Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new method for the preparation of a neoglycoprotein (chemically mannosylated bovine serum albumin, D-Man.BSA) is described using the homobifunctional reagent divinylsulphone.D-Man.BSA purified by affinity chromatography on ConA-Sepharose 4B shows microheterogeneity as demonstrated by immunoaffinity electrophoresis with free ConA in the first-dimension gel. The dissociation constant K for the neoglycoprotein-ConA complex has been calculated to be 2.5.10(-5) M. Biotinylated D-Man.BSA is a useful reagent to detect carbohydrate binding proteins of L1210 leukemia cells on blots. The neoglycoprotein labelled with colloidal gold may be used to demonstrate L1210 cell surface D-Man binding proteins by preembedding electron microscopy.
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PMID:Preparation of a neoglycoprotein using a homobifunctional reagent and its applicability for protein blotting and electron microscopy. 187 75

An immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I) IgG (anti-HTLV-I IgG) in serum using a chemically and safely synthesized peptide, env gp46(188-209), is described. Anti-HTLV-I IgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive beta-D-galactosidase to eliminate interference by anti-beta-D-galactosidase antibodies, was reacted simultaneously with dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin-env gp46(188-209) conjugate and env gp46(188-209)-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified (anti-dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the beta-D-galactosidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified (anti-human IgG gamma-chain) IgG. beta-D-Galactosidase activity bound to the (anti-human IgG gamma-chain) IgG-coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was sensitive and detected anti-HTLV-I IgG in serum samples which were negative by the conventional enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting. And the specificity of this assay was confirmed by preincubation of test serum with excess of env gp46(188-209). However, some disadvantages were also noted.
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PMID:Immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I) IgG in serum using a synthetic peptide, Env gp46(188-209), as antigen. 190 Mar 32

Anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I IgG (anti-HTLV-I IgG) in human serum was detected with high sensitivity by a novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant gag(14-139)-env(197-295) hybrid protein. Anti-HTLV-I IgG in test serum was reacted simultaneously with dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin-recombinant gag-env hybrid protein conjugate and recombinant gag-env hybrid protein-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The complex formed of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified anti-dinitrophenyl group IgG. After washing the polystyrene balls to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the peroxidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified anti-human IgG gamma-chain IgG. Peroxidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was remarkably reduced by transfer of the complex and the detection limit of anti-HTLV-I IgG in serum was lowered 300 to 3000-fold compared with that by Western blotting and the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which a recombinant gag-env hybrid protein-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with the test serum and, after washing, with anti-human IgG gamma-chain Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. The immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay may overcome some difficulties with currently used methods.
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PMID:Sensitive detection of anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I IgG in human serum by a novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant gag-env hybrid protein as antigen. 201 95

Systematic clotting studies were performed in 157 patients with de novo acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) prior to treatment. Sixteen patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Three of the patients with DIC (two with M3, one with M5 leukemia) had a marked isolated factor-X deficiency (factor X:C 21%, 33%, and 41%, respectively). Another four patients had a mild isolated factor-X deficiency (factor X:C 55%-68%). In these seven patients the remaining liver-synthesized clotting factors (factors II, VII, IX, V) as well as serum albumin and cholinesterase were within the normal range. Liver disease or vitamin-K deficiency could therefore be excluded. In none of the 141 patients without DIC was a marked isolated factor X deficiency observed; two patients had moderately reduced factor X:C levels but normal liver-synthesized proteins. Induction treatment led to the control of DIC with an almost parallel increase of fibrinogen and factor X up to normal in all patients with factor-X deficiency who achieved complete remission. In one patient, recurrence of leukemia was associated with reoccurrence of DIC and marked factor-X deficiency. We conclude that there is a coincidence of isolated factor-X deficiency and DIC in some patients with ANLL. In some patients, this factor-X deficiency may be severe enough to contribute to the bleeding tendency.
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PMID:Coincidence of acquired factor-X deficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. 204 64

The photophysical properties of 1,1'-diethyl-4,4'-carbocyanine chloride (kryptocyanine) have been measured in methanol solution and for the dye bound to human serum albumin, incorporated in neutral micelles and after incubation with leukemia cells. In all cases, it is found that formation of the triplet state of the dye occurs with low efficiency and that illumination of the dye under aerobic conditions does not produce significant yields of O2(1 delta g). Instead, the only efficient photoprocess involves rapid internal conversion from the first excited singlet state to the ground state, probably via isomerization of the polymethine sequence. These findings are discussed with respect to the demonstrated ability of kryptocyanine to photodestroy leukemic cells.
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PMID:In vitro photodynamic activity of kryptocyanine. 208 20

Serum selenium concentration as an indicator of selenium status was studied during a 6-month period in 24 children with acute leukaemia or solid tumours. At diagnosis low serum selenium values were found in children with acute leukaemia compared to children with solid tumours (P = 0.001), while there were no differences in the protein nutritional status of these children as assessed by serum albumin and prealbumin. During the corticosteroid treatment serum selenium levels increased (mean of 111 per cent) in children with acute leukaemia. The concentrations of serum selenium remained within the reference range of healthy Finnish children from week 16 onwards in children with acute leukaemia and throughout the study period of 24 weeks in children with solid tumours. The results suggest redistribution of the endogenous selenium stores since no selenium supplementation was used, and demonstrate that serum selenium is not a valid indicator of selenium status in these cases.
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PMID:Serum selenium in children during anti-cancer chemotherapy. 212 76

In the present study, methotrexate (MTX), was conjugated with a murine monoclonal antibody (79) to human common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), with human serum albumin (HSA) as an intermediary. The highest molar ratio of McAb 79:HSA:MTX in the conjugates was 1:2. 63:117. The conjugates obtained retained both antibody binding and drug activities. Although there was some loss of drug activity in binding to antibody, the toxicity of McAb79-HSA-MTX was entirely specific for the target cell, and the cytotoxicity of McAb79-HSA-MTX against CALLA+ cells was greater than that of control S13 (Anti-human urokinase)-HSA-MTX. The ratio of 79-HSA-MTX cytotoxicity to the target and non-target cells was 66:1, whereas there was no cytotoxicity to target cells when McAb79 was used only. There was no cytotoxic difference between 79-HSA-MTX and S13-HSA-MTX against CALLA- SB cells. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of 79-HSA-MTX against CALLA leukemia cells is specific and this specificity is mediated by McAb79.
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PMID:[Preparation and cytotoxicity of McAb-HSA-MTX conjugates]. 217 64

A novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) for antihuman T cell leukemia virus type 1 IgG (anti-HTLV-1 IgG) in human serum using recombinant gag(14-139)-env-(197-295) hybrid protein is described. Anti-HTLV-1 IgG in test serum was reacted with dinitrophenyl biotinyl bovine serum albumin-recombinant gag-env hybrid protein conjugate. The complex formed was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified antidinitrophenyl group IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with streptavidin. After washing, anti-HTLV-1 IgG in the complex trapped onto the streptavidin-coated polystyrene balls was reacted with antihuman IgG gamma-chain Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. Peroxidase activity bound to the streptavidin-coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. By transfer of the complex, the nonspecific binding of nonspecific human IgG was considerably reduced, and the detection limit of anti-HTLV-1 IgG in serum was lowered 30-300-fold compared with that by Western blotting, gelatin particle agglutination, and the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which a recombinant gag-env hybrid protein-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with test serum and, after washing, with antihuman IgG gamma-chain Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. Usefulness of the immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay was demonstrated using 271 serum samples.
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PMID:Novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) for antihuman T cell leukemia virus type 1 IgG in human serum using recombinant gag-env hybrid protein as antigen. 223 Nov 82

The knowledge about drug resistance in childhood leukemias and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in general is limited. This is because of the lack of a suitable in vitro drug sensitivity assay, which is in part due to low in vitro ALL cell survival. We recently adapted the highly efficient 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to test cells from ALL patients and showed that its results were comparable with those of the DiSC assay, up to now the most valid but laborious assay. In this study, in vitro drug sensitivity was assessed in cells from 82 children with leukemia, 79 of whom had ALL, with the MTT assay. Dose response curves were obtained for 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine (6-TG), prednisolone (Pred), daunorubicin (DNR), vincristine (VCR), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), L-asparaginase (L-Asp), mafosfamide, and mustine. A cytotoxic effect of methotrexate could be detected in only a few cases. Large interindividual differences in drug sensitivity were detected. Compared with leukemia cells from newly diagnosed patients, leukemia cells from relapsed patients were significantly more in vitro resistant to 6-TG, Pred, Ara-C, mafosfamide and mustine but not to DNR, VCR, and L-Asp. Improvements of culture medium and methods to increase MTT reduction were studied. From 10 components tested, addition of insulin and bovine serum albumin to serum-containing medium improved ALL cell survival. Addition of succinate did not increase the amount of MTT reduction. We conclude that the in vitro MTT assay highly facilitates large-scale studies on drug resistance of ALL patients that can lead to rational improvements in existing treatment protocols.
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PMID:In vitro drug sensitivity of cells from children with leukemia using the MTT assay with improved culture conditions. 225 5

Primary and secondary colony formation of two new human myeloid leukemia cell lines (BRM and DD) were studied in serum-free semisolid cultures. The results indicate that bovine serum albumin and transferrin were essential for clonal growth in chemically defined medium. Insulin contributed only moderately beneficial effects. Initial cell density was also a major modulator of plating efficiency. Positive cooperation between the leukemia cells was shown by using autologous conditioned media. This is the first serum-free culture method that allows self-renewal of human myeloid leukemia cell lines in terms of secondary colony formation in methylcellulose cultures.
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PMID:Clonal growth and self-renewal of human myeloid leukemia cell lines (BRM and DD) in serum-free semi-solid culture. 227 80


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