA), whereas only 1.2 percent of matched asymptomatic homosexual controls had these antibodies. In the present experiments, serum samples from 172 asymptomatic hemophiliacs were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-MA. Such antibodies were detected in 5 to 19 percent of the hemophiliacs examined from four geographical locations, but in only 1 percent or less of laboratory workers, normal blood donors, donors on hemodialysis, or donors with chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus membrane antigens (HTLV-MA) in hemophiliacs. 660 59

This paper describes a special form of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with hypergammaglobulinemia in a ten-year-old girl. Because of unclear symptoms she was admitted to our hospital for exclusion of leukemia. However, further clinical and laboratory investigations suggested an autoimmune hepatitis although the typical antibodies could not be found in the immunofluorescence test. Only the detection of liver-pancreas-specific, complement-fixing autoantibodies (LP-antibodies) confirmed the diagnosis of an autoimmune hepatitis. Histology showed typical infiltrations of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the periportal area. LP-antibodies had been recently described in 20 adults with HBs-Ag-negative CAH[6]. To our knowledge this is the first report on LP-positive hepatitis in childhood. As a therapeutic response is likely, early immunosuppressive treatment is indicated.
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PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in childhood with detection of liver-pancreas-specific autoantibodies. 687 8

We have evaluated the efficacy of treatment with recombinant Interferon-2b (IFN-2b) in 12 children with cancer who developed chronic hepatitis-B infection. Seven of them had lymphoblastic leukaemia and others had solid tumours. Seven cases were male. Mean age was 10.5 years with a range of 5-16 years. Chronic Hepatitis B was diagnosed biochemically, serologically and histopathologically. They were HBsAg(+), HBV-DNA(+), and HCV(-), HIV(-). Seven cases were HBeAg(+) and two of them were anti-Delta IgG(+). Liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis in six cases and persistent hepatitis in three cases. IFN was given at the dose of 5 MU/m2 three times a week, subcutaneously for 6 months. It was well tolerated. After IFN therapy, ALT levels returned to normal in seven cases. All cases were still HBsAg(+). Four of them seroconverted to anti-HBe antibody. Loss of serum HBV-DNA in three cases, but 11 cases showed a marked decrease after IFN. The control liver biopsies showed that histopathological activity index was diminished in five cases. Other 16 patients, serving as control, received no therapy. Five of them were leukaemia and others were solid tumours. Twelve cases were male. Mean age was 9.3 years with a range of 4-19 years. After 6 months, only one patient lost HBV-DNA and three of them seroconverted to anti-HBe with normalization of ALT values. In our study, IFN treatment favourably influenced the progress of chronic hepatitis B in children with cancer.
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PMID:alpha-Interferon-2b treatment for chronic hepatitis-B infection in children with cancer. 893 55


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