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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

c-ets-1 and c-ets-2 are 2 proto-oncogenes known to be possibly involved in some human myelomonocytic leukemias. However, very few studies concern c-ets-1 and c-ets-2 RNA expression in human hematologic malignancies. We have studied 18 leukemic patients, and 10 cell lines for their ets RNA contents. c-ets-1 was strongly expressed in 5 and c-ets-2 in 8 of the 18 patients. All the cell lines expressed both c-ets-1 and c-ets-2 RNAs. This expression was highly variable from one patient to another, and from one cell line to another, regardless of the cellular leukemia subtype. The variability of this expression in patients may reflect differences in the proliferative potential of leukemic cells.
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PMID:ets-1 and ets-2 proto-oncogene expression in human leukemia cells and cell lines. 269 94

We describe a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in a patient with a constitutional chromosome anomaly, inv(4)(p16q26). The patient had extensive occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Reports of constitutional or acquired chromosome inversions in human malignancies are quite uncommon. The constitutional changes associated with hematologic malignancies include trisomy 21, balanced translocations, deletions, and sex chromosome anomalies. The breakpoints on chromosome 4 in our case are 4p16, to which the murine leukemia viral (v-raf) oncogene, pseudogene 1, has been mapped, and 4q26, which is the locus of the IL-2 gene. Activation of these genes could have played a role in the pathogenesis of the patient's leukemia.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a patient with a constitutional inv(4). 273 Nov 38

The occurrence of treatment-related hematologic malignancies after adjuvant therapy with alkylating agents for gastrointestinal cancers, ovarian carcinoma, and breast cancer and after treatment for Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, germ-cell tumors, and multiple myeloma has been well documented. Adjuvant chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of early stage breast cancer, and to date there has been no increase in the incidence of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes or acute leukemia after cyclophosphamide-based regimens when compared with surgical controls. This report describes two patients who developed acute myelocytic leukemia only after exposure to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil adjuvant therapy. These two cases of acute leukemia, which developed 3 years after diagnosis of breast cancer and initiation of chemotherapy, were characterized by trilineage dysplasia and pancytopenia, and had abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7: characteristics consistent with treatment-related leukemia. Many women are diagnosed with early stage breast cancer each year who are potential candidates for adjuvant therapy. Although certain subgroups of patients have been shown to benefit from adjuvant therapy, continued efforts must be directed at identifying responders so that others will not be exposed to the additional risks of chemotherapy.
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PMID:Secondary acute myelocytic leukemia after adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast carcinoma. A new complication of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil therapy. 274 58

Forty-three patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), admitted to the hospital from 1982 to 1987, were studied. Five of those were found to have additional cancer; two of the five had two additional kinds of cancers besides ATL. During the same period, in contrast, the authors encountered only three patients with some superimposed cancer among 155 cases of hematologic malignancies which had no association with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). These facts strongly suggest that HTLV-I infection is not only associated with ATL, but it is likely to increase the incidence of other types of malignancy as well.
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PMID:Cancer superimposed on adult T-cell leukemia. 274 59

We reviewed 135 cases of candidemia occurring between 1983 and 1986 to examine oncologic and nononcologic populations and assess factors for survival. Candida albicans was the most common species (51%); Candida tropicalis occurred most frequently in leukemia patients (57%), whereas Candida parapsilosis and Torulopsis glabrata were associated with solid tumors and nononcologic diseases. Risk factors identified were: preceding surgery, antibiotics, cannulas, and steroids in solid tumor and nononcologic diseases; and chemotherapy and neutropenia with hematologic malignancies. Even transient cannula-associated candidemia was not a benign process. Intravenous cannulas were common portals of entry (39%) in debilitated patients without cancer (59%) and were associated with high mortality (55%). Overall mortality was 59%, candidemia directly contributing to death in 75% of cases. In patients with candidemia, failure to initiate therapy with amphotericin B had a negative influence on outcome, whereas analysis of the entire group identified severity of underlying illness as the dominant cofactor influencing outcome.
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PMID:Fungemia caused by Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata in the hospitalized patient: frequency, characteristics, and evaluation of factors influencing outcome. 274 2

Tumor recurrence and regimen-related toxicity remain major obstacles in the successful use of marrow transplantation as therapy for hematologic malignancies. By attaching radionuclides to monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) targeted at myeloid-associated antigenic determinants, a more effective and directed delivery of therapy may be possible without increasing toxicity. We investigated the biodistribution over time of an anti-myeloid antibody (DM-5) labeled with trace amounts of 131I in normal dogs. This study demonstrates the ability to target marrow with a high degree of selectivity, achieving marrow/blood ratios of 25-30:1 with the greatest concentration in any other organ being a tissue/blood ratio of 1.4:1 for stomach at 48 h. A pretreatment dose of unlabeled antibody effectively reduced early hepatic uptake by 80%, resulting in improved marrow localization with an estimated 58.6% of the injected dose localized in marrow within 2 h following infusion, compared to 32.8% without pretreatment. The marrow concentration clearance curve for the radioimmunoconjugate revealed an initial short half-life (4.75 h), suggesting rapid internalization, digestion, and release of free iodine (dehalogenation). This view was supported by a corresponding rise in trichloroacetic acid-non-precipitable activity during this period. Methods aimed at decreasing dehalogenation may result in longer residence time of the radionuclide within the marrow space, resulting in more effective tumor cell kill. This approach may provide a way to improve upon the current results obtained with marrow transplantation as treatment for patients with leukemia and other hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Specific marrow localization of an 131I-labeled anti-myeloid antibody in normal dogs: effects of a "cold" antibody pretreatment dose on marrow localization. 277 54

The 1988 UCLA symposium on bone marrow transplantation (BMT) provided a comprehensive overview of the current position of this therapy in its widest sense. Major consideration was given to the role of BMT in the treatment of the acute and chronic leukaemias, with particular reference to the timing of this procedure in these disorders. The use of autologous grafting in haematological and non-haematological malignancy was discussed, and the results of BMT in aplastic anaemia and the inherited immune and metabolic diseases were presented. The prevention and therapy of the major post-transplant complications, cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis and graft-versus-host disease, were the subject of lengthy deliberations as were the related topics of T cell depletion, graft-versus-leukaemia and the use of partially matched related or matched unrelated donors.
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation: current controversies. 284 44

The reliability of labelling routinely prepared air-dried peripheral-blood and bone-marrow smears with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-alkaline-phosphatase (APAAP) method for phenotyping leukaemias was evaluated in 259 cases of haematological malignancy. All the cellular markers currently used in leukaemia diagnosis could be detected with this technique. Since the technique can be used on blood and marrow smears even after storage or postal transport, it is suggested that APAAP labelling should become the method of choice for immunophenotyping neoplastic samples in many haematology laboratories not equipped with specialised immunological diagnostic facilities. The method should also be valuable for epidemiological studies of leukaemia.
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PMID:APAAP labelling of blood and bone-marrow samples for phenotyping leukaemia. 287 Feb 68

The expression of membrane transferrin receptors (TfRs), as defined by monoclonal antibody OKT9, and the nuclear proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 were examined in 159 cases of hematological malignancy. Of the "chronic" B and T cell leukemias studied (n = 85), 61% showed less than 5% OKT9-positive cells and only 7% of cases were TfR+ (defined as greater than 20% positive cells). For comparison, the acute leukemias (n = 62) showed higher (p less than 0.001) TfR expression with 39% TfR+ cases, although there was considerable variation within diagnostic subgroups. Nuclear Ki-67 expression was generally insignificant (less than 1%) in chronic leukemias (78 of 88 cases), although two of eight B cell-type prolymphocytic leukemia and four of four cases of plasma cell leukemia showed greater than 10% Ki-67+ components. In contrast, 47% (31 of 66) acute leukemias had greater than 10% Ki-67+ cells, although there appeared to be no relationship between Ki-67 expression and leukemic type. Combined assessments of TfR and Ki-67 expression revealed a Ki-67- TfR- phenotype in 82% of chronic leukemias, compared with 28% of acute type, and a Ki-67+ TfR+ pattern was found in 27% of acute proliferations but not in any case of chronic leukemia. The determination of membrane TfR expression appears to have little value in the diagnostic differentiation of leukemias, whereas Ki-67 is considered to be a useful supplementary investigation in defining high grade tumors, in the recognition of prognostically poor cases of otherwise well defined low grade malignancy, and of potential value in resolving discrepancies between morphological and immunophenotypic features in leukemias of "intermediate" type.
Leukemia 1988 Jul
PMID:Membrane transferrin receptor (TfR) and nuclear proliferation-associated Ki-67 expression in hemopoietic malignancies. 289 82

Adult T-cell leukemia associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by a clonal expansion of a CD4-positive subset of T lymphocytes that constitutively express high numbers of interleukin-2 receptors and that frequently infiltrate the skin; osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, we measured the level of soluble Tac peptide, one chain of the human interleukin-2 receptor, in the serum of 50 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (38 Japanese and 12 American patients), 8 patients with other hematologic malignancies, 8 asymptomatic HTLV-I-antibody-positive carriers, and 17 normal controls. The serum level of soluble Tac peptide (geometric mean U/mL, 95% CI) was elevated at presentation in all patients with adult T-cell leukemia (16,461; 819 to 330,896) when compared with normal controls (238; 112 to 502), patients with other hematologic malignancies (1302; 475 to 3569), and healthy HTLV-I antibody-positive carriers (490; 115 to 2086). The highest levels were seen in patients (n = 33) with acute (32,154; 2587 to 399,598) compared with chronic (5464; 661 to 45,156) disease (n = 14). Serum levels of Tac peptide also tended to be more elevated in patients with adult T-cell leukemia with hypercalcemia (32,072; 2461 to 417,908) compared with normocalcemic patients (13,885; 496 to 388,436). Serial measurements of soluble Tac peptide levels in serum were done in four patients with adult T-cell leukemia during chemotherapy and the levels reflected disease activity. These observations suggest that the measurement of soluble Tac peptide levels in patients with adult T-cell leukemia is useful as a noninvasive measure of tumor burden and will help in the diagnosis of the disease and management of these patients.
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PMID:Elevated serum levels of soluble Tac peptide in adult T-cell leukemia: correlation with clinical status during chemotherapy. 289 10


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